- A highly efficient palladium-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl alkyl thioethers under mild conditions in water
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A palladium-catalyzed, one-pot synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl alkyl thioethers involving aryl halides (aryl bromides and chlorides), thiourea and alkyl bromides has been realized under mild conditions (room temperature to 50 °C) in water with polyoxyethanyl α-tocopheryl sebacate (PTS) as amphiphile. The PTS/water could be recycled in up to eight runs without an obvious change in its activity. Copyright
- Wang, Liang,Zhou, Wei-You,Chen, Sheng-Chun,He, Ming-Yang,Chen, Qun
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- Efficient copper(I)-catalyzed C-S cross coupling of thiols with aryl halides in water
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CuI efficiently catalyzes the C-S cross coupling of thiols with aryl halides in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide in water. The reactions with aryl thiols that have electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents are comparable and afford C-S cross-coupling products in high yield. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
- Rout, Laxmidhar,Saha, Prasenjit,Jammi, Suribabu,Punniyamurthy, Tharmalingam
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- Reactivity of a β-diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl complex toward small molecules
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The reactivity of the magnesium alkyl {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(nBu)}2 (1) toward various small molecules provides access to a variety of magnesium derivatives. For example, the insertion of elemental chalcogens (S8 and Se8) into the Mg-C bond of complex 1 gives the dimeric magnesium thiolate {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-SnBu)}2 (2), magnesium selenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(SenBu)(THF) (3), and magnesium diselenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(Se2nBu)(THF) (4). Meanwhile, compound 4 can be readily obtained by further insertion of one selenium atom into complex 3. Moreover, the reactions of complex 1 with diphenyl dichalcogenides (PhSSPh and PhSeSePh) by σ bond metathesis afford the corresponding magnesium phenyl chalcogenolates [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(EPh)(THF) (E = S 5, Se 6) concomitant with PhEnBu release. Furthermore, the treatment of complex 1 with benzonitrile and phenyl isothiocyanate produces the serendipitous magnesium-1-azaallyl complex [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(N(H)C(Ph)CHC3H7)(DME) (7) and the diimino-thioamidato magnesium compound {κ3-N,N′,N′′-(ArNCMe)2[N(Ph)CS]CH}Mg[(Ph)NC(nBu)S] (8) (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). In addition, deprotonation occurs between compound 1 and 1-methylimidazole to generate the imidazolyl complex {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-Im)}2 (9) (Im = 2-N-methylimidazolyl). These results indicated that the butylmagnesium complex 1 possesses high activity toward small molecules and revealed several unusual transformations. All the new compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, and their solid-state structures were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
- Ren, Wenshan,Zhang, Shaohui,Xu, Ziyi,Ma, Xuebing
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- C-S cross-coupling of aryl halides with alkyl thiols catalyzed by in-situ generated nickel(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes
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The C-S cross-coupling of aryl halides with alkyl thiols catalyzed by in-situ generated Ni (II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes is investigated. Good to excellent yields can be obtained for a variety of aryl halides when using 5 mol% of the Ni (II)-NHC catalyst and 1.5 eq. of KOtBu. Both the electronic and steric effects of the NHC ligands on the catalytic performance of Ni (II)-NHC, as well as the electronic effects of aryl halides on coupling reactivity are examined. The mechanism for Ni (II)-NHC catalyzed coupling reactions is also discussed.
- Guo, Fang-Jie,Sun, Jing,Xu, Zhao-Qing,Kühn, Fritz E.,Zang, Shu-Liang,Zhou, Ming-Dong
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- The effect of inert salts on the structure of the transition state in the SN2 reaction between thiophenoxide ion and butyl chloride
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The effect of inert salts on the structure of the transition state has been determined by measuring the secondary α deuterium and the chlorine leaving group kinetic isotope effects for the SN2 reaction between n-butyl chloride and thiophenoxide ion in both methanol and DMSO. The smaller secondary α deuterium isotope effects and very slightly larger chlorine isotope effects found in both solvents when the inert salt is present suggests that the SN2 transition state is tighter and more product-like, with a shorter S - Cα and very a slightly longer Cα - Cl bond when the added salt is present. The salt effect on the reaction in methanol where the reacting nucleophile is the solvent-separated ion-pair complex is much greater than the salt effect on the reaction in DMSO where the reacting nucleophile is the free ion. This greater change in transition-state structure found when the inert salt is present in methanol is consistent with the solvation rule for SN2 reactions. The greater change in the S - Cα bond is predicted by the bond strength hypothesis. A rationale for the changes found in transition-state structure when the inert salt is present is suggested for both the free-ion and the ion-pair reactions.
- Westaway, Kenneth Charles,Gao, Ying,Fang, Yao-ren
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- Nano CoCuFe2O4-catalyzed coupling reaction of arylboronic acid with amines and thiols: An atom-economic and ligand-free route to access unsymmetrical amines and sulfides
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An efficient protocol was developed for the nano CoCuFe2O4-catalyzed C-N and C-S bond formation. By this catalytic system, both amine and sulfide-based structural motifs were formed efficiently in aryl halide-free route. The amination reaction of phenyl boronic acid with various types of amines was conducted under ligand-free conditions, in ethanol as a green solvent at 60°C. Unsymmetrical diaryl/aryl alkyl sulfide synthesis via the coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with thiols was also conducted. The nano cobalt-copper ferrite was used as a heterogenous efficient, inexpensive, magnetically separable and recyclable catalyst that can be used for several cycles.
