- Engineering an enantioselective amine oxidase for the synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks and alkaloid natural products
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The development of cost-effective and sustainable catalytic methods for the production of enantiomerically pure chiral amines is a key challenge facing the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. This challenge is highlighted by the estimate that 40-45% of drug candidates contain a chiral amine, fueling a demand for broadly applicable synthetic methods that deliver target structures in high yield and enantiomeric excess. Herein we describe the development and application of a "toolbox" of monoamine oxidase variants from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N) which display remarkable substrate scope and tolerance for sterically demanding motifs, including a new variant, which exhibits high activity and enantioselectivity toward substrates containing the aminodiphenylmethane (benzhydrylamine) template. By combining rational structure-guided engineering with high-throughput screening, it has been possible to expand the substrate scope of MAO-N to accommodate amine substrates containing bulky aryl substituents. These engineered MAO-N biocatalysts have been applied in deracemization reactions for the efficient asymmetric synthesis of the generic active pharmaceutical ingredients Solifenacin and Levocetirizine as well as the natural products (R)-coniine, (R)-eleagnine, and (R)-leptaflorine. We also report a novel MAO-N mediated asymmetric oxidative Pictet-Spengler approach to the synthesis of (R)-harmicine.
- Ghislieri, Diego,Green, Anthony P.,Pontini, Marta,Willies, Simon C.,Rowles, Ian,Frank, Annika,Grogan, Gideon,Turner, Nicholas J.
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supporting information
p. 10863 - 10869
(2013/08/23)
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- A PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 2-[2-[4-[(4-CHLOROPHENYL)PHENYL METHYL]-1-PIPERAZINYL] ETHOXY ACETIC ACID
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TAbstract A process for the preparation of 2-[2-[4-[(4-chloro phenyl) phenyl methyl]-1-piperazinyl] ethoxy acetic acid of formula (Ia) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and compounds of formula (IIa) and (VIIIa), wherein R1 = H or C1-C4 alkyl; R2 = aryl or heteroaryl or R1 and R2 together with the carbon to which they are attached form a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group and X is a suitable leaving group for example, chlorine, bromine, iodine, 4-methylphenyl-sulfonyloxy, methylsulfonyloxy group or 4-bromophenyl-sulfonyloxy group are described.
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(2009/06/27)
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