Benzoic acid

Molecular structure of Benzoic acid (CAS NO.65-85-0) is:

Product Name: Benzoic acid
CAS Registry Number: 65-85-0
IUPAC Name: Benzoic acid
Molecular Weight: 122.12134 [g/mol]
Molecular Formula: C₇H₆O₂
H-Bond Donor: 1
H-Bond Acceptor: 2
Melting Point: 121-125 °C(lit.)
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble. 0.34 g/100 mL 
Refractive index: 1.504 
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, alkalies.
Surface Tension: 48.7 dyne/cm
Density: 1.197 g/cm³
Flash Point: 111.4 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 51.4 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 249.3 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 0.0122 mmHg at 25°C
Product Categories: Food additives; Intermediates; Absolute Configuration Determination (Exciton Chirality CD Method); Analytical Chemistry; Enantiomer Excess & Absolute Configuration Determination; Exciton Chirality CD Method (for Hydroxyl Groups); Highly Purified Reagents; Other Categories; Zone Refined Products; Antioxidant; Biochemistry; A-BFlavors and Fragrances; Certified Natural Products; Alphabetical Listings; B; Stable Isotopes; A-B, Puriss p.a. ACS; Analytical Reagents for General Use; Puriss p.a. ACS; A-B; Flavors and Fragrances; BA - BHCarbonyl Compounds; C6Certified Reference Materials (CRMs); Application CRMs; Titrimetry; Titrimetry CRMs; TitrimetryAnalytical Standards; Essential Chemicals; ACS GradeCarbonyl Compounds; C7Pharmacopoeia (USP); Pharmacopoeial OrganicsEssential Chemicals; Carbonyl Compounds; Carboxylic Acids; Pharmacopoeia A-ZPharmacopoeia (USP); Reagent Plus; Routine Reagents; 8000 Series Solidwaste Methods; EPA; Method 8270; C7; BA - BHAnalytical Standards; Cosmetic StandardsApplication; IngredientsChromatography; Preservatives&Antioxidants; Alphabetic; Chromatography; Cosmetics; Food&Beverage Standards; A-BAlphabetic; Alpha Sort; BA - BH; Volatiles/ Semivolatiles

 Benzoic acid (CAS NO.65-85-0) was discovered in the 16th century. The dry distillation of gum benzoin first described by Nostradamus in 1556, and subsequently by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596). Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler determined the structure in 1832.They also investigated how hippuric acid is related to it. In 1875, Salkowski discovered the antifungal abilities of Benzoic acid, which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.

The usage of the Benzoic acid (CAS NO.65-85-0) as following:
1.Feedstock: It is an important precursor for the synthesis of many other organic substances.
2.Food preservative: It and its salts are used as a food preservative. 
3.Medicinal
4.Biology and health effects

 Benzoic acid (CAS NO.65-85-0) is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value.
For all syntheses, it can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. Other possible recrystallization solvents include acetic acid (anhydrous or aqueous), benzene, petroleum ether, and a mixture of ethanol and water.
It can be manufactured by the liquid-phase oxidation of toluene by air in a continuous oxidation reactor operated at moderate pressure and temperature:
        2C₆H₅CH₃ + 3O₂ → 2C₆H₅COOH + 4H₂O
It also can be obtained as a by-product of the manufacture of benzaldehyde from benzal chloride or benzyl chloride.

Hazard Codes: Xn,T
Risk Statements: 22-36-42/43-36/37/38-40-63-43-23/24/25-45
22:  Harmful if swallowed 
36:  Irritating to the eyes 
42/43:  May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact 
36/37/38:  Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin 
40:  Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect 
63:  In case of accident by inhalation, remove casualty to fresh air and keep at rest 
43:  In case of fire, use ... (indicate in the space the precise type of fire-fighting equipment. If water increases the risk add - Never use water) 
23/24/25:  Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 
45:  May cause cancer 
41:  Risk of serious damage to eyes 
37/38:  Irritating to respiratory system and skin 
20/21/22:  Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed
Safety Statements: 26-45-37/39-24-22-36/37-24/25-23-53
26:  In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice 
45:  In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) 
37/39:  Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection 
24:  Avoid contact with skin 
22:  Do not breathe dust 
36/37:  Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves 
24/25:  Avoid contact with skin and eyes 
23:  Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) 
53:  Avoid exposure - obtain special instruction before use 
36:  Wear suitable protective clothing
RIDADR: UN 3077 9/PG 3
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: DG0875000
F: 21
Hazard Note: Harmful

 Benzoic acid , its cas register number is 65-85-0. It also can be called Benzenecarboxylic acid ; Benzeneformic acid ; Benzenemethonic acid ; Carboxybenzene ; Oracylic acid ; phenyl carboxylic acid ; Phenylformic acid .It is a white crystals or powder and slightly soluble in water. At high temperature it can react with oxidizing reagents.Dust may be irritating to nose and eyes. At elevated temperatures, fumes may cause irritation of eyes, respiratory system, and skin.