9031-11-2 Usage
Description
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE, also known as β-galactosidase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of β-galactosides, such as lactose, into monosaccharides like glucose and galactose. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes and has a wide range of applications in different industries.
Uses
Used in Biochemical Research:
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE is used as a reporter enzyme for monitoring the level of gene expression of a promoter. It serves as a positive control protein with anti-β-galactosidase antibodies, aiding researchers in assessing the efficiency of gene expression systems.
Used in Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA):
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE is used as a conjugated enzyme to an antibody that specifically recognizes a target molecule. This application allows for the detection and quantification of specific substances in biological samples.
Used in Enzymatic Assays:
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE is employed in enzymatic assays for the synthesis of imidazolo-pyrrolidinoses, which are important compounds in various chemical and pharmaceutical applications.
Used in Affinity Chromatography:
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE from bovine testes is used for coupling to Sepharose, a technique employed in affinity chromatography to purify or separate specific molecules based on their affinity to the immobilized enzyme.
Used in Derivatization:
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE may be used for derivatization, such as an enzyme label for IgG, without the need for prior dialysis or gel filtration. This application simplifies the process of attaching enzymes to other molecules for various purposes.
Used in Food Industry:
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE is used in the hydrolysis of whey lactose, a process that helps in the production of lactose-free dairy products and the generation of valuable by-products like galacto-oligosaccharides.
Used in Analytical Chemistry:
BETA1,4-GALACTOSIDASE is used in the production of a stabilized, single reagent for alcohol analysis, which simplifies the process of determining alcohol content in various samples.
Biotechnological Production
b-D-Galactosidase (b-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) hydrolyses the
glycosidic bond of the disaccharide lactose into its monomers glucose and galactose.
Therefore, b-D-galactosidase is also known as lactase. b-D-Galactosidases
can be found throughout nature. Commercial enzymes are mainly of fungal origin
of the genera Kluyveromyces (yeast) and Aspergillus (filamentous ascomycete). Although several b-D-galactosidases are available on the market, new efforts
are still conducted to improve the enzymatic properties by site-directed mutagenesis or to find new b-D-galactosidase genes by screening metagenome databases.
From a technological point of view, the milk sugar lactose is hydrolyzed
because of the resulting increase of sweetness and the reduced susceptibility to
crystallization during spray drying of milk and whey. Nevertheless, the
most apparent application is the production of ‘‘lactose-free’’ milk products, which
enables the consumption of dairy products by lactose-intolerant people.
For industrial processes, b-D-galactosidases can be applied by immobilization
of the enzyme on carriers, such as cellulose, alginate, or other polymers, for
hydrolysis of milk or whey products. Conversion rates of lactose in batch and
continuous operation mode by immobilized b-D-galactosidase might reach 95 %. To reach even lower lactose concentrations of less than 0.01 %, a combination
of b-D-galactosidase activity and ultrafiltration as well as nanofiltration
methods can be used. Besides the degradation of substances that lead to food
intolerances, the elimination of food allergens by means of a specific degradation
of allergenic epitopes is another promising application of enzymes.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Releases β(1→3)- and β(1→6)-linked galactose from the non-reducing end of complex oligosaccharides.
Purification Methods
It is purified 600-fold by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, acetone fractionation and affinity chromatography on agarose substituted with terminal thio-.-galactopyranosyl residues. [Distlern & Jourdian J Biol Chem 248 6772 1973.]
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 9031-11-2 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 9,0,3 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 1 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 9031-11:
(6*9)+(5*0)+(4*3)+(3*1)+(2*1)+(1*1)=72
72 % 10 = 2
So 9031-11-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
