- Synthesis, computational studies, antimycobacterial and antibacterial properties of pyrazinoic acid-isoniazid hybrid conjugates
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Benzotriazole and microwave mediated syntheses led to a new set of hybrid conjugates of pyrazinoic acid with isoniazid via amino acid linkers in excellent yields with retention of chirality. Microbiological screening of the synthesized conjugates revealed an exceptionally high activity against some of the pathogenic bacterial strains at low concentrations. Promising antimycobacterial properties were observed against tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Robust molecular models (2D-QSAR and 3D-pharmacophore) support the observed biological properties. Safety profile of the synthesized conjugates against human normal cell (RPE1) was evaluated by MTT technique.
- Panda, Siva S.,Girgis, Adel S.,Mishra, Bibhuti B.,Elagawany, Mohamed,Devarapalli, Venkatasai,Littlefield, William F.,Samir, Ahmed,Fayad, Walid,Fawzy, Nehmedo G.,Srour, Aladdin M.,Bokhtia, Riham M.
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- Mixing of peptides and electrophilic traps gives rise to potent, broad-spectrum proteasome inhibitors
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The synthesis and evaluation of hybrid proteasome inhibitors that contain structural elements of the known inhibitors bortezomib, epoxomicin and peptide vinyl sulfones is described. From the panel of 15 inhibitors some structure activity relationships can be deduced with regard to inhibitory activity in relation to peptide recognition element, inhibitor size and nature of the electrophilic trap. Further, the panel contains one of the most potent peptide-based pan-proteasome inhibitors reported to date. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry.
- Verdoes, Martijn,Florea, Bogdan I.,Van Der Linden, Wouter A.,Renou, Didier,Van Den Nieuwendijk, Adrianus M. C. H.,Van Der Marel, Gijs A.,Overkleeft, Herman S.
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- A convergent approach to synthesis of bortezomib: the use of TBTU suppresses racemization in the fragment condensation
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Bortezomib is a first-in-class therapeutic antineoplastic agent used for treating patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In this paper we report an improved method for synthesis of the title compound using a convergent approach. TBTU was
- Ivanov, Andrey S.,Zhalnina, Anna A.,Shishkov, Sergey V.
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- Degradation pathways of a peptide boronic acid derivative, 2-Pyz-(CO)-Phe-Leu-B(OH)2
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The peptide boronic acid derivative 2-Pyz-(CO)-Phe-Leu-B(OH)2 is a potent inhibitor of 20S proteasome and a proposed anticancer agent. During preformulation studies, the compound presented erratic stability behavior. Efforts were made to isolate and identify the degradation products, thereby helping to identify possible mechanisms for the degradation. The reaction of 2-Pyz-(CO)-Phe-Leu-B(OH)2 with hydrogen peroxide not only provided a convenient way to isolate the initial degradation products seen from hydrolysis in aqueous buffers but also showed that the major, initial degradation pathway was probably oxidative in nature. The isolated degradation products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and optical rotation dispersion. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the boronic acid group was cleaved from 2-Pyz-(CO)-Phe-Leu-B(OH)2 to give an alcohol with an apparent retention of the original stereochemistry. Subsequent isomerization and further hydrolysis were then seen. Surprisingly, added ascorbate and EDTA accelerated rather than inhibited degradation. Degradation of 2-Pyz-(CO)-Phe-Leu-B(OH)2 under acidic and basic conditions seemed to be mediated by an initial oxidative degradation pathway similar to that seen with the peroxide. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Wu, Sara,Waugh, Wanda,Stella, Valentino J.
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- Structure-Based Design of Selective LONP1 Inhibitors for Probing in Vitro Biology
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LONP1 is an AAA+ protease that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by removing damaged or misfolded proteins. Elevated activity and expression of LONP1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis-inducing reagents. Despite the importance of LONP1 in human biology and disease, very few LONP1 inhibitors have been described in the literature. Herein, we report the development of selective boronic acid-based LONP1 inhibitors using structure-based drug design as well as the first structures of human LONP1 bound to various inhibitors. Our efforts led to several nanomolar LONP1 inhibitors with little to no activity against the 20S proteasome that serve as tool compounds to investigate LONP1 biology.