- Moghaddam, Firouz Matloubi,Pourkaveh, Raheleh,Gholamtajari, Milad
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- Copper oxide nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide-Catalyzed S-arylation: An efficient and ligand-free synthesis of aryl sulfides
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Copper oxide nanoparticles that are supported on graphene oxide as a catalytic system have been utilized for ligand-free and solvent-free C-S cross-coupling reactions with weak bases such as tri- ethylamine. Symmetrical/unsymmetrical aryl sulfides have been synthesized by the coupling of different aryl halides with aromatic as well as aliphatic sulfides. Surprisingly, aryl chlorides also well reacted with different types of sulfides in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and cesium carbonate. Besides, this catalytic system is suitable for the synthesis of phenothiazines via cascade C-S and C-N cross-coupling of ortho-dihalides and ortho-aminobenzothiazoles. In addition, this alternative approach is extremely useful for the synthesis of a variety of symmetrical diaryl sulfides by using thiourea as a sulfur source that is devoid of the foul smell of thiols. Indeed, the calculated E-factor value of our present protocol is 2.52. Furthermore, this protocol is particularly attractive as an environmentally benign and practical method for the synthesis of different aryl sulfides. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalytic system described in this process represents not only a greener approach but retains its significant activity for up to six catalytic cycles.
- Kamal, Ahmed,Srinivasulu, Vunnam,Murty,Shankaraiah, Nagula,Nagesh, Narayana,Reddy, T. Srinivasa,Subba Rao
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- The Palladium Catalyzed Nucleophilic Substitution of Aryl Halides by Thiolate Anions
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In the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, phenyl and methyl or methoxyphenyl iodides and bromides were found to react with thiolate anions in alcoholic solvents, to give the corresponding aryl sulfides in excellent yield.The reaction is useful to prepare symmetrical or unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides and aryl alkyl sulfides.The reaction mechanism does not involve aryl halide radical anions, but is thought to involve oxidative addition of aryl halide to Pd(0), nucleophilic substitution on the adduct followed by reductive elimination.
- Migita, Toshihiko,Shimizu, Tomiya,Asami, Yoriyoshi,Shiobara, Yun-ichi,Kato, Yasuki,Kasugi, Masonari
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- Reductive cleavage of S-S bond by Zn/AlCl3 system: A novel method for the synthesis of sulfides from alkyl tosylates and disulfides
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Alkyl and aryl disulfides are reduced by zinc powder in the presence of AlCl3 in aqueous media to yield zinc thiolates. This thiolate anion species then react with alkyl tosylates to give sulfides in high execellent yields.
- Movassagh, Barahman,Mossadegh, Amir
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- Efficient ligand-free nickel-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling of thiols with aryl iodides
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NiCl2·6H2O efficiently catalyzes the C-S bond formation by the cross-coupling of aryl iodides with thiols in tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) in excellent yield. The reaction functions in air and the NiLn-TBAB can be recovered and recycled without the loss of activity.
- Jammi, Suribabu,Barua, Priyanka,Rout, Laxmidhar,Saha, Prasenjit,Punniyamurthy, Tharmalingam
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- The reaction between diphenyliodonium iodide and disulfides in the presence of a Zn/AlCl3 system: A convenient method for the synthesis of organic sulfides
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A convenient method for the synthesis of alkyl aryl- and diaryl sulfides by the reaction of diphenyliodonium iodide and disulfides in the presence of Zn/AlCl3 system in acetonitrile is reported. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc.
- Movassagh, Barahman,Mossadegh, Amir
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- Reductive cleavage of S-S bond by Zn/AlCl3 system: A novel method for the synthesis of sulfides from alkyl tosylates and disulfides
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Alkyl and aryl disulfides are reduced by zinc powder in the presence of AlCl3 in aqueous media to yield zinc thiolates. These thiolate anion species then react with alkyl tosylates to give sulfides in high to excellent yields.
- Movassagh, Barahman,Mossadegh, Amir
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- Nano indium oxide as a recyclable catalyst for C-S cross-coupling of thiols with aryl halides under ligand free conditions
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An efficient ligand-free C-S cross-coupling of aryl halides with aromatic/alkyl thiols has been developed using a catalytic amount of nanocrystalline indium oxide as a recyclable catalyst with KOH as the base in DMSO at 135 °C. A variety of aryl sulfides can be synthesized in excellent yields utilizing this protocol.
- Reddy, Vutukuri Prakash,Kumar, Akkilagunta Vijay,Swapna, Kokkirala,Rao, Kakulapati Rama
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- Efficient CuO-nanoparticle-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling of thiols with iodobenzene
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Cheap but good: Readily available CuO nanoparticles are not only less expensive than other catalysts used for the C-S cross-coupling of thiols with aryl halides, but they are also effective at a moderate temperature and low concentration. The title reaction proceeds with a variety of alkyl and aryl thiols to give the corresponding sulfides in high yields (see scheme).
- Rout, Laxmidhar,Sen, Tamal K.,Punniyamurthy, Tharmalingam
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- Nano-CuFe2O4 as a magnetically separable and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of diaryl/aryl alkyl sulfides via cross-coupling process under ligand-free conditions
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An efficient protocol was developed for the CuFe2O4 nanopowder-catalyzed aryl-sulfur bond formation between aryl halide and thiol/disulfide. A variety of aryl sulfides were synthesized in impressive yields with good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance in the presence of a catalytic amount of CuFe2O4, Cs2CO 3 as base, in nitrogen atmosphere, under ligand-free conditions, in DMSO as solvent at 100 °C. The catalyst is air-stable, inexpensive, magnetically separable and recyclable up to four cycles.
