- Ruthenium-catalysed selective N-monoalkylation of anilines with tetraalkyl-ammonium halides
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Anilines react with an array of tetraalkylammonium halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of a ruthenium catalyst together with SnCl2·2H2O in dioxane at 180°C to afford selectively N-monoalkylanilines in good yields.
- Chan Sik Cho,Joon Seok Kim,Hun Seol Kim,Kim,Sang Chul Shim
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- Copper-catalyzed amination of aromatic halides with 2-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol as solvent
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A copper-catalyzed amination of aromatic halides under mild conditions using N,N-dimethylaminoethanol as solvent is described. We have studied this reaction in some detail varying the copper source, base, water content and other parameters including the scope of useful amine and aromatic halide structures. A variety of 4-halo-N,N-cycloalkylanilines and 2-N,N-cycloalkylaminothiophenes were synthesized for further elaboration into chromophores for optoelectronic applications.
- Lu, Zhikuan,Twieg, Robert J.,Huang, Songping D.
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- Synthesis of quinoline derivatives from anilines and aldehydes catalyzed by Cp2ZrCl2 and recyclable Cp2ZrCl2/MCM-41 system
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A facile method for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives using catalytic amount of Cp2ZrCl2 or Cp2ZrCl2 supported on MCM-41 (Cp2ZrCl2/MCM-41) in reaction of anilines and aldehydes is described. When Cp2ZrCl2/MCM-41 was used as catalyst, the yields of quinolines were enhanced by 5-15% compared with Cp2ZrCl2 as catalyst alone under the same reaction conditions. More importantly, Cp2ZrCl2/MCM-41 catalyst can be reused at least thrice by simple recover via filtration in air. Moreover, both Cp2ZrCl2 and Cp2ZrCl2/MCM-41 showed good catalytic activities to generate corresponding quinoline derivatives in moderate to good yields by varying the substituent of aniline and aldehyde. And the reaction conditions were optimized by studying the influences of reactant ratio, additives, solvent effect and reaction temperatures.
- Guo, Qiaoxia,Liao, Lijun,Teng, Weiling,Ren, Shenyong,Wang, Xiao,Lin, Yingying,Meng, Fanfang
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- Selective Pd-catalyzed monoarylation of small primary alkyl amines through backbone-modification in ylide-functionalized phosphines (YPhos)
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Ylide-substituted phosphines have been shown to be excellent ligands for C-N coupling reactions under mild reaction conditions. Here we report studies on the impact of the steric demand of the substituent in the ylide-backbone on the catalytic activity. Two new YPhos ligands with bulky ortho-tolyl (pinkYPhos) and mesityl (mesYPhos) substituents were synthesized, which are slightly more sterically demanding than their phenyl analogue but considerably less flexible. This change in the ligand design leads to higher selectivities and yields in the arylation of small primary amines compared to previously reported YPhos ligands. Even MeNH2 and EtNH2 could be coupled at room temperature with a series of aryl chlorides in high yields.
- Rodstein, Ilja,Prendes, Daniel Sowa,Wickert, Leon,Paa?en, Maurice,Gessner, Viktoria H.
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- Cupric acetate mediated N-arylation by arylboronic acids: A preliminary investigation into the scope of application
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A range of NH substrates of varying nucleophilicity were reacted with a selection of electronically diverse aryl boronic acids in the presence of cupric acetate in order to evaluate the generality of a previously described N-arylation procedure. The results of that investigation are discussed.
- Cundy, Darren J.,Forsyth, Stewart A.
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- Immobilization of NHC-bearing palladium catalysts on polyvinylpyridine; applications in Suzuki-Miyaura and Hartwig-Buchwald reactions under batch and continuous-flow conditions
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The facile coordinative immobilization of Organ's PEPPSI catalyst on a composite material composed of megaporous glass and polyvinylpyridine is described. The catalyst showed very good performance in Suzuki-Miyaura as well as Hartwig-Buchwald reactions of aryl chlorides under mild conditions and with low catalyst loadings. The modified PEPPSI catalyst was probed both under batch mode and continuous-flow applications. The flow setup was also utilized to shed light on the stability of the PEPPSI catalyst and the mobility of palladium.
