75976-10-2

Basic information

• Product Name: PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, HUMAN
• Synonyms: H-ALA-PRO-LEU-GLU-PRO-VAL-TYR-PRO-GLY-ASP-ASN-ALA-THR-PRO-GLU-GLN-MET-ALA-GLN-TYR-ALA-ALA-ASP-LEU-ARG-ARG-TYR-ILE-ASN-MET-LEU-THR-ARG-PRO-ARG-TYR-NH2;APLEPVYPGDNATPEQMAQYAADLRRYINMLTRPRY-NH2;ALA-PRO-LEU-GLU-PRO-VAL-TYR-PRO-GLY-ASP-ASN-ALA-THR-PRO-GLU-GLN-MET-ALA-GLN-MET-ALA-GLN-TYR-ALA-ALA-ASP-LEU-ARG-ARG-TYR-ILE-ASN-MET-LEU-THR-ARG-PRO-ARG-TYR-NH2;ALA-PRO-LEU-GLU-PRO-VAL-TYR-PRO-GLY-ASP-ASN-ALA-THR-PRO-GLU-GLN-MET-ALA-GLN-TYR-ALA-ALA-ASP-LEU-ARG-ARG-TYR-ILE-ASN-MET-LEU-THR-ARG-PRO-ARG-TYR-NH2;ALA-PRO-LEU-GLU-PRO-VAL-TYR-PRO-GLY-ASP-ASN-ALA-THR-PRO-GLU-GLN-MET-ALA-GLN-TYR-ALA-ALA-ASP-LEU-ARG-ARG-TYR-ILE-ASN-MET-LEU-THR-ARG-PRO-ARG-TYR-NH2 HUMAN;PP, HUMAN;PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE;PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, HUMAN
• CAS NO: 75976-10-2
• Molecular Formula: C185H287N53O54S2
• Molecular Weight: 4181.71098
• Product Categories: Peptide;Neuropeptide Y (NPY ) receptor
• Mol File: 75976-10-2.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• Storage Temp.: -15°C
• CAS DataBase Reference: PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, HUMAN(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, HUMAN(75976-10-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, HUMAN(75976-10-2)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 75976-10-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Pancreatic polypeptide, also known as human pancreatic polypeptide, is a 36-amino acid peptide hormone that is produced and secreted by the PP cells of the pancreas. It is an agonist of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors and plays a role in regulating food intake and gastrointestinal motility.

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Pancreatic polypeptide is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. It modulates the activity of NPY receptors, which helps in reducing inflammation and improving gut motility.
Used in Research Applications:
Pancreatic polypeptide is used as a research tool for studying the role of NPY receptors in various physiological processes, such as food intake regulation, energy homeostasis, and gastrointestinal motility. It helps researchers to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes and develop novel therapeutic strategies for related disorders.
Used in Diagnostic Applications:
Pancreatic polypeptide can be used as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Measuring the levels of pancreatic polypeptide in blood or other biological samples can help in the early detection and monitoring of these diseases.
Used in Drug Development:
Pancreatic polypeptide can be used in the development of new drugs targeting NPY receptors for the treatment of various disorders, such as obesity, anorexia, and gastrointestinal motility disorders. It can serve as a lead compound or a template for designing more potent and selective NPY receptor agonists or antagonists.

Discovery

The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a peptide hormone secreted from the pancreas to inhibit pancreatic exocrine secretion, gall bladder contraction, gastric emptying, and gut motility, and to modulate anxiolytic and depressive behaviors.?PP was isolated in 1975 as a byproduct of insulin purification from the pancreas.

Structure

Mature PP is a linear peptide consisting of 36 aa residues in mammals, including humans. PP is a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family, and about 50% homology with NPY and 70% homology with peptide YY (PYY) in pigs.?The amino acid sequences of PP are conserved in mammals and other nonmammalian specie.?Human PP: Mr. 4182. Soluble in water, acid solutions, and methanol.

Gene and mRNA

The human PP gene is localized with the NPY gene on chromosome 17p21.31 and consists of four exons. In humans, preproPP has 95 aa residues, comprising a 29-aa signal peptide, a 36-aa mature PP, and a 30-aa C-terminal peptide.?PP gene expression is restricted to the pancreas in the fourth cell type, named F cells. The PP-producing F cells often take up a peripheral position in the islets, and are distinct from the three other major islet cell populations, the insulin-producing β cells, the glucagon-producing α cells, and the somatostatin-producing S cells.

Synthesis and release

A potential AP-1 binding site and several potential AP-2 binding sequences, which are activated by cAMP and phorbol ester, are located upstream of the transcriptional initiation site of the human PP gene. PP is secreted from the F cells of the pancreatic islets. The secretion of PP is increased by protein meal ingestion, fasting, and exercise.

Biological functions

PP secreted from the pancreas stimulates gastric juice secretion. The peripheral administration of PP decreases food intake in rodents while central administration of PP increases food intake. PP inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretion, gall bladder contraction, gastric emptying, and?gutmotility.The peripheral administration of PP causes Y4 receptor-dependent c-Fos expression in the brainstem, hypothalamus, and amygdala. The chronic peripheral administration of PP reduces anxiety.

Clinical implications

Plasma PP levels are reduced following increased food intake, and elevated in anorexia nervosa. PP administration reduces food intake in lean humans as well as in obese patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. No PP-related peptides and compounds have been used clinically as therapeutic agents.

Clinical Use

PP secretion from the pancreas in response to vagal nerve stimulation has been used as a diagnostic test of vagal nerve function.