- Swapna, Kokkirala,Murthy, Sabbavarapu Narayana,Jyothi, Mocharla Tarani,Nageswar, Yadavalli Venkata Durga
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- Rhodium-catalyzed carbonylative coupling of alkyl halides with thiols: a radical process faster than easier nucleophilic substitution
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How to make a carbonylative coupling faster than the easier nucleophilic substitution? In this communication, a rhodium-catalyzed radical-based carbonylative coupling of alkyl halides with thiolphenols has been realized. Thioesters were isolated in good y
- Ai, Han-Jun,Rabeah, Jabor,Brückner, Angelika,Wu, Xiao-Feng
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supporting information
p. 1466 - 1469
(2021/02/21)
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- Exploration of the mechanism and scope of the CuI/DABCO catalysed C–S coupling reaction
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A cost effective and easily available CuI/DABCO catalytic system has been developed for the C–S cross-coupling reaction. This method is extremely useful for the thioetherification of aryl and heteroaryl halides, providing excellent yields and good chemoselectivity. We have also explored the mechanism of the reaction using DFT studies.
- Thomas, Anns Maria,Sherin,Asha, Sujatha,Manojkumar,Anilkumar, Gopinathan
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supporting information
(2019/12/26)
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- Photoinduced syntheses and reactivities of phosphorus-containing interelement compounds
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The photoinduced reactions of tetraphenyldiphosphine disulfide with a range of organic dichalcogenides successfully afforded a series of phosphorus(V)-chalcogen interelement compounds via a radical process. The relative reactivities of the organic dichalcogenides (i.e., (PhS)2, (PhSe)2, and (PhTe)2) toward the PIII or PV groups in the diphosphine analogues under light were investigated in detail, and a convenient method was developed to form P-S or P-Se interelement compounds from tetraphenyldiphosphine disulfide and (PhS)2 or (PhSe)2 upon photoirradiation. Furthermore, the relative photochemical properties and reactivities of tetraphenyldiphophine (P- P interelement compound) and its analogues toward photoinduced radical addition reactions were also discussed. The formed P-E (E = S, Se) interelement compounds could be utilized for ionic reactions, and they could be transformed into various phosphine reagents via one-pot processes.
- Yamamoto, Yuki,Tanaka, Ryo,Ota, Miyuto,Nishimura, Misaki,Tran, Cong Chi,Kawaguchi, Shin-Ichi,Kodama, Shintaro,Nomoto, Akihiro,Ogawa, Akiya
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p. 14708 - 14719
(2020/11/13)
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- An Iodide-Mediated Transition-Metal-Free Strategy towards Unsymmetrical Diaryl Sulfides via Arylhydrazines and Thiols
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A mild, scalable iodine-mediated oxidative cross-coupling reaction of arylhydrazines and thiols for construction of thioethers (sulfides) in the absence of any transition metals or photocatalysts is disclosed. A variety of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides with broad substrate scope both on thiols and hydrazines were synthesized in high yields in water at room temperature. Furthermore, to demonstrate the utility of the protocol, the above C-S bond formation was applied in the synthesis of the key structure of vortioxetine as an antidepressant drug. The gram-scale outcome also added to the potential utility of this protocol.
- Asadpour, Mohammad,Azizzade, Meysam,Ghasemi, Mehran,Jafarpour, Farnaz,Rajai-Daryasarei, Saideh
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supporting information
p. 727 - 734
(2020/02/25)
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- Ullmann-type: N-arylation of anilines with alkyl(aryl)sulfonium salts
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A palladium/copper-cocatalyzed Ullmann-type N-arylation of anilines using alkyl(aryl)sulfonium triflates as arylation reagents has been accomplished. The reaction enabled Caryl-S bond cleavage over Calkyl-S bond breakage of alkyl(aryl)sulfoniums by Pd(P(tBu)3)2/CuI and gave the corresponding N-arylated products in good to high yields. It was also significant that the reactions of aniline with asymmetric butyl(mesityl)(aryl)sulfonium triflates showed excellent selectivity, in which the aryl groups other than the bulky and electron-rich mesityl moieties were transformed.
- Tian, Ze-Yu,Zhang, Cheng-Pan
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supporting information
p. 11936 - 11939
(2019/10/11)
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- Achieving Nickel Catalyzed C-S Cross-Coupling under Mild Conditions Using Metal-Ligand Cooperativity
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A simple and efficient approach of C-S cross-coupling of a wide variety of (hetero)aryl thiols and (hetero)aryl halides under mild conditions, mostly at room temperature, catalyzed by well-defined singlet diradical Ni(II) catalysts bearing redox noninnocent ligands is reported. Taking advantage of ligand centered redox events, the high-energetic Ni(0)/Ni(II) or Ni(I)/Ni(III) redox steps were avoided in the catalytic cycle. The cooperative participation of both nickel and the coordinated ligands during oxidative addition/reductive elimination steps allowed us to perform the catalytic reactions under mild conditions.
- Sikari, Rina,Sinha, Suman,Das, Siuli,Saha, Anannya,Chakraborty, Gargi,Mondal, Rakesh,Paul, Nanda D.