- Mennecke, Klaas,Kirschning, Andreas
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- Porous polymeric ligand promoted copper-catalyzed C-N coupling of (hetero)aryl chlorides under visible-light irradiation
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A porous polymeric ligand (PPL) has been synthesized and complexed with copper to generate a heterogeneous catalyst (Cu@PPL) that has facilitated the efficient C-N coupling with various (hetero)aryl chlorides under mild conditions of visible-light irradiation at 80 °C (58 examples, up to 99% yields). This method could be applied to both aqueous ammonia and substituted amines, and is compatible to a variety of functional groups and heterocycles, as well as allows tandem C-N couplings with conjunctive dihalides. Furthermore, the heterogeneous characteristic of Cu@PPL has enabled a straightforward catalyst separation in multiple times of recycling with negligible catalytic efficiency loss by simple filtration, affording reaction mixtures containing less than 1 ppm of Cu residue. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Wang, Erfei,Chen, Kaixuan,Chen, Yinan,Zhang, Jiawei,Lin, Xinrong,Chen, Mao
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- Palladium Complexes Based on Ylide-Functionalized Phosphines (YPhos): Broadly Applicable High-Performance Precatalysts for the Amination of Aryl Halides at Room Temperature
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Palladium allyl, cinnamyl, and indenyl complexes with the ylide-substituted phosphines Cy3P+?C?(R)PCy2 (with R=Me (L1) or Ph (L2)) and Cy3P+?C?(Me)PtBu2 (L3) were prepared and applied as defined precatalysts in C?N coupling reactions. The complexes are highly active in the amination of 4-chlorotoluene with a series of different amines. Higher yields were observed with the precatalysts in comparison to the in situ generated catalysts. Changes in the ligand structures allowed for improved selectivities by shutting down β-hydride elimination or diarylation reactions. Particularly, the complexes based on L2 (joYPhos) revealed to be universal precatalysts for various amines and aryl halides. Full conversions to the desired products are reached mostly within 1 h reaction time at room temperature, thus making L2 to one of the most efficient ligands in C?N coupling reactions. The applicability of the catalysts was demonstrated for aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides together with primary and secondary aryl and alkyl amines, including gram-scale applications also with low catalyst loadings of down to 0.05 mol %. Kinetic studies further demonstrated the outstanding activity of the precatalysts with TOF over 10.000 h?1.
- Tappen, Jens,Rodstein, Ilja,McGuire, Katie,Gro?johann, Angela,L?ffler, Julian,Scherpf, Thorsten,Gessner, Viktoria H.
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supporting information
p. 4281 - 4288
(2020/03/13)
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- Balancing Bulkiness in Gold(I) Phosphino-triazole Catalysis
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The syntheses of a series of 1-phenyl-5-phosphino 1,2,3-triazoles are disclosed, within which, the phosphorus atom (at the 5-position of a triazole) is appended by one, two or three triazole motifs, and the valency of the phosphorus(III) atom is completed by two, one or zero ancillary (phenyl or cyclohexyl) groups respectively. This series of phosphines was compared with tricyclohexylphosphine and triphenylphosphine to study the effect of increasing the number of triazoles appended to the central phosphorus atom from zero to three triazoles. Gold(I) chloride complexes of the synthesised ligands were prepared and analysed by techniques including single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure determination. Gold(I) complexes were also prepared from 1-(2,6-dimethoxy)-phenyl-5-dicyclohexyl-phosphino 1,2,3-triazole and 1-(2,6-dimethoxy)-phenyl-5-diphenyl-phosphino 1,2,3-triazole ligands. The crystal structures thus obtained were examined using the SambVca (2.0) web tool and percentage buried volumes determined. The effectiveness of these gold(I) chloride complexes to serve as precatalysts for alkyne hydration were assessed. Furthermore, the regioselectivity of hydration of but-1-yne-1,4-diyldibenzene was probed.
- Zhao, Yiming,Wakeling, Matthew G.,Meloni, Fernanda,Sum, Tze Jing,van Nguyen, Huy,Buckley, Benjamin R.,Davies, Paul W.,Fossey, John S.
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supporting information
p. 5540 - 5548
(2019/08/07)
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- A Highly Active Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine for Palladium-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl Chlorides
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Ylide-functionalized phosphine ligands (YPhos) were rationally designed to fit the requirements of Buchwald–Hartwig aminations at room temperature. This ligand class combines a strong electron-donating ability comparable to NHC ligands with high steric demand similar to biaryl phosphines. The active Pd species are stabilized by agostic C?H???Pd rather than by Pd–arene interactions. The practical advantage of YPhos ligands arises from their easy and scalable synthesis from widely available, inexpensive starting materials. Benchmark studies showed that YPhos-Pd complexes are superior to the best-known phosphine ligands in room-temperature aminations of aryl chlorides. The utility of the catalysts was demonstrated by the synthesis of various arylamines in high yields within short reaction times.
- Weber, Philip,Scherpf, Thorsten,Rodstein, Ilja,Lichte, Dominik,Scharf, Lennart T.,Goo?en, Lukas J.,Gessner, Viktoria H.
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supporting information
p. 3203 - 3207
(2019/01/09)
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- PREPARATION OF SECONDARY AMINES WITH ELECTROPHILIC N-LINCHPIN REAGENTS
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In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing a secondary amine. In some embodiments, the secondary amine comprises two different groups or two identifical groups. Also provided herein are compositions for use in the preparation of the secondary amine.
