- Rapid and convenient microwave-assisted synthesis of aromatic imides and N-hydroxymethylimides
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Extremely simple high-yielding and rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of wide array of aromatic mono and diimides and mono- and bis-N-hydroxymethylimides is reported.
- Kacprzak, Karol
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- In vitro method to detect allergic reactions to low molecular weight chemicals
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This invention relates to the use of IgE sensitized basophiles and mast cells in invitrotests to determine histamine release when challenged with small molecular weight chemical haptens conjugated to protein, e.g., human serum albumin.
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- Light stabilizing flame retardants
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This invention provides novel hindered amine light stabilizers with flame retardant properties. The compounds of this invention protect polymeric compositions against the degradative effects of heat and light and simultaneously improve the flammability rating of the polymeric composition, while also contributing antioxidant and metal deactivation properties to the polymeric compositions. The compositions of this invention are prepared by reacting halogenated flame retardant containing a cyclic anhydride group with hindered amine light stabilizers containing primary amino or reactive hydrazido functional groups. The preparation of the novel compositions may be carried out in inert solvents or in inert polymeric compositions in a melt blending step.
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- Halogenated polyol-ester neutralization agent
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Haze-free reactive flame retardant halo polyols are made by reacting (a) a halogen containing cyclic acid anhydride (e.g. tetrabromophthalic anhydride), (b) an aliphatic polyol, e.g. diethylene glycol, and (c) an epoxide, e.g. propylene oxide, and including potassium salt of fatty acids (e.g. potassium acetate) in the reaction mixture in an amount at least sufficient to neutralize residual sulfuric acid that is usually present in the halogen containing cyclic acid anhydride.
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- Flame retardant for polymeric compositions
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An additive flame retardant bisimide containing halogen atoms and ammonium acid tetrahalophthalate, e.g. N,N'-bis(2-ethylene tetrabromophthalimide) ammonium acid tetrabromophthalate. These compounds are useful in a variety of polymeric compositions and demonstrate increased thermal stability. They also foam on decomposition with the evolution of gas thus readily lending themselves to the preparation of flame retardant coatings.
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- Polyhalogenated Bicycloocta-1,5,7-trienes, XI. - Preparation and Reactions of Bicycloocta-1,3,5-trien-7,8-diyl Sulfates
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The cyclic sulfates 4a, d and e were prepared from 1a, d and e with sulfuric acid at room temperature.At a higher temperature the diketones 3a or b are produced.Thermolysis of the sulfates at 180-200 deg C as well as acidic hydrolysis lead likewise to 3a or b.Alkaline hydrolysis, however, yields the phthalides 5a or b.Analogous reaction courses are observed with alkoholates yielding 5c, d, f, methanethiolate giving 5e, and secondary amines 8a-f.Contrary, with ammonia and primary amines the phenylglyoxylic amides 13a-f are formed.The other ring opening products 9a, b, 10, and 11 are obtained from 4a with phenolates under different conditions.In the reactions 4 -> 8 the intermediates 6 and 7 can be isolated, so that some general mechanistic interpretations are possible.
- Roedig, Alfred,Ganns, Eva Maria,Ganns, Rainer
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p. 1982 - 1994
(2007/10/02)
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- The Chemistry of Azides derived from N-substituted Phthalamic and Tetrahalogenophthalamic Acids
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Treatment of eight phthalisoimidium perchlorates with sodium azide gave N-substituted o-carbamoylbenzoyl azides (2), which yielded o-carbamoylphenyl isocyanates (4) when heated.The isocyanates derived from tertiary phthalamic acids formed 4-dialkyl ammonio-1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one perchlorates (8) by the action of perchloric acid and acetic anhydride; those containing secondary amide groups cyclised to 3-alkyl-quinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-diones (11) at rates depending on the size of the alkyl radicals.Tetrachloro- and tetrabromo-phthalic anhydride reacted with amines to yield the corresponding amic acids, their salts, of N-substituted 3-amino-4-hydroxyphthalides.Ring-chain isomerism was also observed in the case of the azides derived from two tertiary tetrachlorophthalamic acids.
- Au, Ting Keung,Baydar, Ahmet E.,Boyd, Gerhard V.
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p. 2884 - 2889
(2007/10/02)
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- Spectroscopic Stidies on the Electron Donor-Acceptor Interaction between Tetrachlorophthalic Anhydride and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
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The electron donor-acceptor interaction between tetra chlorophthalic anhydride and a number of aromatic hydrocarbons has been examined by spectroscopic method.The spectroscopic and thermodynamic parameters of the complexes formed are reported.The hνCT-ionisation potential plot is found to be linear.The enthalpies of formation range between 0 and 7.0 kcal/mole.Among all the aromatic hydrocarbons studied, hexamethylbenzene appears to be strongest electron donor towards tetrachlorophthalic anhydride.
- Dwivedi, P. C.,Banga, Anil K.
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p. 158 - 160
(2007/10/02)
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- Optical brightening agents of naphthalimide derivatives
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A naphthalimide derivative having the formula STR1 wherein R is an alkyl, or cycloalkyl, an aralkyl, a haloalkyl, an alkoxyalkyl, a hydroxyalkyl, an N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl, an unsubstituted or halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy- or hydroxy-substituted aryl, or an ammoniumalkyl; X is a group of the formula, STR2 wherein A is STR3 or an unsubstituted or halogen-substituted arylene, or a group of the formula, STR4 wherein R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, phenyl, a hydroxyalkyl, or an alkoxyalkyl; Y is --CO--, --COO--, --CONR3 -- (where R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl), or --SO2 --; R2 is hydrogen, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, an aralkyl, a haloalkyl, an alkyl- or aryl-substituted amino-alkyl, an unsubstituted or halogen-, alkyl-, alkoxy-, hydroxy-, amino- or alkylamino-substituted aryl, a group of the formula, STR5 (where R, R1 and Y are as defined above and R4 is a bivalent group), or a group of the formula, (where R5 is direct linkage or a bivalent group; Q+ is a substituted ammonium, a cycloammonium or a hydrazinium; and α- is an anion), Which is useful for optically brightening an organic polymer material.
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- Process for the purification of crude polyhalo copper phthalocyanines
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Polyhalo copper phthalocyanines are purified in concentrated sulfuric acid under addition of peroxo compounds including addition compounds of hydrogen peroxide. The products are useful as pigments having very pure green shades and good fastness properties.
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