- Amino acid derivatives, part 2: Synthesis, antiviral, and antitumor activity of simple protected amino acids functionalized at N-terminus with naphthalene side chain
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Coupling of various acylated amino acid derivatives with (naphthalen-2-lyloxy)acetic acid (3) in the presence of 1-hydroxy-benzoteriazole (HOBt) and DCC afforded the new amides 6-12. Alternatively, the latter compounds were prepared from reaction of the corresponding hydrazide 5, via the azide-coupling method, with the acylated amino acid derivatives. Treatment of 6, 10-12 with N2H4·H2O afforded the hydrazides 13-16, respectively, as key intermediates for the synthesis of peptide derivatives. Reaction of 12, as a acceptor, with the glycosyl-trichloroimidate 18, as donors in the presence of TMSOTf gave the new glycoside 19. The new compounds were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1, antibovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and antitumor activity.
- Ali, Ibrahim A. I.,Al-Masoudi, Iman A.,Saeed, Bahjat,Al-Masoudi, Najim A.,Colla, Palo La
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of 3,4-disubstituted 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles
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Based on the outcome of computational docking to the active site of cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase (CYP51), diverse 3,4-disubstituted 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles were prepared and screened for antioxidant and antifungal activities. The docking study of synthesized compounds showed promising binding affinity towards docked enzyme, sterol 14α-demethylase(CYP51) from trypanosome cruzi obtained from a RCSB protein data bank (PDB ID: 3KHM). The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. Among the novel synthesized compounds IV-6, IV-1 and IV-2 showed maximum antifungal activity against A. Niger and C. albicans organism when compared the standard fluconazole. For antioxidant activity, all the compounds showed moderate activity but compound IV-6 and IV-7 showed significant activity when compared to standard ascorbic acid.
- Sahoo, Subhas,Mahendra Kumar,Setty, C. Mallikarjuna
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- Environmentally desirable synthesis without use of organic solvent. Synthesis of aryloxyacetic acids
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A process using only water as solvent is described for the synthesis of aryloxyacetic acids under microwave irradiation.
- Villemin, Didier,Hammadi, Mohamed
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- Selective, potent blockade of the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways by 4-phenylbutyric acid analogues
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Background and Purpose 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) is a chemical chaperone that eliminates the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, its chaperoning ability is often weak and unable to attenuate the unfolded protein response (UPR) in vitro or in vivo. To develop more potent chemical chaperones, we synthesized six analogues of 4-PBA and evaluated their pharmacological actions on the UPR. Experimental Approach NRK-52E cells were treated with ER stress inducers (tunicamycin or thapsigargin) in the presence of each of the 4-PBA analogues; the suppressive effects of these analogues on the UPR were assessed using selective indicators for individual UPR pathways. Key Results 2-POAA-OMe, 2-POAA-NO2 and 2-NOAA, but not others, suppressed the induction of ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP. This suppressive effect was more potent than that of 4-PBA. Of the three major UPR branches, the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways were markedly blocked by these compounds, as indicated by suppression of XBP1 splicing, inhibition of UPRE and ERSE activation, and inhibition of JNK phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, however, these agents did not inhibit phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α triggered by ER stress. These compounds dose-dependently inhibited the early activation of NF-κB in ER stress-exposed cells. 2-POAA-OMe and 2-POAA-NO2 also inhibited ER stress-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Conclusion and Implications The 4-PBA analogues 2-POAA-OMe, 2-POAA-NO2 and 2-NOAA strongly inhibited activation of the IRE1 and ATF6 pathways and downstream pathogenic targets, including NF-κB and Akt, in ER stress-exposed cells. These compounds may be useful for therapeutic intervention in ER stress-related pathological conditions.
- Zhang, Hui,Nakajima, Shotaro,Kato, Hironori,Gu, Liubao,Yoshitomi, Tatsuya,Nagai, Kaoru,Shinmori, Hideyuki,Kokubo, Susumu,Kitamura, Masanori
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- Non-Covalent Synthesis as a New Strategy for Generating Supramolecular Layered Heterostructures
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Noncovalent synthesis of stable heterostructures (graphene-BN, MoS2-graphene) of layered materials has been accomplished by a ternary host-guest complex as a heterocomplementary supramolecular motif. Besides being reversible, this supramolecular strategy to generate heterostructures may find uses in many situations.