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Page/Page column 101-102
(2018/12/13)
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- Chan-Lam cross-coupling reaction based on the Cu2S/TMEDA system
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A catalyst based on the readily available Cu2S/TMEDA system using a stable copper(I) source was developed for the Chan-Lam cross-coupling reaction. The capability of the catalyst was demonstrated with 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one, 1H-benzo[d]imidazole, and 1H-imidazole together with electron-deficient, electron-rich, and sterically demanding boronic acids at room temperature in the presence of atmospheric oxygen to give the cross-coupling products in moderate to excellent yields. In addition, the coupling reaction of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole with several pinacol or neopentylglycol boronates indicated further potential of the catalyst. The reaction conditions tolerate the hydroxyl and bromo functional groups. The catalytic system also enables to synthesize the mono-N-substituted anilines from primary aliphatic amines. However, the two model compounds for the secondary and aromatic amines, piperidine and aniline, do not react. Two sterically demanding products with the restricted C–N bond rotation, synthesized by the N-arylation of 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one with o-tolylboronic acid, enabled to confirm the atropisomers prepared by the Chan-Lam cross-coupling reaction. Furthermore, an example of one-pot Chan-Lam and Suzuki-Miyaura reaction has been reported.
- Janíková, Kate?ina,Jedinák, Luká?,Volná, Tereza,Canka?, Petr
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p. 606 - 617
(2018/01/01)
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- Efficient nickel-catalysed: N -alkylation of amines with alcohols
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The selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols via the borrowing hydrogen strategy represents a prominent sustainable catalytic method, which produces water as the only by-product and is ideally suited for the catalytic transformation of widely available alcohol reaction partners that can be derived from renewable resources. Intensive research has been devoted to the development of novel catalysts that are mainly based on expensive noble metals. However, the availability of homogeneous or heterogeneous non-precious metal catalysts for this transformation is very limited. Herein we present a highly active and remarkably easy-to-prepare Ni based catalyst system for the selective N-alkylation of amines with alcohols, that is in situ generated from Ni(COD)2 and KOH under ligand-free conditions. This novel method is very efficient for the functionalization of aniline and derivatives with a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols as well as diols and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance including halides, benzodioxane and heteroaromatic groups. Several TEM measurements combined with elemental analysis were conducted in order to gain insight into the nature of the active catalyst and factors influencing reactivity.
- Afanasenko, Anastasiia,Elangovan, Saravanakumar,Stuart, Marc C. A.,Bonura, Giuseppe,Frusteri, Francesco,Barta, Katalin
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p. 5498 - 5505
(2018/11/20)
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- Base-assisted, copper-catalyzed N-arylation of (benz)imidazoles and amines with diarylborinic acids
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N-Arylation of (benz)imidazoles and amines with diarylborinic acids as cost-effective aryl source has been efficiently effected via Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed Chan-Lam coupling in assistance of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) in methanol and pyridine (Py) in dichloromethane, respectively, in air at room temperature. The diarylborinic acids could be well accommodated by the Chan-Lam coupling oxidative conditions containing a proper combination of bases and solvents. The steric hindrance appeared to affect the copper-catalyzed N-arylation using the high-order arylboron reagent more significantly than the electronic factors, especially for low reactive anilines and aliphatic amines.
- Guan, Changwei,Feng, Yuanyuan,Zou, Gang,Tang, Jie
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p. 6906 - 6913
(2017/11/03)
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- Practical Singly and Doubly Electrophilic Aminating Agents: A New, More Sustainable Platform for Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation
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Given the importance of amines in a large number of biologically active natural products, active pharmaceutical ingredients, agrochemicals, and functional materials, the development of efficient C-N bond-forming methods with wide substrate scope continues to be at the frontier of research in synthetic organic chemistry. Here, we present a general and fundamentally new synthetic approach for the direct, transition-metal-free preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diaryl-, arylalkyl-, and dialkylamines that relies on the facile single or double addition of readily available C-nucleophiles to the nitrogen atom of bench-stable electrophilic aminating agents. Practical single and double polarity reversal (i.e., umpolung) of the nitrogen atom is achieved using sterically and electronically tunable ketomalonate-derived imines and oximes. Overall, this novel approach represents an operationally simple, scalable, and environmentally friendly alternative to transition-metal-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling methods that are currently used to access structurally diverse secondary amines.
- Kattamuri, Padmanabha V.,Yin, Jun,Siriwongsup, Surached,Kwon, Doo-Hyun,Ess, Daniel H.,Li, Qun,Li, Guigen,Yousufuddin, Muhammed,Richardson, Paul F.,Sutton, Scott C.,Kürti, László
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supporting information
p. 11184 - 11196
(2017/08/21)
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- Room-Temperature CuI-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Iodides and Aryl Bromides
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A general and effective CuI/N′,N′-diaryl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbohydrazide catalyst system was developed for the amination of aryl iodides and bromides at room temperature with good chemoselectivity between -OH and -NH2 groups. Only 5 mol % of CuI and ligands was needed in this protocol to effect the amination of various aryl bromides and aryl iodides with a wide range of aliphatic and aryl amines (1.3 equiv).
