301-04-2 Usage
Description
Lead acetate, also known as lead diacetate, plumbous acetate, sugar of lead, lead sugar, salt of Saturn, and Goulard's powder, is a white crystalline chemical compound with a sweetish taste. It is made by treating lead(II) oxide with acetic acid. Like other lead compounds, it is toxic. Lead acetate is soluble in water and glycerin. With water, it forms the trihydrate, Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O, a colorless or white efflorescent monoclinic crystalline substance.
Uses
Used in Hair Coloring Industry:
Lead acetate is used as a hair coloring agent for men's hair coloring products like Grecian Formula. In low concentrations, it is the principal active ingredient in progressive types of hair coloring dyes, which are applied over a period of time to achieve a gradual coloring effect.
Used in Textile Industry:
Lead acetate is used as a mordant in textile printing and dyeing, which helps to fix dyes onto fabrics.
Used in Paints and Varnishes Industry:
Lead acetate is used as a drier in paints and varnishes, which helps to speed up the drying process.
Used in Analytical Chemistry:
Lead acetate paper is used to detect the poisonous gas hydrogen sulfide. The gas reacts with lead (II) acetate on the moistened test paper to form a grey precipitate of lead (II) sulfide.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Lead acetate solution was a commonly used folk remedy for sore nipples. In modern medicine, for a time, it was used as an astringent, in the form of Goulard's Extract.
Used in Stainless Steel Firearm Suppressors (Silencers) and Compensators:
An aqueous solution of lead (II) acetate is a byproduct of the 50/50 mixture of hydrogen peroxide and white vinegar used in the cleaning and maintenance of stainless steel fire arm suppressors (silencers) and compensators. The solution is agitated by the bubbling action of the hydrogen peroxide, and the main reaction is the dissolution of lead deposits within the suppressor by the acetic acid, which forms lead acetate.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Lead acetate is used as a reagent to make other lead compounds and as a fixative for some dyes.
Used in Cotton Dyes:
Lead acetate is used as a mordant in cotton dyes, which helps to fix the dye onto the fabric.
Used in Metal Coating:
Lead acetate is used for lead coating for metals.
Used in Pigments and Inks:
Lead acetate is used as a drier in pigment inks, which helps to speed up the drying process.
Used in Weighting Silks:
Lead acetate is used in the process of weighting silks.
Used in Manufacture of Lead Salts and Chrome-Yellow:
Lead acetate is used in the manufacture of lead salts and chrome-yellow, a pigment.
Used as an Analytical Reagent:
Lead acetate is used as an analytical reagent for the detection of sulfide and determination of CrO3 and MoO3.
Used as a Sweetener (Historic Use):
Like other lead (II) salts, lead (II) acetate has a sweet taste, which has led to its use as a sugar substitute throughout history. However, due to its recognized toxicity, it is no longer used in the production of sweeteners in most of the world.
Preparation
Lead acetate is prepared by dissolving lead monoxide in strong acetic acid:
PbO + 2CH3COOH → Pb(C2H4O2)2 + H2O
The trihydrate is obtained by dissolving lead monoxide in hot dilute acetic acid solution. Upon cooling, large crystals separate out.
Reactions
Exposure to carbon dioxide yields basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO3?Pb(OH)2, the composition of which may vary with reaction conditions.
Reactions with sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydriodic acid yield lead sulfate PbSO4, lead chloride PbCl2, and lead iodide PbI2, respectively.
Reaction with hydrogen sulfide forms black precipitate of lead sulfide, PbS. A paper soaked with lead acetate solution turns black on exposure to H2S, a test often used to detect sulfide.
Toxicity
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route and possibly by oral route.
LD50 intraperitoneal (mouse):400 mg/kg
Production Methods
Lead acetate is made by dissolving lead monoxide (litharge) or lead carbonate in strong acetic acid. Several types of basic salts are formed when lead acetates are prepared from lead monoxide in dilute acetic acid or at high pH. The basic salts of lead acetate are white crystalline compounds, which are highly soluble in water and dissolve in ethyl alcohol.Lead acetate can be made by boiling elemental lead in acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.
