ARTICLE IN PRESS
Y. Wang et al. / Journal of Solid State Chemistry 181 (2008) 562–566
565
Table 1
5D0 lifetime (t), radiative (kr) and non-radiative (knr
probabilities, quantum efficiency (q), and the number of water molecules
)
transition
coordinated to Eu3+ in the hybrid thin film
Sample
t (ms)
kr (m sꢁ1
)
knr (m sꢁ1
)
q (%)
nw
Hybrid thin film
0.46
0.229
2.101
9.8
1.9
Fig. 5. Structural modal of the hybrid titania thin film.
continued condensation of titania network and the addi-
tion of the copolymer P123 which can facilitate the in-situ
formation of lanthanide complexes and the homogenous
distribution of them within the thin film (Fig. 5).
Furthermore, synthesis conditions are now being optimized
to get ordered mesostrucutred thin film, and the work on
the extension of photoluminescence to Nir region is also
undertaken.
Fig. 4. Emission spectrum of titania thin film activated by in-situ formed
Tb–phen complex.
where kexp is the reciprocal value of the 5D0 lifetime.
The data obtained using Eqs. (1)–(3) are summarized in
Table 1. From these results, it is reasonable to assume that
the number of water molecules coordinated to the Eu3+ in
the hybrid thin film is about 2.
Acknowledgment
This work is financially supported by Hebei University
of Technology.
Very similar results were obtained when the Eu3+ was
replaced by Tb3+ in the titania thin film. The Tb3+–phen
emission spectrum (Fig. 4) displays four main transitions
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