- Kumar, Ram,Jalani, Krishnendu,George, Subi J.,Rao
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- SELECTIVE NON-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE ACTIVATORS FOR THE CAMP SENSOR EPAC1
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The invention relates generally to novel EPAC1 activators, such as Formula (I) and (II) and the preparation thereof as well as the use of EPAC1 activators disclosed herein as to selectively activate EPAC1 in cells.
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Paragraph 00168; 00169; 00198; 00242; 00250
(2021/09/26)
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- Juvenile hormone mimics with phenyl ether and amide functionality to be insect growth regulators (IGRs): synthesis, characterization, computational and biological study
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A series of substituted phenyl ethers derivatives as juvenile hormone (JH) mimics (V1-V8) have been synthesized. Substituted phenoxyacetic acid and amino acid ethyl ester hydrochloride were prepared using NaOH, SOCl2. DCC method has been used for amide linkage. The structure of prepared compounds has been confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Electrospray ionization-Mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Proton and Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Biological efficacy of synthesized analogs has been carried out under laboratory conditions. Galleria mellonella (honey bee pest) has been chosen as testing insect. Juvenile hormone (JH) activity of synthesized compounds has been tested at different concentrations and compared with the standard juvenile hormone analogs (JHAs) pyriproxyfen (M1) and fenoxycarb (M2) against the fifth larval instar of G. mellonella. Compound ethyl 2-[2-(4-methylphenoxy)aminoacetyl]-3-phenyl-propanoate (V6) exhibited better activity among all the synthesized compounds (V1-V8) with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.11 mg/mL and 0.56 mg/mL respectively. Compounds showed insect growth regulating (IGR) activity at lower concentrations. In silico screening of all synthesized compounds with the W-cavity of juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHBP) of insect G. mellonella has been carried out. Chemical reactivity of synthesized series has been studied using DFT/B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,2p) method. Non-toxic behavior of molecules has also been observed from ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) study using discovery studio client 3.0. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
- Awasthi, Pamita,Devi, Vandna
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- Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Noncyclic Nucleotide Exchange Proteins Directly Activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) Regulators
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Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) play a central role in various biological functions, and activation of the EPAC1 protein has shown potential benefits for the treatment of various human diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis and biochemical evaluation of a series of noncyclic nucleotide EPAC1 activators. Several potent EPAC1 binders were identified including 25g, 25q, 25n, 25u, 25e, and 25f, which promote EPAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity in vitro. These agonists can also activate EPAC1 protein in cells, where they exhibit excellent selectivity toward EPAC over protein kinase A and G protein-coupled receptors. Moreover, 25e, 25f, 25n, and 25u exhibited improved selectivity toward activation of EPAC1 over EPAC2 in cells. Of these, 25u was found to robustly inhibit IL-6-activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequent induction of the pro-inflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) cell-adhesion protein. These novel EPAC1 activators may therefore act as useful pharmacological tools for elucidation of EPAC function and promising drug leads for the treatment of relevant human diseases.
- Wang, Pingyuan,Luchowska-Stańska, Urszula,Van Basten, Boy,Chen, Haiying,Liu, Zhiqing,Wiejak, Jolanta,Whelan, Padraic,Morgan, David,Lochhead, Emma,Barker, Graeme,Rehmann, Holger,Yarwood, Stephen J.,Zhou, Jia
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p. 5159 - 5184
(2020/06/03)
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- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Indole and Its Analogs as Influenza A Virus Inhibitors
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Influenza A virus (IAV), a highly pathogenic virus to human beings, is most susceptible to mutation and thus causes rapid, severe global pandemics resulting in millions of fatalities worldwide. Since resistance to the existing anti-influenza drugs is developing, innovative inhibitors with a different mode of action are urgently needed. The lead compound 6092B-E5 has proven to be an effective antiviral reagent in our previous work. Using the principles of substitution and bioisosterism of the indole ring, six series of novel anti-IAV target products were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral effect in this work. Compounds D1, D3, D9, G1, G3, G12 and G23 were identified as promising anti-IAV candidates with excellent anti-IAV efficacy (IC50 values of 3.06–5.77 μm) and low cytotoxicity (CC50 values up to and beyond 100 μm). This work represents a successful application of the substitution and bioisosteric replacement strategy for the discovery of novel antiviral molecules that can be used for further structural optimization.