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p. 4072 - 4085
(2019/04/01)
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- Design, synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of sulfoximine-triazole hybrids as potential antimalarial prototypes
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Background: Malaria, caused by the deadly Plasmodium falciparum strain, claims the lives of millions of people annually. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of P. falciparum to the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), the last line of defense against malaria, is worrisome and urges for the development of new chemo-types with a new mode of action. In the search of new antimalarial agents, hybrids of triazoles and other known antimalarial drugs have been reported to possess better activity than either of the parent compounds administered individually. Despite their better activity, no hybrid antimalarial drugs have been developed so far. Objective: In the hope of developing new antimalarial prototypes, we propose the design, synthesis and antimalarial evaluation of novel sulfoximine-triazole hybrids owing to their interesting biological and physiological properties. Method: The sulfoximine part of the hybrid will be synthesized via imidation of the corresponding sulfoxide. Propargylation of the NH moiety of the sulfoximine followed by copper-catalyzed click chemistry with benzyl azide was envisaged to provide the target sulfoximine-triazole hybrids. Results: Five novel sulfoximine-triazole hybrids possessing various substituents on the sulfoximine moiety have been successfully synthesized and evaluated for their antiplasmodial and cytotoxicity activities. The results revealed that the co-presence of the sulfoximine and triazole moieties along with a lipophilic alkyl substituent on the sulfur atom impart significant activity. Conclusion: Sulfoximine-triazole hybrids could be used as a prototype for the synthesis of new derivatives with better antiplasmodial activities.
- Mabasa, Tommy Fredrick,Awe, Babatunde,Laming, Dustin,Kinfe, Henok Hadgu
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p. 683 - 690
(2019/08/30)
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- Nickel Phosphite/Phosphine-Catalyzed C-S Cross-Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Thiols
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A method for the coupling of aryl chlorides and thiophenols using an air-stable nickel(0) catalyst is described. This thioetherification procedure can be effectively applied to a range of electronically diverse aryl/heteroaryl chlorides without more expensive metal catalysts such as palladium, iridium, or ruthenium. This investigation also illustrates both, a variety of thiol coupling partners and, in certain cases, the use of Cs2CO3.
- Jones, Kieran D.,Power, Dennis J.,Bierer, Donald,Gericke, Kersten M.,Stewart, Scott G.
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supporting information
p. 208 - 211
(2018/01/17)
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- SPS–Ni(II) pincer compounds of the type [Ni(phPS2)(P(C6H4-4-R)3)] Synthesis, characterization and catalytic evaluation in C–S cross-coupling reactions
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The synthesis and characterization of a series of SPS–Ni(II) pincer complexes with different para-substituted triphenylphosphines has been performed. The molecular structure of [Ni(phPS2)(PPh3)] (1) (phPS2H2 = PhP(C6H4-2-SH)2, bis(phenyl-2-thiol)phenylphosphine) was unequivocally determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The metal centre exhibited a slightly distorted square planar geometry. The complexes showed a high catalytic activity in the C–S cross-coupling reaction of both alkyl- and aryl-disulfides with iodobenzenes for the production of non-symmetric sulfides. In general, the different para-substituted triphenylphosphine ligands do not affect the catalytic performance of the SPS–Ni(II) complexes. However, activity of the catalyst decreases with the steric hindrance of the different alkyl groups in the disulphide substrates.
- Gómez-Benítez, Valente,Valdés, Hugo,Hernández-Ortega, Simón,Germán-Acacio, Juan Manuel,Morales-Morales, David
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p. 144 - 148
(2017/10/13)
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- Transalkylation of alkyl aryl sulfides with alkylating agents
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The reaction of methyl iodide with tert-butylphenylsulfide in DMF leads to a transalkylation that produces methylphenylsulfide. This transalkylation reaction was further studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The polarity of the solvent, the electron density on the sulfur atom, and the strength of the alkylating agent (MeI, EtI, BuI, dimethyl sulfate, or dimethyl carbonate) played important roles in the reaction. The suggested mechanism of the reaction involves the formation of a dialkyl aryl sulfonium salt that subsequently eliminates the radical. This mechanism was supported by the observation of higher conversion rates for compounds with more branched alkyl groups on the sulfur atom, which may lead to the formation of more stable radicals.
- Nawrot, Daria,Koleni?, Marek,Kune?, Ji?í,Kostelansky, Filip,Miletin, Miroslav,Novakova, Veronika,Zimcik, Petr
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p. 594 - 599
(2018/01/01)
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- Alkyl Sulfides as Promising Sulfur Sources: Metal-Free Synthesis of Aryl Alkyl Sulfides and Dialkyl Sulfides by Transalkylation of Simple Sulfides with Alkyl Halides
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A site-selective metal-free dealkylative approach to synthesize aryl alkyl and symmetrical dialkyl sulfides has been developed. This procedure is convenient and has wide functional group tolerance giving rise to sulfides carrying various alkyl chains from simple alkyl sulfides and alkyl halides in good to excellent yields. This transalkylation proceeds by an ionic mechanism via sulfonium intermediates and it was proposed that dimethylacetamide (DMAC) may participate in part to promote the reaction.