- Ding, Xiaomei,Huang, Manna,Yi, Zhou,Du, Dongchen,Zhu, Xinhai,Wan, Yiqian
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p. 5416 - 5423
(2017/05/25)
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- Cs2CO3-Promoted Direct N-Alkylation: Highly Chemoselective Synthesis of N-Alkylated Benzylamines and Anilines
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Herein is described an efficient and chemoselective method for the synthesis of diversely substituted secondary amines in yields up to 98 %. Direct mono-N-alkylation of primary benzylamines and anilines with a wide range of alkyl halides is promoted by a cesium base in the absence of any additive or catalyst. The basicity and solubility of cesium carbonate in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide not only enables mono-N-alkylation of primary amines but also suppresses undesired dialkylation of the desired amines.
- Castillo, Juan-Carlos,Orrego-Hernández, Jessica,Portilla, Jaime
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p. 3824 - 3835
(2016/08/20)
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- Chelating Bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) Rhodium Complexes: Versatile Catalysts for Hydrosilylation Reactions
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NHC-rhodium complexes (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbenes) have been widely used as efficient catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions. However, the substrates were mostly limited to reactive carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) or carbon-carbon multiple bonds. Here, we describe the application of newly-developed chelating bis(tzNHC)-rhodium complexes (tz=1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) for several reductive transformations. With these catalysts, the formal reductive methylation of amines using carbon dioxide, the hydrosilylation of amides and carboxylic acids, and the reductive alkylation of amines using carboxylic acids have been achieved under mild reaction conditions.
- Nguyen, Thanh V. Q.,Yoo, Woo-Jin,Kobayashi, Shu
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supporting information
p. 452 - 458
(2016/02/12)
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- Co(II) PCP Pincer Complexes as Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aromatic Amines with Primary Alcohols
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Efficient alkylations of amines by alcohols catalyzed by well-defined Co(II) complexes are described that are stabilized by a PCP ligand (N,N′-bis(diisopropylphosphino)-N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-diaminobenzene) based on the 1,3-diaminobenzene scaffold. This reaction is an environmentally benign process implementing inexpensive, earth-abundant nonprecious metal catalysts and is based on the acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation concept. A range of primary alcohols and aromatic amines were efficiently converted into mono-N-alkylated amines in good to excellent isolated yields.
- Mastalir, Matthias,Tomsu, Gerald,Pittenauer, Ernst,Allmaier, Günter,Kirchner, Karl
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supporting information
p. 3462 - 3465
(2016/07/26)
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- Air Stable Iron(II) PNP Pincer Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for the Selective Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols
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A series of well-defined iron(II) complexes of the types [Fe(PNP)Br2] and [Fe(PNP)(CO)Br2] with PNP pincer ligands based on triazine and pyridine backbones were prepared and fully characterized. These complexes were tested as catalysts for the alkylation of amines by alcohols. The high-spin complexes [Fe(PNP)Br2] are catalytically inactive. The low-spin complexes [Fe(PNP)(CO)Br2] bearing a carbonyl co-ligand efficiently and selectively convert primary alcohols and aromatic and benzylic amines selectively into mono-N-alkylated amines in good to excellent isolated yields. A mechanistic proposal is given. (Figure presented.).
- Mastalir, Matthias,St?ger, Berthold,Pittenauer, Ernst,Puchberger, Michael,Allmaier, Günter,Kirchner, Karl
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p. 3824 - 3831
(2016/12/16)
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- Divergent Coupling of Alcohols and Amines Catalyzed by Isoelectronic Hydride MnIand FeIIPNP Pincer Complexes
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Herein, we describe an efficient coupling of alcohols and amines catalyzed by well-defined isoelectronic hydride MnIand FeIIcomplexes, which are stabilized by a PNP ligand based on the 2,6-diaminopyridine scaffold. This reaction is an environmentally benign process implementing inexpensive, earth-abundant non-precious metal catalysts, and is based on the acceptorless alcohol dehydrogenation concept. A range of alcohols and amines including both aromatic and aliphatic substrates were efficiently converted in good to excellent isolated yields. Although in the case of Mn selectively imines were obtained, with Fe—exclusively monoalkylated amines were formed. These reactions proceed under base-free conditions and required the addition of molecular sieves.