- Zhang, Xuandi,Zhang, Guo-Ning,Wang, Yujia,Zhu, Mei,Wang, Juxian,Li, Ziqiang,Li, Donghui,Cen, Shan,Wang, Yucheng
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- Microwave (MW), ultrasound (US) and combined synergic MW-US strategies for rapid functionalization of pharmaceutical use phenols
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Increasingly stringent regulations aimed at protection of the natural environment have stimulated the search for new synthetic methodologies in organic and medicinal chemistry having no or minimum harmful effect. An interesting approach is the use of alternative activation factors, microwaves (MW) or ultrasounds (US) and also their cross-combination, which has been tested in the fast and efficient creation of new structures. At present, an easy and green hybrid strategy (“Lego” chemistry) is generally recommended for the design of new substances from different chemistry building blocks. Often, selected biologically active components with specific chemical reactivities are integrated by a suitably designed homo- or heterodifunctional linker that modifies the functionality of the starting structure, allowing easy covalent linkage to another molecule. In this study, a fast introduction of heterodifunctional halogenoacidic linker to selected mono-, di- and triphenolic active substances, allowing their functionalization, was investigated. Nucleophilic substitution reaction was chosen to produce final ethers with the reactive carboxylic group from phenols. The functionalization was performed using various green factors initiating and supporting the chemical reactions (MW, US, MW-US). The benefits of the three green supporting methods and different conditions of reactions were analyzed and compared with the results of the reaction performed by conventional methods.
- Pawe?czyk, Anna,Sowa-Kasprzak, Katarzyna,Olender, Dorota,Zaprutko, Lucjusz
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of aryloxyacetamide derivatives as neuroprotective agents
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A series of new aryloxyacetamide derivatives 10a-s and 14a-m are designed and synthesized. Their protective activities against the glutamate-induced cell death were investigated in differentiated rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells). Most compounds exhibited neuroprotective effects, especially for 10m, 10r, 14b and 14c, which showed potential protection of PC12 cells at three doses (0.1, 1.0, 10 μM). MTT assay, Hoechst 33342/PI double staining, and high content screening (HCS) revealed that pretreatment of the cells with 10m, 10r, 14b and 14c has significantly decreased the extent of cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The results of western blot analysis demonstrated these compounds suppressed apoptosis of glutamate-induced PC12 cells via caspase-3 pathway. These compounds can be lead compounds for further discovery of neuroprotective agents for treating cerebral ischemic stroke. Basic structure-activity relationships are also presented.
- Zhong, Yan,Xu, Yi,Zhang, Ai-Xia,Li, Xiao-Feng,Xu, Zhao-Ying,Li, Ping,Wu, Bin
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p. 2526 - 2530
(2016/07/07)
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- Formononetin derivatives and preparation methods and medical application thereof
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The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and relates to formononetin derivatives and preparation methods and medical application thereof, in particular to formononetin derivatives with the general formula as shown in (I), preparation methods thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and medical application of the derivatives and the pharmaceutical compositions, particularly, application of the derivatives and the pharmaceutical compositions serving as drugs for preventing or treating hyperlipidaemia or obesity or type-II diabetes. Please see the formula in the description.
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Paragraph 0069; 0070; 0071; 0078; 0079; 0080
(2017/04/29)
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- An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-(Aryloxyacetyl)cyclohexane-1,3-diones as Herbicidal 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Inhibitors
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4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) is an important target for new bleaching herbicides discovery. As a continuous work to discover novel crop selective HPPD inhibitor, a series of 2-(aryloxyacetyl)cyclohexane-1,3-diones were rationally designed and synthesized by an efficient one-pot procedure using N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), triethylamine, and acetone cyanohydrin in CH2Cl2. A total of 58 triketone compounds were synthesized in good to excellent yields. Some of the triketones displayed potent in vitro Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD (AtHPPD) inhibitory activity. 2-(2-((1-Bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy)acetyl)-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-one, II-13, displayed high, broad-spectrum, and postemergent herbicidal activity at the dosage of 37.5-150 g ai/ha, nearly as potent as mesotrione against some weeds. Furthermore, II-13 showed good crop safety against maize and canola at the rate of 150 g ai/ha, indicating that II-13 might have potential as a herbicide for weed control in maize and canola fields. II-13 is the first HPPD inhibitor showing good crop safety toward canola.