- Kingsley, Laura J.,He, Xiaohui,McNeill, Matthew,Nelson, John,Nikulin, Victor,Ma, Zhiwei,Lu, Wenshuo,Zhou, Vicki W.,Manuia, Mari,Kreusch, Andreas,Gao, Mu-Yun,Witmer, Darbi,Vaillancourt, Mei-Ting,Lu, Min,Greenblatt, Sarah,Lee, Christian,Vashisht, Ajay,Bender, Steven,Spraggon, Glen,Michellys, Pierre-Yves,Jia, Yong,Haling, Jacob R.,Lelais, Gérald
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p. 4857 - 4869
(2021/05/07)
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- New Pyrazine Conjugates: Synthesis, Computational Studies, and Antiviral Properties against SARS-CoV-2
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Currently, limited therapeutic options are available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We have developed a set of pyrazine-based small molecules. A series of pyrazine conjugates was synthesized by microwave-assisted click chemistry and benzotriazole chemistry. All the synthesized conjugates were screened against the SAR-CoV-2 virus and their cytotoxicity was determined. Computational studies were carried out to validate the biological data. Some of the pyrazine-triazole conjugates (5 d–g) and (S)-N-(1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-phenylethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide 12 i show significant potency against SARS-CoV-2 among the synthesized conjugates. The selectivity index (SI) of potent conjugates indicates significant efficacy compared to the reference drug (Favipiravir).
- Seliem, Israa A.,Girgis, Adel S.,Moatasim, Yassmin,Kandeil, Ahmed,Mostafa, Ahmed,Ali, Mohamed A.,Bekheit, Mohamed S.,Panda, Siva S.
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p. 3418 - 3427
(2021/09/08)
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- Development of peptidomimetic hydroxamates as PfA-M1 and PfA-M17 dual inhibitors: Biological evaluation and structural characterization by cocrystallization
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Plasmodium parasites causing malaria have developed resistance to most of the antimalarials in use, including the artemisinin-based combinations, which are the last line of defense against malaria. This necessitates the discovery of new targets and the development of novel antimalarials. Plasmodium falciparum alanyl aminopeptidase (PfA-M1) and leucyl aminopeptidase (PfA-M17) belong to the M1 and M17 family of metalloproteases respectively and play critical roles in the asexual erythrocytic stage of development. These enzymes have been suggested as potential antimalarial drug targets. Herein we describe the development of peptidomimetic hydroxamates as PfA-M1 and PfA-M17 dual inhibitors. Most of the compounds described in this study display inhibition at sub-micromolar range against the recombinant PfA-M1 and PfA-M17. More importantly, compound 26 not only exhibits potent malarial aminopeptidases inhibitory activities (PfA-M1 Ki = 0.11 ± 0.0002 μmol/L, PfA-M17 Ki = 0.05 ± 0.005 μmol/L), but also possesses remarkable selectivity over the mammalian counterpart (pAPN Ki = 17.24 ± 0.08 μmol/L), which endows 26 with strong inhibition of the malarial parasite growth and negligible cytotoxicity on human cell lines. Crystal structures of PfA-M1 at atomic resolution in complex with four different compounds including compound 26 establish the structural basis for their inhibitory activities. Notably, the terminal ureidobenzyl group of 26 explores the S2′ region where differences between the malarial and mammalian enzymes are apparent, which rationalizes the selectivity of 26. Together, our data provide important insights for the rational and structure-based design of selective and dual inhibitors of malarial aminopeptidases that will likely lead to novel chemotherapeutics for the treatment of malaria.
- Addlagatta, Anthony,Ding, Yongzheng,Ma, Chunhua,Marapaka, Anil Kumar,Pillalamarri, Vijaykumar,Reddi, Bharati,Sankoju, Priyanka,Sijwali, Puran Singh,Sudhakar, Renu,Zhang, Guozhen,Zhang, Yingjie
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- Design and synthesis of tripeptidyl furylketones as selective inhibitors against the β5 subunit of human 20S proteasome
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A series of tripeptidic proteasome inhibitors with furylketone as C-terminus were designed and synthesized. Biochemical evaluations against β1, β2 and β5 subunits revealed that they acted selectively on β5 subunit with IC50s against chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity in micromolar range. LC-MS/MS analysis of the ligand-20S proteasome mixture showed that the most potent compound 11m (IC50 = 0.18 μM) made no covalent modification on 20S proteasome. However, it was identified acting in a slowly reversible manner in wash-out assay and the reversibility was much lower than that of MG132, suggesting the possibility of these tripeptidic furylketones forming reversible covalent bonds with 20S proteasome. Several compounds were selected for anti-proliferative assay towards multiple cancer cell lines, and compound 11m displayed comparable potency to positive control (MG132) in all cell lines tested. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic (PK) data in rats indicated 11m behaved similarly (Cmax, 2007 μg/L; AUC0?t, 680 μg/L·h; Vss, 0.66 L/kg) to the clinical used agent carfilzomib. All these data suggest 11m is a good lead compound to be developed to novel anti-tumor agent.