- Mastalir, Matthias,Glatz, Mathias,Gorgas, Nikolaus,St?ger, Berthold,Pittenauer, Ernst,Allmaier, Günter,Veiros, Luis F.,Kirchner, Karl
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supporting information
p. 12316 - 12320
(2016/08/24)
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- Silica-functionalized CuI: An efficient and selective catalyst for N-benzylation, allylation, and alkylation of primary and secondary amines in water
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Silica-functionalized CuI has been reported as an efficient and selective catalyst for the selective mono-N- and N,N-dibenzylation, allylation, and alkylation of primary amines with benzylic, allylic, and alkyl halides using NaOH as base in aqueous medium. By changing the reaction temperature, mono- or di-benzylation, allylation, or alkylation could be achieved in good yield and selectivity. Secondary amines have also been benzylated, allylated, and alkylated under similar conditions. SiO2-CuI has been characterized by Fourier transform-infrared, atomic absorption spectrometry, thermalgravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, and found to be highly selective and recyclable under the reaction conditions. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.] Copyright
- Shamim, Tahira,Kumar, Vineet,Paul, Satya
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p. 620 - 632
(2014/01/17)
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- Direct amination of phenols under metal-free conditions
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Herein, we disclose the metal-free synthesis of arylamines via the direct amination of phenols using aminating reagents. This reaction procedure uses easy accessible aminating reagents and provides a versatile synthetic route to a broad range of arylamines with various functionalities in good to excellent yield. By using a two-step route of amination and oxidative coupling reaction, we synthesized three naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids: murrayafoline A, mukonine, and clausenine from two commercially available phenols. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Yu, Jianzhong,Wang, Yongtao,Zhang, Peizhi,Wu, Jun
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supporting information
p. 1448 - 1454
(2013/07/26)
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- Copper(I)-catalyzed N-arylation of N1,N3- dibenzylmalonamide and N1,N3-dibutylmalonamide followed by cleavage of the malonyl group with aryl halides under ligand-free conditions
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We primarily developed a practical and convenient protocol to synthesize of aromatic amines based on CuI-catalyzed N-arylation of N1,N 3-dibenzylmalonamide and N1,N3- dibutylmalonamide followed by cleavage of the malonyl group with aryl halides under ligand-free conditions giving good yields.
- Zheng,Xu,Shi,Ren,Lu,Zhou
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p. 1117 - 1122
(2013/05/08)
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- Reductive N-alkylation of nitro compounds to N -Alkyl and N, N -dialkyl amines with glycerol as the hydrogen source
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As the sustainable and promising hydrogen source, here, glycerol was directly used as the hydrogen source for the reductive amination of alcohol using nitrobenzene as the starting material. The amination of alcohols, especially aliphatic alcohols with different structures, was realized, and mono- or disubstituted amines were synthesized with excellent yields. The reaction mechanism was also explored.
- Cui, Xinjiang,Deng, Youquan,Shi, Feng
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p. 808 - 811
(2013/06/27)
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- Development of a general non-noble metal catalyst for the benign amination of alcohols with amines and ammonia
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The N-alkylation of amines or ammonia with alcohols is a valuable route for the synthesis of N-alkyl amines. However, as a potentially clean and economic choice for N-alkyl amine synthesis, non-noble metal catalysts with high activity and good selectivity are rarely reported. Normally, they are severely limited due to low activity and poor generality. Herein, a simple NiCuFeOx catalyst was designed and prepared for the N-alkylation of ammonia or amines with alcohol or primary amines. N-alkyl amines with various structures were successfully synthesized in moderate to excellent yields in the absence of organic ligands and bases. Typically, primary amines could be efficiently transformed into secondary amines and N-heterocyclic compounds, and secondary amines could be N-alkylated to synthesize tertiary amines. Note that primary and secondary amines could be produced through a one-pot reaction of ammonia and alcohols. In addition to excellent catalytic performance, the catalyst itself possesses outstanding superiority, that is, it is air and moisture stable. Moreover, the magnetic property of this catalyst makes it easily separable from the reaction mixture and it could be recovered and reused for several runs without obvious deactivation. Copyright
- Cui, Xinjiang,Dai, Xingchao,Deng, Youquan,Shi, Feng
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supporting information
p. 3665 - 3675
(2013/03/29)
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- Efficient catalytic aryl amination of bromoarenes using 3-iminophosphine palladium(II) chloride
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While pursuing the development of new hydroamination catalysts, a 3-iminophosphine palladium(II) chloride complex [(3IP)PdCl2] was synthesized that has subsequently proven to be an effective precatalyst for the aryl amination of bromoarenes. This (3IP)PdCl2 complex has been utilized in the catalytic aryl amination of both bromobenzene and bromopyridine derivatives, specifically yielding excellent activity in coupling reactions involving bromobenzene, 4-bromotoluene, and 2-bromopyridine. Using a standard set of catalytic conditions, many alkyl and aryl amines have been investigated as coupling partners in the aryl amination of bromoarenes. In general, secondary alkyl amines and ortho-substituted anilines proved to be the best substrates for this reaction, commonly giving quantitative conversion to products, while primary amines and other anilines gave only poor to moderate results. Catalytic screening data, product yields, and full characterization of isolated products are included.
- Samblanet, Danielle C.,Schmidt, Joseph A. R.
