15224-07-4Relevant articles and documents
Ruthenium complexes containing diamine-based ligands as catalysts for insertion of carbenes into O-H bonds of alcohols
Simal, Francois,Demonceau, Albert,Noels, Alfred F.
, p. 63 - 66 (1999)
Ruthenium complexes with N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-diamine ligands are efficient catalysts for insertion of carbenes generated from diazo compounds into O-H bonds of alcohols.
Reactions of Carbenes with Oxetane and with Oxetane/ Methanol Mixtures
Kirmse, Wolfgang,Lelgemann, Rudolf,Friedrich, Klaus
, p. 1853 - 1863 (2007/10/02)
Ethoxycarbonylcarbene, bis(methoxycarbonyl)carbene, phenylcarbene (17a), diphenylcarbene (17b), fluorenylidene (17c), 2-furylcarbene (31a), 2-furyl(phenyl)carbene (31b), 4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene (40), and 4,4-dimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienylidene (53) were generated by photolysis of the appropriate diazo compounds.With neat oxetane, most of these carbenes react by competitive C-H insertion (B -> A, Scheme 1) and ylide formation (B -> C). 31a and 40 do not insert into C-H bonds; 31b does not attack oxetane but rearranges exclusively with formation of 26.The ylides undergo Stevens rearrangement to give tetrahydrofurans (C -> D) and α',β-elimination, leading to allyl ethers (C -> E).With oxetane/ methanol mixtures, the intervention of oxonium ions (H) is indicated by the formation of 1,3-dialkoxypropanes (I).The oxonium ions arise either by protonation of the ylides (C -> H) or by protonation of the carbenes (B -> G), followed by electrophilic attack of the carbocations (G) at oxetane (G -> H).The former route is followed by the alkoxycarbonylcarbenes and by 40; the ylides derived from the remaining carbenes do not react with methanol, owing to their rapid Stevens rearrangements.Protonation of the carbenes 17b, 31, and 53 is clearly indicated by their product ratios and, for 31, by the formation of isomeric ethers (33, 36).The more electrophilic carbenes discriminate but slightly between oxetane and methanol while the more nucleophilic carbenes (17b, 31, 53) prefer the protic methanol strongly over the aprotic oxetane. Key Words: Carbenes/ Oxygen ylides/ Stevens rearrangement/ Oxonium ions/ Insertion, O-H/ Ylides
TRANSITION-METAL-CATALYZED REACTIONS OF DIAZOCOMPOUNDS, EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED ETHERS BY CARBENE INSERTION INTO THE HYDROXYLIC BOND OF ALCOHOLS
Noels, A. F.,Demonceau, A.,Petiniot, N.,Hubert, A. J.,Teyssie, Ph.
, p. 2733 - 2739 (2007/10/02)
An efficient catalytic synthesis of unsaturated ethers by carbene insertion (with diazoesters as carbene precursors) into the OH bond of unsaturated alcohols is reported.The regioselectivity for the OH insertion is high.However, depending on the catalyst counter-ions and the diazoester alkoxy group, addition to the unsaturated centre can be promoted to some extent, yielding then cyclopropyl and cyclopropenyl carbinols.The mechanistic aspects of the reactions are discussed.