- Lü, Zirui,Li, Xiaona,Niu, Yan,Sun, Qi,Wang, Chao,Xi, Dandan,Xu, Fengrong,Xu, Ping,Zhou, Tongliang
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- Discovery of Novel Peptidomimetic Boronate ClpP Inhibitors with Noncanonical Enzyme Mechanism as Potent Virulence Blockers in Vitro and in Vivo
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Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is considered as a promising target for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. In an unbiased screen of 2632 molecules, a peptidomimetic boronate, MLN9708, was found to be a potent suppressor of SaClpP function. A time-saving and cost-efficient strategy integrating in silico position scanning, multistep miniaturized synthesis, and bioactivity testing was deployed for optimization of this hit compound and led to fast exploration of structure-activity relationships. Five of 150 compounds from the miniaturized synthesis exhibited improved inhibitory activity. Compound 43Hf was the most active inhibitor and showed reversible covalent binding to SaClpP while did not destabilize the tetradecameric structure of SaClpP. The crystal structure of 43Hf-SaClpP complex provided mechanistic insight into the covalent binding mode of peptidomimetic boronate and SaClpP. Furthermore, 43Hf could bind endogenous ClpP in S. aureus cells and exhibited significant efficacy in attenuating S. aureus virulence in vitro and in vivo.
- Ju, Yuan,He, Lihui,Zhou, Yuanzheng,Yang, Tao,Sun, Ke,Song, Rao,Yang, Yang,Li, Chengwei,Sang, Zitai,Bao, Rui,Luo, Youfu
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p. 3104 - 3119
(2020/03/04)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING BORTEZOMIB, INTERMEDIATES, AND CRYSTALLINE FORMS THEREOF
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The present disclosure provides a process for preparing Bortezomib, intermediates, and crystalline forms thereof.
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- PYRAZINOIC ACID CONJUGATES AND HYBRID CONJUGATES
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Pyrazinamide (PZA) conjugates and hybrids are provided herein. The PZA conjugates are useful for treating bacterial infections. In one embodiment, the PZA conjugates are useful for treating tuberculosis.
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Paragraph 0091-0093
(2020/05/29)
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- Virtues of Volatility: A Facile Transesterification Approach to Boronic Acids
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Boronic acids are an increasingly important compound class for many applications, including C-C bond formation reactions, medicinal chemistry, and diagnostics. The deprotection of boronic ester intermediates is frequently a problematic and inefficient step in boronic acid syntheses. We describe an approach that highly facilitates this transformation by leveraging the volatility of methylboronic acid and its diol esters. The method is performed under mild conditions, provides high yields, and eliminates cumbersome and problematic purification steps.
- Hinkes, Stefan P.A.,Klein, Christian D.P.
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supporting information
p. 3048 - 3052
(2019/05/10)
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- PROTEIN DEGRADATION INDUCING TAG AND USAGE THEREOF
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Provided are: a protein degradation inducing tag which is a molecule that has affinity with proteases and does not inhibit degradation of a protein by proteases; a protein degradation inducing molecule that is a conjugate of at least one protein degradation inducing tag and at least one protein binding molecule that binds to a protein; and a usage of those.
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- Synthesis and biological activity of peptide proline-boronic acids as proteasome inhibitors
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On the basis of the application of proline-boronic acid as pharmacophore in the kinase inhibitors and our previous research results, using proline-boronic acid as warhead, two series of peptide proline-boronic acids, dipeptide proline-boronic acids (I) and tripeptide proline-boronic acids (II), were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized compounds were first evaluated for their biological activity against MGC803 cell, and then, the best compound II-7 was selected to test its anti-tumor spectrum on six human tumor cell lines and proteasome inhibition against three subunits. The results indicated that series II have much better biological activities than series I. The compound II-7 exhibited not only excellent biological activities with IC50 values of nM level in both cell and proteasome models, but also much better subunit selectivity. Thus, proline-boronic acid as warhead is reasonable in the design of proteasome inhibitors.