- Wang, Da-Wei,Lin, Hong-Yan,He, Bo,Wu, Feng-Xu,Chen, Tao,Chen, Qiong,Yang, Wen-Chao,Yang, Guang-Fu
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p. 8986 - 8993
(2016/12/09)
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- Radical decarboxylative fluorination of aryloxyacetic acids using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide and a photosensitizer
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Fluorinated methoxy arenes are emerging as important motifs in both agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. A novel technique for the synthesis of monofluoromethoxy arenes through the direct fluorodecarboxylation of carboxylic acids was developed that uses photosensitizers and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI). Utilization of the oxidatively mild fluorine transfer agent NFSI enabled the synthesis of fluoromethyl ethers that were previously inaccessible with decarboxylative fluorinations performed with Selectfluor. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the photosensitizer effecting oxidation of the aryloxyacetic acid.
- Leung, Joe C. T.,Sammis, Glenn M.
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p. 2197 - 2204
(2015/04/14)
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- Synthesis, evaluation and in silico molecular modeling of pyrroyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole inhibitors of InhA
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Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) is an essential type II fatty acid synthase (FAS-II) pathway enzyme that is an attractive target for designing novel antitubercular agents. Herein, we report sixty-eight novel pyrrolyl substituted aryloxy-1,3,4-thiadiazoles synthesized by three-step optimization processes. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) were established for pyrrolyl substituted aryloxy-1,3,4-thiadiazole series of InhA inhibitors using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). Docking analysis of the crystal structure of ENR performed by using Surflex-Dock in Sybyl-X 2.0 software indicates the occupation of pyrrolyl substituted aryloxy 1,3,4-thiadiazole into hydrophobic pocket of InhA enzyme. Based on docking and database alignment rules, two computational models were established to compare their statistical results. The analysis of 3D contour plots allowed us to investigate the effect of different substituent groups at different positions of the common scaffold. In vitro testing of ligands using biological assays substantiated the efficacy of ligands that were screened through in silico methods.
- Joshi, Shrinivas D.,More, Uttam A.,Koli, Deepshikha,Kulkarni, Manoj S.,Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.,Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.
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p. 151 - 167
(2015/03/30)
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- Design, synthesis, molecular docking and 3D-QSAR studies of potent inhibitors of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase as potential antimycobacterial agents
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In order to develop a lead antimycobacterium tuberculosis compound, a series of 52, novel pyrrole hydrazine derivatives have been synthesized and screened which target the essential enoyl-ACP reductase. The binding mode of the compounds at the active site of enoyl-ACP reductase was explored using surflex-docking method. The binding model suggests one or two hydrogen bonding interactions between pyrrole hydrazones and InhA enzyme. Highly active compound 5r (MIC 0.2 μg/mL) showed hydrogen bonding interactions with Tyr158 and NAD+ in the same manner as those of ligands PT70 and triclosan. The CoMFA and CoMSIA models generated with database alignment were the best in terms of overall statistics. The predictive ability of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models was determined using a test set of 13 compounds, which gave predictive correlation coefficients (rpred2) of 0.896 and 0.930, respectively.
- More, Uttam A.,Joshi, Shrinivas D.,Aminabhavi, Tejraj M.,Gadad, Andanappa K.,Nadagouda, Mallikarjuna N.,Kulkarni, Venkatrao H.
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p. 199 - 218
(2014/01/06)
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- Discovery of amide based fibrates as possible antidyslipidemic and antioxidant agents
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A novel series of amide based fibrates were synthesized and evaluated for antidyslipidemic activity in triton induced hyperlipidemic rats. Interestingly, the compound 13 produced striking reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG). In addition, it exhibited improved lipoprotein lipase activity and found to possess moderate radical scavenging potential. The results of the above studies shows that the compounds synthesized on fibrate based pharmacophores might result in identification of new lead for dyslipidemia.