- Liu, Ting,Qiu, Renhua,Zhu, Longzhi,Yin, Shuang-Feng,Au, Chak-Tong,Kambe, Nobuaki
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supporting information
p. 3833 - 3837
(2018/12/05)
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- One-pot synthesis of α-phenylsulfinyl ketones by reaction of phenyl benzenethiosulfinate with enolate anions, and synthesis of sulfoxides and sulfides by its reaction with Grignard reagents
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Phenyl benzenethiosulfinate reacts with enolate anions derived from ketones to give α-phenylsulfinyl ketones directly, together with minor amounts of α-phenylsulfanyl ketones. These are easily separated by forming the water-soluble sodium salts of the sulfinyl compounds. Grignard reagents also react with phenyl benzenethiosulfinate, to give mixtures of sulfoxides and sulfides.
- Fakhry, Jerome,Grayson, David H.
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p. 556 - 563
(2017/12/28)
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- Benign and efficient preparation of thioethers by solvent-free S-alkylation of thiols with alkyl halides catalyzed by potassium fluoride on alumina
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The preparation of thioethers by S-alkylation of various thiols with alkyl halides under solvent-free reaction conditions using potassium fluoride on alumina (KF/Al2O3) as a solid catalyst has been investigated in detail with respect to three different modes of reaction activation (ultrasound irradiation, microwave irradiation, and conventional heating) for obtaining maximum yield of the thioether. The importance of KF/Al2O3 as a particularly efficient catalyst was corroborated for all three modes of reaction activation, although the reaction time was found to be strongly dependent on the mode of activation. The yield of the thioethers was also found to depend on the amount of the solid catalyst relative to the equimolar amounts of the two reactants.
- Nguyen, Kha Ngoc,Duus, Fritz,Luu, Thi Xuan Thi
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p. 349 - 360
(2016/06/01)
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- Efficient reduction of sulfoxides with NaHSO3 catalyzed by I2
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An efficient method for the deoxygenation of sulfoxides into their corresponding sulfides at room temperature using NaHSO3 in the presence of catalytic I2 has been reported.
- Abbasi, Mohammad,Mohammadizadeh, Mohammad Reza,Moradi, Zahra
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p. 6610 - 6613
(2015/11/09)
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- Ligand-free Cu-catalyzed odorless synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfides through cross-coupling reaction of aryl/benzyl/alkyl halides with an aryl boronic acid/S8 system as a thiolating agent in PEG
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In this article, we have presented a novel, efficient and environmentally benign method for one-pot, one-step and odorless synthesis of a wide range of unsymmetrical sulfides from the reaction of aryl/benzyl/alkyl halides with aryl boronic acids in the presence of S8, NaOH and a catalytic amount of CuI in PEG200 as green solvent at 40-60 °C. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. More importantly, this reaction is applicable for the gram-scale preparation of the desired sulfides.
- Rostami, Amin,Rostami, Abed,Ghaderi, Arash,Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali
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p. 37060 - 37065
(2015/05/05)
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- A general and inexpensive protocol for the Cu-catalyzed C-S cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides and thiols
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A cost effective and easily available CuI/DABCO catalytic system has been developed for C-S cross-coupling reaction. This method is extremely useful for the thioetherification of aryl and heteroaryl halides providing excellent yields and good chemoselectivity.
- Thomas, Anns Maria,Asha, Sujatha,Sindhu,Anilkumar, Gopinathan
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supporting information
p. 6560 - 6564
(2015/11/09)
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- A novel nickel-catalyzed synthesis of thioesters, esters and amides from aryl iodides in the presence of chromium hexacarbonyl
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This study describes our findings on a novel and cheap NiCl2 catalytic system under ligand-free conditions for the efficient thiocarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation and amidocarbonylation reactions of aryl iodides in the presence of Cr(CO)6 as the solid source of carbon monoxide under air. A variety of aryl iodides tolerated the reaction conditions and structurally different thiols, alcohols and amines were used efficiently. The corresponding thioesters, esters and amides were obtained in good to excellent yield at atmospheric pressure under mild reaction conditions.
- Iranpoor, Nasser,Firouzabadi, Habib,Etemadi-Davan, Elham,Nematollahi, Arash,Firouzi, Hamid Reza
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p. 6445 - 6452
(2015/08/11)
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- Microwave-assisted C-C and C-S couplings catalysed by organometallic PD-SCS or coordination NI-SNS pincer complexes
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A family of SCS and SNS pincer compounds of the type [PdCl{C6H3-2,6-(CH2SR)2}] {R = tBu (3a), sBu (3b), iBu (3c)} and [NiCl2{C5H3N-2,6-(CH2SR)2}] {R = tBu (4a), sBu (4b)} have been prepared. Among these, complexes 3b, 3c, 4a-4c are reported for the first time. Dimeric compounds such as [NiCl{C5H3N-2,6-(CH2SiBu)2}μ-Cl]2 (4c) were found in the solid state for the nickel complexes with lower steric hindrance exhibiting octahedral metal centers, whereas other nickel structures such as [NiCl2{C5H3N-2,6-(CH2StBu)2}(iPrOH)] (4d) could also expand their coordination number by coordinating to solvents. The single crystal X-ray diffraction results for 4a, 4c and 4d are presented. The catalytic activity of the six compounds was studied in C-C and C-S cross-coupling reactions under conventional heating and under microwave irradiation conditions. The palladium catalysts enabled good to excellent conversions in Suzuki-Miyaura couplings of p-substituted halobenzenes with phenylboronic acid. Comparable yields resulted from application of the nickel complexes in the thioetherification of iodobenzene with different disulfides. The fast increase in reaction temperature associated with microwave irradiation, in combination with the robust pincer catalysts, allowed for quantitative conversions in only minutes.
