- Biodegradation of Nonionic Surfactants. I. Biotransformation of 4-(1-Nonyl)phenol by a Candida maltosa Isolate
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Results are reported concerning biodegradation of 4-(1-nonyl)phenol by cultures of a Candida maltosa strain isolated from aerobic sludge samples collected at a depuration plant treating wastewaters from a textile industry. The yeast was able to utilize 4-(1-nonyl)phenol as a sole carbon and energy source. Preliminary attempts to draw the actual metabolic pathway evidenced microbial attack on the alkyl chain with the production of 4-acetylphenol. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report describing a microorganism capable of attacking nonylphenol in axenic culture and at the same time allowing for the identification of its degradation products.
- Corti, A.,Frassinetti, S.,Vallini, G.,D'Antone, S.,Fichi, C.,Solaro, R.
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- PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF HYDROXYARYL-ALDHYDES AND KETONES AND THEIR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROXYARYL OXIME DERIVATIVES
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A process for the purification of hydroxyaryl aldehydes and ketones comprising the following steps; 1) adding a mineral acid to a first composition comprising a hydroxyaryl aldehyde or a hydroxyaryl ketone; 2) washing the mixture obtained in step 1 with water; 3) isolating a second composition comprising a hydroxyaryl aldehyde or a hydroxyaryl ketone from step 2.
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- Characterization of biliary metabolites of 4-n-nonylphenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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1. [R-2,6-3H]-4-n-nonylphenol was synthesized and a single dose (5 mg, 1850 KBq) orally administered to rainbow trout. After 48 h, the radioactivity present in the bile amounted 5.5%. More than ten biliary metabolites were separated by hplc and collected for subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. The metabolic profile was totally modified by β-glucuronidase hydrolysis, showing that most of the metabolites were glucuronic acid conjugates. 2. Conjugated metabolites were identified by lc-ms analysis and their aglycones were analysed by gc-ms analysis as TMS and acetyl derivatives. 3. The major metabolite accounted for 52 ± 11% of the biliary radioactivity and was identified as nonylphenol-glucuronide. 4. Nonylphenol was hydroxylated at both ω and ω-1 positions of the alkyl chain, giving 9-hydroxynonylphenol and 8-hydroxynonylphenol. 5. 9-Hydroxynonylphenol was oxidized to the corresponding acid, and subsequently β-oxidized, yielding 7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptanoic acid, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid.
- Thibaut,Debrauwer,Rao,Cravedi
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p. 745 - 757
(2007/10/03)
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- Dissolving metal reduction with crown ether --- reductive demethylation of mono-, di- and trimethoxybenzene derivatives with toluene radical anion
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Toluene radical anion generated from potassium metal and toluene with the assistance of crown ether has been proved effective for reductive demethylation of methoxybenzene derivatives.
- Ohsawa,Hatano,Kayoh,Kotabe,Oishi
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p. 5555 - 5558
(2007/10/02)
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- Paired Mannich condensates of alkyl phenols
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Normally liquid final Mannich condensates prepared by reacting a para C1 -C15 alkyl phenol with formaldehyde and a first polyoxyalkylene diamine to form an intermediate Mannich condensate that is reacted with formaldehyde and a second polyoxyalkylene diamine to form a final Mannich condensate, the first and second polyoxyalkylene diamines having the formula: STR1 wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl and R' represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or cyanoethyl group, and n represents positive numbers having a value of 1 to about 6, the final Mannich condensate having the formula: STR2 wherein X and Y are polyoxyalkylene amine groups derived from the first and second polyoxyalkylene diamines and formaldehyde.
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- Synthesis, Spectral Data and Extraction of Copper by 1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-alkylphenyl)-1-alkanone Oximes
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1-(2'-Hydroxy-5'-alkylphenyl)-1-ethanone oximes with a normal alkyl group containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms and 1-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-1-alkanone oximes containing 1 to 11 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain were synthesized.Spectral data (u.v., i.r., n.m.r. and 13C) of oximes are reported.Four of these oximes were used for copper extraction from acidic solution.The results obtained indicate, that these oximes are better extractants than alkyl derivatives of 2-hydroxybenzophenone oximes.
- Krzyzanowska, Ewa,Olszanowski, A.,Juskowiak, M.
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p. 617 - 630
(2007/10/02)
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- RECHERCHES SUR LES SUBSTANCES MESOGENES-VIII; PREPARATION ET PROPERTIES MESOMORPHES DE SERIES ISOMETRIQUES
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The synthesis and the mesomorphic properties of various series of isometric mesogenic compounds are described.It is confirmed that isometric mesogenic molecules may be nematogenic and/or smectogenic according to the position of the polar rigid core.
- Malthete, Jacques,Canceill, Josette,Gabard, Jacqueline,Jacques, Jean
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p. 2815 - 2821
(2007/10/02)
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