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p. 7 - 18,12
(2012/12/12)
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- Ruthenium-catalyzed nitro and nitrile compounds coupling with alcohols: Alternative route for N-substituted amine synthesis
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The one-pot synthesis of N-substituted secondary amines from nitrobenzenes and benzonitriles has been developed (see scheme). This report presents a versatile and simple method for the synthesis of N-substituted amines in excellent yield and high efficiency from nitro and nitrile compounds with alcohols.
- Cui, Xinjiang,Zhang, Yan,Shi, Feng,Deng, Youquan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2587 - 2591
(2011/04/12)
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- Copper-mediated aryl amination: In situ generation of an active copper(I) species
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We have developed novel conditions for copper-mediated aryl amination by using a combination of easy-to-handle and inexpensive Cu(OAc) 2·H2O and phenylhydrazine. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart . New York.
- Komori, Takashi,Satoh, Nobuhiro,Yokoshima, Satoshi,Fukuyama, Tohru
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experimental part
p. 1859 - 1862
(2011/09/15)
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- N-butyllithium-mediated reactions of 1-(2-azidoarylmethyl)-1H- benzotriazoles with alkyl halides
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Treatment of 1-(2-azidoarylmethyl)-1H- benzotriazoles (6) with n-BuLi (2.5 equiv.) in THF at -78°C, followed by an addition of alkyl halides such as allyl, benzyl, and ethyl bromides with stirring for 2 h at room temperature afforded 2-(dialkylamino)-3-(benzotriazol- 1-yl)-2H-indazoles (8), 3-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-2H-indazoles (9), 2-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]arylamine (10), and 2-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)(alkyl) methyl]arylamine (11).
- Kim, Taehoon,Kim, Kyongtae
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experimental part
p. 98 - 111
(2010/04/23)
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- Sulfonato-Cu(salen) complex catalyzed N-arylation of aliphatic amines with aryl halides in water
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A water-soluble sulfonato-Cu(salen) complex catalyzed procedure for the N-arylation of simple aliphatic amines, amino alcohols and amino acids in pure water have been developed. A variety of substituted aryl iodides, bromides and electron-deficient chlorides were found to be applicable, and 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles could be prepared easily by a cascade amination/condensation process in this catalytic system.
- Wu, Zhiqing,Zhou, Li,Jiang, Zhaoqiong,Wu, Di,Li, Zhengkai,Zhou, Xiangge
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experimental part
p. 4971 - 4975
(2010/11/03)
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- PARACYCLOPHANE-BASED LIGANDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE IN CATALYSIS
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A substituted paracyclophane is described of formula (I) wherein X1 and X2 are linking groups comprising between 2 to 4 carbon atoms, Y1 and Y2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halide, oxygen, nitrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and Z is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, aryl group or heteroaryl group. Preferably X1 and X2 are -(C2H4)- and Z is a substituted aryl group. The substituted paracyclophane provides transition metal catalysts that are useful in C-C and C-N bond formation and asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.
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Page/Page column 12
(2009/04/25)
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- Paracyclophane-based monophosphine ligand for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides
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A new [2.2]paracyclophane-based electron-rich and sterically bulky monophosphine ligand has been synthesized by an efficient and straightforward method. When combined with palladium, this ligand shows excellent performance in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of various aryl chlorides. In both types of reactions, ortho-substituted, deactivated aryl chlorides are shown to be viable substrates. However, the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling appears to be easier, with palladium loading at 0.1 mol% being feasible. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009.
- Ruan, Jiwu,Shearer, Lee,Mo, Jun,Bacsa, John,Zanotti-Gerosa, Antonio,Hancock, Fred,Wu, Xiaofeng,Xiao, Jianliang
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experimental part
p. 3236 - 3242
(2009/10/23)
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- BICYCLIC MONOPHOSPHINES
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A compound of formula (I): wherein: RP1 and RP2 are independently selected from C3-12 alkyl groups; RC is a C5-6 aryl group, optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from: C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, halo, NH2, C1-7alkylamino, di-C1-7alkylamino, and C5-6 aryl; RA1 and RA2 are independently selected from H, Cl, and an optionally substituted group selected from: C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, C1-7 alkylthio and C5-6 aryl, wherein the optional substituents are selected from: C1-7 alkyl, C1-7 alkoxy, halo, NH2, C1-7alkylamino, di-C1-7alkylamino, and C5-6 aryl.