- Han, Liqiang,Wen, Yanzhao,Li, Ridong,Xu, Bo,Ge, Zemei,Wang, Xin,Cheng, Tieming,Cui, Jingrong,Li, Runtao
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p. 4031 - 4044
(2017/07/05)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Method for Capping, Cyclization, and Isotope Labeling
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A new synthetic approach for introducing N-capping groups onto peptides attached to a solid support, combining aminocarbonylation under mild conditions using a palladacycle precatalyst and solid-phase peptide synthesis, is reported. The use of a silacarboxylic acid as an in situ CO-releasing molecule allowed the reaction to be performed in a single vial. The method also enables versatile substitution of side chains, side-chain-to-side-chain cyclizations, and selective [13C] acyl labeling of modified peptides.
- Skogh, Anna,Friis, Stig D.,Skrydstrup, Troels,Sandstr?m, Anja
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supporting information
p. 2873 - 2876
(2017/06/07)
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- Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors constructed from αα- and αβ-amino acids
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A series of novel dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors constructed from αα- and αβ-amino acids were designed and synthesized. Their structures were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, LC-MS and HRMS. These compounds were evaluated for their β5 subunit inhibitory activities of human proteasome. The results showed that dipeptidyl boronic acid inhibitors composed of αα-amino acids were as active as bortezomib. Interestingly, the activities of those derived from αβ-amino acids lost completely. Of all the inhibitors, compound 22 (IC50 = 4.82 nM) was the most potent for the inhibition of proteasome activity. Compound 22 was also the most active against three MM cell lines with IC50 values less than 5 nM in inhibiting cell growth assays. Molecular docking studies displayed that 22 fitted very well in the β5 subunit active pocket of proteasome.
- Shi, Jingmiao,Lei, Meng,Wu, Wenkui,Feng, Huayun,Wang, Jia,Chen, Shanshan,Zhu, Yongqiang,Hu, Shihe,Liu, Zhaogang,Jiang, Cheng
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p. 1958 - 1962
(2016/04/05)
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- Proteasome inhibitor delanzomib for use in the treatment of lupus
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The present invention provides a method for treating lupus in a subject, comprising the step of administering to the subject Compound A.
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- TRIPEPTIDE BORONIC ACID OR BORONIC ESTER, PREPARATIVE METHOD AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention discloses proteasome inhibitors of tripeptide boronic acids or boronic esters represented by Formula (I), preparative method and use thereof. The proteasome inhibitors are therapeutical agents for treating malignant tumor, various nervous system degenerative diseases, muscle cachexia or diabetes, wherein the malignant tumor is leukemia, gastric cancer, hepatocarcinoma or nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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- Bortezomib congeners induce apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via CIP2A inhibition
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CIP2A is an oncoprotein that upregulates p-Akt and promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has been shown to reduce CIP2A and lead to cell apoptosis. Here; we modified the functional group of bortezomib to generate a series of novel compounds and conducted a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. The results showed that compound 1 was able to repress CIP2A expression and cell apoptosis in the same manner as bortezomib, but with less potency in inhibition of proteasome activity. This finding provides a new direction for the design of CIP2A inhibitors.
- Hou, Duen-Ren,Huang, Ann-Chi,Shiau, Chung-Wai,Wang, Chun-Yi,Yu, Hui-Chuan,Chen, Kuen-Feng
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p. 15398 - 15411
(2014/01/17)
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- A convenient and efficient synthesis of dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles and their peptidomimetics
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We have developed a convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles and their peptidomimetics. The novel dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles were obtained by the protecting-group-free coupling of 6-amino-1,3-dihydro-2,1-benzoxaborol-1-ol with various N-(arylcarbonyl) phenylalanines. Bioisosteric replacement of the terminal amide moiety of dipeptidyl benzoxaboroles by 1,3,4-oxadiazoles or 4H-3,1-benzothiazin-4-one provided their peptidomimetics with good molecular diversity. These transformations were based on the pluripotency of methyl (S)-2-isothiocyanato-3- phenylpropanoate and were highlighted by mild reaction conditions, high atom efficiency, and good to excellent isolated yields. This method is a valuable addition to the development of novel drug-like boronic acid molecules. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ? New York.
- Fu, Zhengyan,He, Jiangpeng,Tong, Aiping,Xie, Yongmei,Wei, Yuquan
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p. 2843 - 2852
(2013/10/22)
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- PROCESS FOR MAKING BORTEZOMIB AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PROCESS
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The invention relates to processes of making bortezomib of formula (1) enantiomers thereof and/or intermediates thereof, comprising at least one step of coupling a carboxylic acid with an amine, wherein the coupling step is performed in a presence of the compound of formula (8), wherein A is C1-C6 alkyl group, preferably wherein A is n-propyl group.