- Basauri-Molina, Manuel,Hernández-Ortega, Sim?n,Morales-Morales, David
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p. 4619 - 4625
(2015/04/27)
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- Transition-metal-free acid-mediated synthesis of aryl sulfides from thiols and thioethers
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The preparation of diaryl and alkyl aryl sulfides via acid-mediated coupling of thiols and thioethers with diaryliodonium salts is reported. The scope, limitations, and mechanism of the transformation are discussed.
- Wagner, Anna M.,Sanford, Melanie S.
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supporting information
p. 2263 - 2267
(2014/04/03)
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- Synthesis and characterization of magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles and their catalytic performance in one-pot odorless carbon-sulfur bond formation reactions
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In this article, we have introduced catalytic application of copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4) for one-pot odorless production of aryl alkyl thioethers using thiourea and alkyl bromides in wet polyethylene glycol as a green solvent. The catalyst was also successfully applied for one-pot synthesis of symmetrical diaryl trithiocarbonates via the reaction of sodium sulfide, carbon disulfide and aryl iodides under heterogeneous reaction condition. Magnetic copper ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using iron (III) chloride and copper (II) chloride, and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, AAS, and TEM analysis. The catalyst was recycled using simple magnetic separation and reused for the five consecutive runs in the reaction of iodobenzene, thiourea and benzyl bromide without appreciable loss of activity.
- Gholinejad, Mohammad,Karimi, Babak,Mansouri, Fariborz
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- One-pot synthesis of aryl alkyl thioethers and diaryl disulfides using carbon disulfide as a sulfur surrogate in the presence of diethylamine catalyzed by copper(I) iodide in polyethylene glycol (PEG200)
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A copper catalyzed one-pot protocol for the preparation of aryl alkyl thioethers and diaryl disulfides using carbon disulfide as the sulfur source and diethylamine in polyethylene glycol (PEG200) is described.
- Firouzabadi, Habib,Iranpoor, Nasser,Samadi, Arash
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p. 1212 - 1217
(2014/02/14)
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- NaI/silica sulfuric acid as an efficient reducing system for deoxygenation of sulfoxides in poly ethylene glycol (PEG-200)
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Deoxygenation of structurally diverse sulfoxides including dialkyl, diaryl, aryl alkyl and allyl sulfoxides to the corresponding sulfides were carried out using a NaI/silica sulfuric acid reducing system at room temperature in poly ethylene glycol (PEG-200) in excellent yields.
- Zarei, Morteza,Ameri, Mohammad Aghil,Jamaleddini, Azar
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p. 259 - 263
(2013/08/26)
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- Enantioselective nitrene transfer to sulfides catalyzed by a chiral iron complex
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Iron works: Enantioselective nitrene transfer to sulfide was accomplished by a chiral iron(III)/PyBOX catalyst (see scheme). Various sulfimides were thus obtained in high enantioselectivities and yields. Applications of this protocol to the syntheses of enantioenriched sulfoximines and an epoxide were also demonstrated. Copyright
- Wang, Jun,Frings, Marcus,Bolm, Carsten
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supporting information
p. 8661 - 8665
(2013/09/12)
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- High surface and magnetically recoverable mPANI/pFe3O 4 nanocomposites for C-S bond formation in water
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A high surface area mPANI/pFe3O4 nanocomposite from mesoporous polyaniline and porous magnetic Fe3O4 was used as a catalyst in the S-arylation of thiophenol with aryl chlorides and in the C-S bond formation between aryl iodides and thiourea in water. The mesoporosity of the polyaniline enhances the efficiency and stability of the porous magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in both coupling reactions. The mPANI/pFe3O4 nanocomposite can be recovered with an external magnet and reused several times due to the superparamagnetic nature of the porous Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
- Damodara,Arundhathi,Likhar, Pravin R.
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p. 797 - 802
(2013/04/10)
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- Gas-phase S-alkylation of benzenethiol with aliphatic alcohols, ethers, esters, alkyl halides and olefins over halide cluster catalysts of Groups 5 and 6 transition metals
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Benzenethiol was reacted with methanol under a hydrogen stream over [(Nb6Cl12)Cl2(H2O) 4]·6H2O supported on silica gel. Catalytic activity of the cluster commenced above 250 °C, yielding methyl phenyl sulfide. The selectivity was 98% at 400 °C. Molybdenum, tantalum and tungsten halide clusters with the same octahedral metal framework also catalyzed the reaction. Primary alcohols with shorter alkyl chains were effective reagents for the S-alkylation. Aliphatic ethers, dialkyl carbonates, orthoesters and alkyl halides were effective reagents for the S-alkylation. When 1-hexene was applied to the reaction, spontaneous and catalytic S-alkylation proceeded simultaneously above 200 °C, yielding n-hexyl phenyl sulfide. When alkyl acetates were subjected to this reaction, the niobium cluster afforded S-phenyl thioacetate, and the other clusters afforded alkyl phenyl sulfides selectively. A Br?nsted acid site attributable to a hydroxo ligand, which is formed on the cluster complex by thermal activation, is proposed as the active site of the catalysts.
- Nagashima, Sayoko,Kudo, Kentaro,Yamazaki, Hitomi,Kamiguchi, Satoshi,Chihara, Teiji
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- I 2 as a mild and efficient catalyst in deoxygenation of sulfoxides with thioacetic acid
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An effective procedure for deoxygenation of sulfoxides to sulfides using thioacetic acid as a reducing agent and a catalytic amount of I2 in MeCN at ambient temperature has been developed. Using this protocol, a variety of sulfoxides including benzyl, allyl, alkyl and aryl sulfoxides have been successfully reduced to the corresponding sulfides in excellent yields.