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Page/Page column 19-21
(2009/12/23)
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- Reactions of arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides with aliphatic triorganoindium compounds
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The reaction of various arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides with aliphatic triorganoindium compounds is described. Surprisingly, with triethyl- or tributylindium we obtained N-ethyl- or N-butylanilines, respectively. This is the first case in which, at least formally, the reactive site of a diazonium salt is the nitrogen atom directly bonded to the aromatic ring. In contrast, with trimethylindium we obtained only formaldehyde (aryl)hydrazones. In order to explain the difference between trimethyl- and triethylindium we have proposed some reaction mechanisms, supported by detailed density functional (DFT) calculations. The possible role of diazene/hydrazone tautomerism initially assumed was discarded and therefore three mechanisms for the key step (nucleophilic addition of the trialkylindium to the N=N double bond of diazene) were studied. For the favoured mechanism there is a difference in the energy barriers of 2 kcalmol-1 between the reactions with trimethyl- and triethylindium. This difference is explained on the basis of the different C-In bond energies in the two organometallics and it is assumed to be enough to explain their different behaviour under the experimental conditions. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
- Barbero, Margherita,Cadamuro, Silvano,Dughera, Stefano,Ghigo, Giovanni
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scheme or table
p. 862 - 868
(2009/04/11)
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- A mild inter- and intramolecular amination of aryl halides with a combination of CuI and CsOAc
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A unique combination of CuI and CsOAc was found to catalyze aryl amination under mild conditions. The reaction takes place at room temperature or at 90 °C with broad functional group compatibility. The intramolecular reaction was able to form five-, six-, and seven-membered rings with various protecting groups on the nitrogen atom. The scope of the intermolecular amination, as well as its applications to unsymmetrical N,N′-dialkylated phenylenediamines, was investigated.
- Kubo, Tetsuji,Katoh, Chiharu,Yamada, Ken,Okano, Kentaro,Tokuyama, Hidetoshi,Fukuyama, Tohru
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experimental part
p. 11230 - 11236
(2009/04/11)
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- Electron-rich, bicyclic biaryl-like KITPHOS monophosphines via [4+2] cycloaddition between 1-alkynylphosphine oxides and anthracene: Highly efficient ligands for palladium-catalysed C-N and C-C bond formation
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Electron-rich, bicyclic biaryl-like KITPHOS monophosphines have been prepared via Diels-Alder cycloaddition between 1-alkynylphosphine oxides and anthracene in an operationally straightforward and highly modular synthetic protocol that will allow access to an architecturally and electronically diverse family of ligands. Palladium complexes of these ligands are highly efficient catalysts for the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of a wide range of aryl chlorides, which for the vast majority of substrate combinations outperform their o-(dicyclohexylphosphino) biphenyl-based counterparts.
- Doherty, Simon,Knight, Julian G.,Smyth, Catherine H.,Jorgenson, Graeme A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1801 - 1806
(2009/07/25)
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- One-pot reductive mono-N-alkylation of aniline and nitroarene derivatives using aldehydes
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(Chemical Equation Presented) One-pot reductive mono-N-alkylation of aniline and nitroarene derivatives using various aldehydes by Pd/C catalyst in aqueous 2-propanol solvent with ammonium formate as in situ hydrogen donor is illustrated. The reaction proceeded smoothly and selectively with excellent yield at room temperature. Our protocol presents a facile, economical, and environmentally benign alternative for reductive amination.
- Byun, Eunyoung,Hong, Bomi,De Castro, Kathlia A.,Lim, Minkyung,Rhee, Hakjune
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p. 9815 - 9817
(2008/03/27)
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- Selective N-monoalkylation of anilines catalyzed by a cationic ruthenium(II) compound
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[(PPh3)2Ru(CH3CN)3Cl][BPh4] has been found to catalyze the selective monoalkylation of anilines by alcohols.
- Naskar, Sipra,Bhattacharjee, Manish
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p. 3367 - 3370
(2008/02/12)
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- Triazole-based monophosphine ligands for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides
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A variety of triazole-based monophosphines (ClickPhos) have been prepared via efficient 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of readily available azides and acetylenes. Their palladium complexes provided excellent yields in the amination reactions and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions of unactivated aryl chlorides. Ligand 7i, which has a 2,6-dimethoxybenzene moiety, provided good results in Suzuki-Miyaura reaction to form hindered biaryls. A CAChe model for the Pd/7i complex shows that the likelihood of a Pd-arene interaction might be a rationale for its high catalytic reactivity.
- Dai, Qian,Gao, Wenzhong,Liu, Duan,Kapes, Lea M.,Zhang, Xumu
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p. 3928 - 3934
(2007/10/03)
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- Reductive monoalkylation of aromatic and aliphatic nitro compounds and the corresponding amines with nitriles
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A simple, selective, rapid, and efficient procedure for the synthesis of secondary amines from the reductive alkylation of either aliphatic or aromatic nitro compounds and the corresponding amines is reported. Ammonium formate is used as the hydrogen source and Pd/C as the hydrogen transfer catalyst. The reaction is carried out at room temperature. The rate differences for the preferential formation of secondary over tertiary products are due to both steric and electronic factors.
- Nacario, Ruel,Kotakonda, Shailaja,Fouchard, David M. D.,Tillekeratne, L. M. Viranga,Hudson, Richard A.
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p. 471 - 474
(2007/10/03)
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- Dialkylphosphinoimidazoles as new ligands for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl chlorides
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N-Aryl-2-(dialkylphosphino)imidazoles and -benzimidazoles are conveniently prepared in one step from the corresponding heterocycles by selective deprotonation and quenching with chlorophosphines. The novel ligands are easily tunable and show good to excellent performance in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reactions and Buchwald-Hartwig aminations of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides.