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- Chemical and biological evaluation of dipeptidyl boronic acid proteasome inhibitors for use in prodrugs and pro-soft drugs targeting solid tumors
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Bortezomib, a dipeptidyl boronic acid and potent inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, is remarkably effective against multiple myeloma (MM) but not against solid tumors. Dose-limiting adverse effects from "on target" inhibition of the proteasome in normal cells and tissues appear to be a key obstacle. Achieving efficacy against solid tumors therefore is likely to require making the inhibitor more selective for tumor tissue over normal tissues. The simplest strategy that might provide such tissue specificity would be to employ a tumor specific protease to release an inhibitor from a larger, noninhibitory structure. However, such release would necessarily generate an inhibitor with a free N-terminal amino group, raising a key question: Can short peptide boronic acids with N-terminal amino groups have the requisite properties to serve as warheads in prodrugs? Here we show that dipeptides of boroLeu, the smallest plausible candidates for the task, can indeed be sufficiently potent, cell-penetrating, cytotoxic, and stable to degradation by cellular peptidases to serve in this capacity.
- Milo, Lawrence J.,Lai, Jack H.,Wu, Wengen,Liu, Yuxin,Maw, Hlaing,Li, Youhua,Jin, Zhiping,Shu, Ying,Poplawski, Sarah E.,Wu, Yong,Sanford, David G.,Sudmeier, James L.,Bachovchin, William W.
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p. 4365 - 4377
(2011/09/15)
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- PROTEASOME INHIBITORS AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PREPARATION, PURIFICATION AND USE
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The invention provides boronic esters of Formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as described herein, and methods for the preparation and purification thereof.
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Page/Page column 120-121
(2011/08/04)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of tripeptide boronic acid proteasome inhibitors
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A series of tripeptide boronate proteasome inhibitors were designed and synthesized on the basis of our previously built tripeptide aldehyde 3D-QSAR models. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their proteasome-inhibitory activities in an isolated 20S rabbit proteasome, and selected compounds were evaluated for their antitumor activities in vitro against four human cancer cell lines. Biological results showed bulky and negative substituents at P2 position improved the proteasome-inhibitory potency obviously, which completely conformed to the theoretical models, while those at P3 position thoroughly deviated from the 3D-QSAR model. Most of the screened compounds showed less than 1 nM inhibitory potency and high selectivity against 20S proteasome, of which 7f is the most potent (IC50 = 0.079 nM) and twofold more active than bortezomib (IC50 = 0.161 nM). Cell viability indicated hydrophilic 4-hydroxyphenyl substituent at P2 or P3 position was not favorable to the cellular activities. Especially for the two hematologic cancer cell lines, HL-60 and U266, 7f inhibited them at the level of less than 10 nM and was more potent than the control bortezomib. It is being considered a promising new lead to be developed for the treatment of various cancers.
- Zhu, Yongqiang,Yao, Shuyang,Xu, Bo,Ge, Zemei,Cui, Jingrong,Cheng, Tieming,Li, Runtao
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experimental part
p. 6851 - 6861
(2009/12/24)
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- Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) discussion of dipeptidyl boronate proteasome inhibitors, Part I: Comprehensive understanding of the SAR of α-amino acid boronates
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New series of dipeptidyl boronate inhibitors of 20S proteasome were designed and synthesized. The comprehensive understanding of the SAR was obtained by utilizing the variation of four substituents. From the screened compounds in enzyme, novel inhibitors 49 and 50 were identified to be highly potent druglike candidates with IC50 values of 1.2 and 1.6 nM, respectively, which showed better activities than the drug bortezomib on the market. Two hematologic human tumor cell lines, HL-60 and U266, were significantly sensitive to both candidates and showed nearly the same potency as the standard bortezomib with IC50 values less than 10 nM. But as for most of the eight human solid tumor cell lines, both candidates were more potent than the standard with the IC50 value range of 9.8-70 nM. The activity evaluation of the stereoisomers showed that changing R-isomers to S-isomers greatly reduced the potency and even induced inactivity.
- Zhu, Yongqiang,Zhao, Xin,Zhu, Xinrong,Wu, Gang,Li, Yuejie,Ma, Yuheng,Yuan, Yunxia,Yang, Jie,Hu, Yang,Ai, Li,Gao, Qingzhi
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4192 - 4199
(2010/01/16)
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- NITRIC OXIDE DONATING PROSTAMIDES
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Nitroderivatives of prostaglandins having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability are described. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
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Page/Page column 37-38
(2009/04/25)
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