Flammability and Explosibility
Notclassified
Potential Exposure
Lead acetate is used as a color additive in hair dyes; as a mordant in cotton dyes, in the lead
coating of metals; as a drier in paints; varnishes and pigment inks; and in medicinals, such as astringents.
Incompatibilities: A strong reducing agent. Reacts violently
with strong oxidizers, bromates, strong acids; chemically
active metals; phosphates, carbonates, phenols. Contact
with strong acids forms acetic acid. Incompatible with
strong bases: ammonia, amines, cresols, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, sulfites, resorcinol, salicylic
acid, and chloral hydrat
Shipping
UN1616 Lead acetate, Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Purification Methods
Crystallise it twice from anhydrous acetic acid and dry it under vacuum for 24hours at 100o. The solubility in H2O is 63% (at ~20o) and 200% (at boiling point). [Beilstein 2 IV 118.]
Incompatibilities
A strong reducing agent. Reacts violently
with strong oxidizers, bromates, strong acids; chemically
active metals; phosphates, carbonates, phenols. Contact
with strong acids forms acetic acid. Incompatible with
strong bases: ammonia, amines, cresols, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin, sulfites, resorcinol, salicylic
acid, and chloral hydrate
Waste Disposal
Convert to nitrate using nitric
acid; evaporate, then saturate with H2S; wash and dry
the sulfide and ship to the supplier. Consult with
environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on
acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with
EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal
Precautions
Lead (II) acetate, as with any other lead salts, causes lead poisoning.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 301-04-2 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 3,0 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 301-04:
(5*3)+(4*0)+(3*1)+(2*0)+(1*4)=22
22 % 10 = 2
So 301-04-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C2H4O2.Pb.2H/c1-2(3)4;;;/h1H3,(H,3,4);;;/rC2H4O2.H2Pb/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H2
301-04-2Relevant articles and documents
Papiernik, Renee,Hubert-Pfalzgraf, Liliane G.,Massiani, Marie C.
, p. 1657 - 1662 (1991)
Synthesis and characterization of the heterometallic aggregate Pb2Al5(μ3-O)(μ4-O)(μ-OiPr)9(OiPr)3(μ-OAc)3
Pandey, Ashutosh,Gupta, Vishnu D.,N?th, Heinrich
, p. 1291 - 1293 (1999)
A novel heterometallic aggregate Pb2Al5(μ3-O)(μ4-O)(μ- OiPr)9(OiPr)3(μ-OAc)3 obtained from the interaction of Pb(OAc)2 and Al(O-iPr)3 is the first structurally characterized example based on lead and aluminum. This compound has been isolated in high yield and examined by 1H-, 13C-, and 27Al NMR, and in the solid state by X-ray crystallography.
Syntheses of needle-shaped layered perovskite (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4bundles via a two-step processing technique
Ma, Dewei,He, Yidan
, p. 1213 - 1219 (2017)
Similar to the three-dimensional perovskites, two-dimensional (2D) layered lead halide perovskites constitute a particular class of semiconductor materials in the family of perovskites. This article reports syntheses of needle-like bundles of 2D perovskite (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4by a two-step processing technique. The concentration of C6H5CH2NH3I precursor has a great influence on the product, structural and compositional analyses prove the phase and stoichiometry of 2D perovskite (C6H5CH2NH3)2PbI4with high crystallinity for the needle bundles synthesized with concentration of C6H5CH2NH3I higher than 25 mg/mL. Intensive studies on the growth mechanism of the products were carried out; we believe the involvement of C6H5CH2NH3+group determines the layered structure and the final morphology of the products. Photoluminescence measurement show that the needles possess a band-edge emission peak centering around 540 nm and a narrow full width at half maximum of about 30 nm.
Benson, D.,Sutcliffe, L. H.
, p. 246 - 254 (1960)
Synthesis, structure, and properties of solid solutions based on bismuth ferrite
Korchagina,Ivanov,Proidakova, V. Yu.,Rush,Rybakova,Sadovskaya
, p. 568 - 573 (2009/09/24)
Solid solutions of Bi1 - x Pb x Fe1 - x Zr x O3 (x = 0.1-0.2) are synthesized by the methods of liquid-phase and modified solid-phase synthesis. Also, solid solutions of [Bi0.9(Pb0.9/