- Harkal, Surendra,Rataboul, Franck,Zapf, Alexander,Fuhrmann, Christa,Riermeier, Thomas,Monsees, Axel,Beller, Matthias
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p. 1742 - 1748
(2007/10/03)
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- New ligands for a general palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides
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The synthesis and application of monodentate N-substituted heteroarylphosphines is described. In general, the ligands are conveniently prepared by selective metallation at the 2-position of the respective N-substituted heterocycle (pyrrole, indole) by using n-butyllithium/ tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) followed by quenching with dialkyl- or diarylchlorophosphines. Of the different ligands prepared, the new dialkyl-2-(N-arylindolyl)phosphines (cataCXium P) perform excellently in the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides. Coupling of both activated and deactivated chloroarenes proceeds under mild conditions (room temperature to 60°C). By using optimized conditions remarkable catalyst productivity (total turnover number, TON, up to 8000) and activity (turnover frequency, TOF = 14000 h-1 at 75% conversion) are observed.
- Rataboul, Franck,Zapf, Alexander,Jackstell, Ralf,Harkal, Surendra,Riermeier, Thomas,Monsees, Axel,Dingerdissen, Uwe,Beller, Matthias
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p. 2983 - 2990
(2007/10/03)
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- NITROGEN-CONTAINING MONODENTATE PHOSPHINES AND THEIR USE IN CATALYSIS
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The present invention relates to novel nitrogen-containing monodentate phosphane ligands of formula (I) and to their use in catalytic reactions, especially in the improvement of haloaromatic compounds.
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- A general procedure to selectively prepare N-alkylanilines by an unexpected reaction of (Z)-(tert-butylsulfanyl)(aryl)diazenes with alkyllithium reagents
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A general procedure has been set up to prepare, selectively, the N-monoalkylanilines 7, reacting (Z)-(tert-butylsulfanyl)(aryl)diazenes 3 with alkyllithium 6 (MeLi, BuLi, s-BuLi, n-C6H13Li). The reactions were carried out in anhydrous diethyl ether at 0°C or - 78°C, depending on the reagent 6, and then at room temperature. In optimal conditions the yields of the pure products 7 (uncontaminated by dialkylation products) were from good to excellent: for 38 considered examples, 34 were positive with yields varying between 61percent and 91percent (average yield 78percent). Collateral proofs were carried out to support a hypothesized reaction mechanism.
- Barbero, Margherita,Degani, Iacopo,Dughera, Stefano,Fochi, Rita
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p. 742 - 750
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Secondary Arylamines through Copper-Mediated Intermolecular Aryl Amination
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(Equation presented) A mild intermolecular copper-mediated amination of aryl iodides has been developed. The reaction takes place at room temperature or heating at 90°C and tolerates halogens attached to the aromatic ring. Its synthetic applications include a synthetic protocol for unsymmetrical N,N′-dialkylated phenylenediamines and both a stepwise and a general synthetic method for N-aryl secondary amines via Ns-anilides (readily obtained by reaction of the Ns-amide).
- Okano, Kentaro,Tokuyama, Hidetoshi,Fukuyama, Tohru
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p. 4987 - 4990
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of quinolines via ruthenium-catalysed amine exchange reaction between anilines and trialkylamines
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Anilines react with an array of trialkylamines in the presence of a catalytic amount of RuCl3*nH2O and bis(diphenylphosphino)methane together with SnCl2*2H2O and hex-1-ene as hydrogen acceptor in dioxane at 180 deg C to afford the corresponding 2,3-disubstituted quinolines in moderate to good yields.
- Cho, Chan Sik,Oh, Byoung Ho,Kim, Joon Seok,Kim, Tae-Jeong,Shim, Sang Chul
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p. 1885 - 1886
(2007/10/03)
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- High-pressure alkylation of azomethines 1. Synthesis of N-monoalkylanilines
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Reaction of anils with alkyl halides under high pressure (10 kbar) was studied. Alkylation in polar media (dioxane or acetonitrile) followed by hydrolysis yields pure N-monoalkylanilines in high yields. Optimum conditions for high-pressure alkylation were found.
- Agafonov,Dudin,Preobrazhenskii,Zhulin
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p. 1005 - 1007
(2007/10/03)
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- Cleavage of the etheric bond in cyclopentadienyliron phenolphthalein complexes
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The reaction of aliphatic primary amines with phenolphthalein-containing dicyclopentadienyliron complexes led to etheric bond cleavage. This unique cleavage reaction is due to nucleophilic attack by the amines ipso to the etheric group of the complexed arene, which is activated by coordination to the cationic cyclopentadienyliron moiety.
- Abd-El-Aziz,Bernardin,Tran
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p. 1835 - 1838
(2007/10/03)
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