- Jabbari, Arida,Zarei, Morteza,Jamaleddini, Azar
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p. 413 - 418
(2012/10/29)
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- Efficient nickel/N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed C-S cross-coupling
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The cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with aliphatic and aromatic thiols catalyzed by readily available Ni(OAc)2 with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) is reported. Ni(OAc)2/NHC catalyst showed good activities toward various aryl halides in C-S coupling reaction, even with aryl chlorides. Reactions occurred in excellent yields, broad scope, and high tolerance of functional groups.
- Guan, Pei,Cao, Changsheng,Liu, Yun,Li, Yunfei,He, Pan,Chen, Qian,Liu, Gang,Shi, Yanhui
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supporting information
p. 5987 - 5992,6
(2012/12/12)
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- Efficient nickel/N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed C-S cross-coupling
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The cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides with aliphatic and aromatic thiols catalyzed by readily available Ni(OAc)2 with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) is reported. Ni(OAc)2/NHC catalyst showed good activities toward various aryl halides in C-S coupling reaction, even with aryl chlorides. Reactions occurred in excellent yields, broad scope, and high tolerance of functional groups.
- Guan, Pei,Cao, Changsheng,Liu, Yun,Li, Yunfei,He, Pan,Chen, Qian,Liu, Gang,Shi, Yanhui
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supporting information
p. 5987 - 5992
(2013/01/13)
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- Efficient recyclable CuI-nanoparticle-catalyzed S-arylation of thiols with aryl halides on water under mild conditions
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CuI nanoparticles efficiently catalyzed the C-S cross coupling of aryl and alkyl thiols with aryl halides in the absence of ligands on water under mild conditions. A wide range of diaryl sulfides and aryl alkyl sulfides are synthesized in good to excellent yields utilizing this protocol. This procedure is particularly noteworthy given its mild conditions, avoiding the undesired formation of disulfides through oxidation of thiols. The recovery and successful reutilization of the catalyst is described. Furthermore, the directed synthesis of bisarylated product is presented. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012.
- Xu, Hua-Jian,Liang, Yu-Feng,Zhou, Xin-Feng,Feng, Yi-Si
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2562 - 2568
(2012/04/23)
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- Heterogeneous magnetic catalyst for S-arylation reactions
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A convenient method for the synthesis of monodisperse, superparamagnetic copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanoparticles with high surface area has been described. The synthesized material was characterized by various techniques. XRD showed the nanocrystalline nature of CuFe2O 4 with a crystallite size of 6 nm. TEM analysis showed that uniform spherical CuFe2O4 particles are formed with a size of 55 ± 5 nm. N2 adsorption/desorption measurements confirmed the mesoporous nature of the sample with surface area >216 m2 g -1. The field dependent magnetization, illustrated by VSM and saturation magnetization was found to be 44 emu g-1. The catalytic applications of the synthesized CuFe2O4 nanoparticles were explored for the cross-coupling of thiols with diverse range of aryl halides. Aryl iodides and bromides result in biarylsulfides in good to excellent yields (62-98%) whereas aryl chlorides gave significant amount of diaryldisulfide. Scope of this catalytic protocol further extended to one-pot synthesis of biologically important tricyclic dibenzothiazepines. The superparamagnetic nature of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles was found to be advantageous for their easy, quick and quantitative separation from the reaction mixture. Negligible leaching of Cu and Fe in consecutive cycles makes the catalyst economical and environmentally benign.
- Panda, Niranjan,Jena, Ashis Kumar,Mohapatra, Sasmita
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experimental part
p. 258 - 264
(2012/08/28)
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- One-pot reduction of sulfoxides with NaBH4, CoCl2. 6H2O catalyst, and moist alumina
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Sulfoxides are reduced by a combination of sodium borohydride, a catalytic amount of cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, and chromatographic neutral alumina preloaded with a small amount of water (moist alumina) in hexane to produce the corresponding sulfides in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. An interesting structural influence of sulfoxides on their reactivity is observed. Copyright
- Yakabe, Shigetaka,Hirano, Masao,Morimoto, Takashi
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experimental part
p. 2251 - 2255
(2011/06/27)
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- An efficient copper-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of diaryl thioethers by coupling of arylboronic acids with potassium ethyl xanthogenate under mild conditions
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A simple and environmentally benign one-pot synthesis of diaryl thioethers by coupling of arylboronic acids with potassium ethyl xanthogenate through a double arylation process has been developed. The aryl thiols were generated in situ, and the reactions proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding products in good to excellent yields under very mild conditions. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York.
- Wang, Liang,Zhou, Wei-You,Chen, Sheng-Chun,He, Ming-Yang,Chen, Qun
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experimental part
p. 3041 - 3045
(2012/03/11)
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- Zn in ionic liquid: An efficient reaction media for the synthesis of diorganyl chalcogenides and chalcogenoesters
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A straightforward and efficient methodology is described to synthesize structurally diverse diorganyl selenides, sulfides, seleno- and thioesters by using commercially available Zn dust in ionic liquid. Excellent yields were achieved under neutral conditions at room temperature in a short time. The solvent/ionic liquid is reusable and exhibited higher performance as compared with organic solvents.
