- Esterifications of carboxylic acids and alcohols catalyzed by Al 2(SO4)3 · 18H2O under solvent-free condition
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Esterifications of equimolar mixture of carboxylic acids and alcohols can be effectively catalyzed by Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O under solvent-free condition. The esterification catalyzed by Al2(SO4)3 · 18H2O is a promising green method thanks to no need of organic solvent, no pollution, no causticity and ease to handle after reaction. This catalyst is of a low toxicity (usually it is used as purifying agent for drinking water), low-cost compound and is easily separated from the reaction mixture by simple filtration. Moreover, the catalyst can be recycled for the further esterification and the conversion does not evidently decrease.
- Gang, Li,Wenhui, Pang
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experimental part
p. 559 - 565
(2011/01/07)
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- Sustained release pharmaceutical compositions
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The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a salt of quaternary ammonium of an acid drug in the form of a suspension or an emulsion, suitable for parenteral administration and providing a sustained release of the drug. In one preferred embodiment, the present invention is directed to a long term sustained release composition for parenteral administration, comprising a salt of heparin or low molecular weight heparin in an emulsion with a salt of acylcholine, for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
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Page/Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Palladium(II)-mediated oxidation of alcohols using 1,2-dichloroethane as Pd(0) reoxidant
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The oxidation of primary and secondary, saturated, allylic or benzylic, alcohols is carried out in 1,2-dichloroethane at reflux using catalytic amounts of both PdCl2 and Adogen 464 in the presence of an excess of sodium carbonate. High selectivities are obtained from saturated and benzylic, secondary alcohols. Primary alcohols afford mixtures of aldehydes and esters. The migration of the double bond of α,β-unsaturated alcohols is a competing reaction. It is clearly shown that 1,2-dichloroethane reoxidizes the Pd(0) species.
- Ait-Mohand,Henin,Muzart
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p. 2473 - 2476
(2007/10/02)
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