- Sashidhara, Koneni V.,Palnati, Gopala Reddy,Dodda, Ranga Prasad,Sonkar, Ravi,Khanna,Bhatia, Gitika
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p. 302 - 310
(2013/01/15)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4- triazole incorporated 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles
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Several 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives 5a-i containing 1,2,4-triazole moiety incorporating two additional substituents were synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against certain strains of bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus coagulans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Compound 5a showed significant activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. Compounds 5a-i were also screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans and compounds 5a, 5b, 5d and 5g displayed significant activity against this fungus. Some of these compounds were evaluated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, acute toxicity and ulcerogenic actions. Tested compounds 5g and 5h showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and significant gastrointestinal protection compared to the standard drug diclofenac sodium. Molecular modeling studies of the synthesized compounds are presented.
- Azam, Mohammed Afzal,Suresh, Bhojraj,Srinivas, Naga,Sachdev, Sumit,Rajeshkumar, Raman
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p. 739 - 748
(2013/02/22)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-mercaptobenzothiazoles carrying 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole moieties
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Several 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives containing 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3,4-thiadiazoles at the second position were synthesized. Some of these synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory, acute toxicity and ulcerogenic actions. Some of the tested compounds showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Two of the compounds showed significant gastrointestinal protection compared to the standard drug diclofenac sodium. The compounds were also tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity with most displaying selective activity against the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present investigation the tested compounds did not possess antifungal activity.
- Azam, M. Afzal,Suresh, Bhojraj,Kalsi, Sandip S.,Antony, A. Shinesh
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p. 114 - 122
(2011/06/09)
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of new 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles
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A new series of 3-alkyl-6-aryloxy-1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-b] 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (4a-j) were synthesized by condensation of 3-alkyl-4-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4- triazoles (2) with aryloxy acetic acids (3) in presence of POCI3. The structures of the newly synthesized compouds were assigned on the basis of IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. All the new compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity.
- Revanasiddappa,Subrahmanyam,Satyanarayana
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p. 195 - 196
(2013/09/23)
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- DERIVATIVES OF BENZOTHIAZINES, PREPARATION THEREOF AND APPLICATION THEREOF AS DRUGS
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The object of the present invention is benzothiazine derivatives having the capability of inhibiting 11β-HSD1 not only at an enzymatic level but also at a cell level. The compounds of the present invention are of general formula (I). Wherein notably R1 represents a hydrogen or OR1 represents an ester or an ether. R2 represents a naphthyl or a 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthalene or a biphenyl or phenyl pyridine or a substituted phenyl. R3 represents a methyl or ethyl; R4 and R'4 represent a hydrogen.
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Page/Page column 52-53
(2010/09/18)
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- Synthesis of new 2-naphthyl ethers and their protective activities against DNA damage induced by bleomycin-iron
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The reaction of 2-naphthaloxyacetic acid with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphoryl chloride, followed by treatment with phenacylbromides, led to the formation of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 3a-c. 2-(Naphthalen-3-yloxy)acetohydrazide 4 on treatment with ethyl 2-(2-arylhydrazono)-3-oxobutanoates (5a-c), 2-methoxymethylene)malononitrile, or ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylate led to the formation of substituted pyrazoles 6-8. The reaction of the hydrazide 4 with hydrazonoyl chlorides 9a-c and 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic-1,2:4,5-dianhydride produced bis-diazo compounds 10a-c and dimide 11 respectively. All new compounds were tested for their protective activity against DNA damage induced by bleomycin-iron complex. Compound 2 showed the greatest protection against DNA damage, thus diminishing chromogen formation between the damaged DNA and thiobarbituric acid.
- Abdel-Wahab, Bakr F.,El-Ahl, Abdel-Aziz S.,Badria, Farid A.
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body text
p. 1348 - 1351
(2010/04/29)
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- A mild hydrolysis of esters mediated by lithium salts
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When treated with amine bases such as triethylamine and various lithium salts in wet solvents, esters are efficiently hydrolyzed to the corresponding acids in good yields. Esters incorporating an α- or β-heteroatom with respect to the ester carbonyl group are hydrolyzed rapidly even at room temperature. To further demonstrate the usefulness of this method, one example is provided where hydrolysis of acetylated camphorsultam is mediated by LiBr.