- Narayanaperumal, Senthil,Alberto, Eduardo E.,Gul, Kashif,Kawasoko, Cristiane Yuriko,Dornelles, Luciano,Rodrigues, Oscar E.D.,Braga, Antonio Luiz
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experimental part
p. 4723 - 4730
(2011/06/27)
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- Cu-catalyzed coupling of aryl iodides with thiols using carbonyl-phosphine oxide ligands
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A series of carbonyl-phosphine oxide ligands were synthesized from 2-bromophenylaldehyde and used in Cu-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions. Aryl iodide and aryl bromide reacted with thiols efficiently upon catalysis under mild reaction conditions and a yiel
- Wang, Haolong,Wan, Boshun
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scheme or table
p. 1129 - 1132
(2012/06/18)
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- Cu-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Thiols Using Carbonyl-Phosphine Oxide Ligands
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A series of carbonyl-phosphine oxide ligands were synthesized from 2-bromophenylaldehyde and used in Cu-catalyzed C-S coupling reactions. Aryl iodide and aryl bromide reacted with thiols efficiently upon catalysis under mild reaction conditions and a yiel
- Wang, Haolong,Wan, Boshun
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p. 1129 - 1132
(2016/04/19)
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- Bimetallic system for the synthesis of diorganyl selenides and sulfides, chiral β-seleno amines, and seleno- and thioesters
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The bimetallic reagent Sn(II)/Cu(II) in [bmim]BF4 was efficiently used for the cleavage of diaryl diselenides and disulfides and reacts with a variety of organic substrates, such as organic halides, acid chlorides, and β-amino mesylates affording the diorganyl selenides and sulfides within very short reaction times, under mild conditions and with excellent yields, using BMIM-BF4 as a reusable solvent.
- Gul, Kashif,Narayanaperumal, Senthil,Dornelles, Luciano,Rodrigues, Oscar E.D.,Braga, Antonio Luiz
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3592 - 3596
(2011/07/31)
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- A simple and efficient method for reduction of sulfoxide under solvent-free conditions
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Benzyl DABCO bromide was found to be an efficient and mild reagent for the reduction of sulfoxides to the corresponding sulfide using sulfuric acid adsorbed silica gel under solvent-free conditions at room temperature.
- Pourmousavi, Seied Ali,Salehi, Parvin
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experimental part
p. 803 - 807
(2010/07/08)
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- MnCl2·4H2O-catalyzed potential protocol for the synthesis of aryl/vinyl sulfides
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MnCl2 · 4H2O is described as an efficient catalytic system for the cross coupling of aryl/vinyl halides with thiols using KOH as base and DMSO as solvent. By using this new catalytic system various aryl/vinyl sulfides were synthesize
- Bandaru, Madhav,Sabbavarpu, Narayana Murthy,Katla, Ramesh,Yadavalli, Venkata Durga Nageswar
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1149 - 1151
(2011/02/28)
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- Gold-catalyzed C-S bond formation from thiols
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ortho-Alkynylbenzoic acid alkyl esters act as alkylating agents of thiol derivatives with PPh3AuCl in combination with AgOTf in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 °C. The corresponding sulfide compounds are obtained in good to excellent yields.
- Jean, Micka?l,Renault, Jacques,van de Weghe, Pierre,Asao, Naoki
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 378 - 381
(2010/03/24)
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- On the reactivity of indium(III) benzenechalcogenolates (chalcogen = sulfur and selenium) towards organyl halides for the synthesis of organyl phenyl chalcogenides
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The reactivity of indium(III) benzenechalcogenolates (chalcogen = sulfur, selenium) towards organyl halides (organyl = alkyl, allyl, benzyl, acyl) was examined. A practical one-pot method to prepare organyl phenyl chalcogenides indium metal and diphenyl dichalcogenide was found. The coupling is fairly broad in scope and generally works better organyl halides capable to produce stable carbocations.
- Peppe, Clovis,Borges De Castro, Lierson
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experimental part
p. 678 - 683
(2009/10/30)
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- Triton B-mediated mild, convenient, and efficient method for the selective alkylation of cyclic secondary amines and thiols
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Alkylation of cyclic secondary amines, thiols, and pyridazinones has been demonstrated with alkyl halides using Triton B as base and reaction medium.
- Meshram,Reddy, B. Chennakesava,Goud, P. Ramesh
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experimental part
p. 2297 - 2303
(2009/12/01)
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- Lanthanum(III) oxide as a recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of diaryl sulfides and diaryl selenides
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La2O3 as a new and efficient recyclable catalyst in coupling various aryl halides with aromatic/alkyl thiols and diphenyl diselenide in combination with KOH as a base and DMEDA as a ligand in DMSO at 110 °C is reported.
- Murthy, Sabbavarapu Narayana,Madhav, Bandaru,Reddy, Vutukuri Prakash,Nageswar, Yadavalli Venkata Durga
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5902 - 5905
(2010/03/02)
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- Efficient C-S cross coupling catalyzed by Cu2O
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A protocol for the copper-catalyzed C-S bond formation between aryl, alkyl, or heteroaryl thiols and aryl or heteroaryl halides is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by Cu2O which shows the highest catalytic activity with ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate ligand in DMSO at 80 °C. The corresponding coupling products are obtained with good to excellent yields under relatively mild reaction conditions with good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance.
- Xu, Hua-Jian,Zhao, Xiao-Yang,Deng, Jin,Fu, Yao,Feng, Yi-Si
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experimental part
p. 434 - 437
(2009/05/11)
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