- Mattsson, Sara,Dahlstr?m, Mikael,Karlsson, Staffan
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p. 2497 - 2499
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient synthesis of benzofurans and their application in the preparation of natural products of the genus Calea
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The intramolecular cyclization of the β-substituted olefins methyl 2-aryloxy-3-dimethylaminopropenoates 3a-3f catalyzed by Lewis acids leads to a short and novel synthesis of benzofurans 2a-2f. When the olefins 4-dimethylamino-3-aryloxy-3-buten-2-ones 4a-4f were used, the cyclization process was faster and provided the corresponding substituted 2-acetylbenzofurans 1a-1f. Among the latter, naturally occurring compounds calebertin (1a), caleprunin A (1b), and caleprunin B (1c) were prepared in good overall yields. These benzofurans were also obtained by direct treatment under MW irradiation of the precursors 1-aryloxypropan-2-ones 7a-7c with DMFDMA, followed by addition of the catalyst, resulting in a route that was one step shorter.
- Del Carmen Cruz, María,Tamariz, Joaquín
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p. 10061 - 10072
(2007/10/03)
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- Inhibitors of phospholipase enzymes
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This invention provides substituted indole and indoline compounds useful in inhibiting phospholipase activity, particularly including cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activity, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using them to treat various maladies, including pain and inflammatory conditions.
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- Design, synthesis and antihistaminic (H1) activity of some condensed 3- aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones
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A novel series of condensed 3-amino-2-(substituted)methylpyrimidin- 4(3H)-ones is reported with potential H1 receptor antagonistic activity. The IC50 values for 23 compounds were found to be in the micromolar range. Five lead compounds (10c, e, g, r and t), when evaluated by the in vivo method were found to protect guinea-pigs from the histamine induced asphyxia and antagonized histamine in a competitive and reversible manner. With a pA2 value of 8.7 and protection time of 9.5 min (in vivo test), compound 10g was the most active amongst these five compounds. The isosteric replacement of the side chain -NH- in series 1, by oxygen and -NHSO2- functions, was undertaken to investigate the role of two amino functions in the receptor binding. This isosteric replacement with -O- does not affect the antihistaminic activity and the sedative potential of the series. Preliminary molecular modelling, studies indicate that the compounds with -NHSO2- in the side chain exhibit a closer fit with temelastine than their -O- isosteres. (C) 2000 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.
- Shishoo, Chamanlal J.,Shirsath, Vikas S.,Rathod, Ishwarsinh S.,Yande, Vikas D.
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p. 351 - 358
(2007/10/03)
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- A calixresorcinarene provides the framework for an artificial esterase
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An octa(dimethylaminopropyl)calixresorcin[4]arene (1c) is a primitive artificial esterase for 4-nitrophenyl esters.
- Pirrincioglu, Necmettin,Zaman, Flora,Williams, Andrew
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p. 2561 - 2562
(2007/10/03)
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- Bicyclic N-hydroxyurea inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase: Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and in vitro metabolic studies characterizing N-hydroxy-N-(2,3-dihydro-6-(phenylmethoxy)-3-benzofuranyl)urea
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A series of N-hydroxyurea derivatives have been prepared and examined as inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase. Oral activity was established by examining the inhibition of LTB4 biosynthesis in an ex vivo assay in the mouse. The pharmacodynamic performance in the mouse of selected compounds was assessed using an ex vivo LTB4 assay and an adoptive peritoneal anaphylaxis assay at extended pretreat times. Compounds with an extended duration of action were reexamined as the individual enantiomers in the ex vivo assay, and the (S) enantiomer of N-hydroxy-N-[2,3-dihydro-6-(phenylmethoxy)-3-benzofuranyl]urea, (+)-1a (SB 202235), was selected as the compound with the best overall profile. Higher plasma concentrations and longer plasma half-lives were found for (+)-1a relative to its enantiomer in the mouse, monkey, and dog. In vitro metabolic studies in mouse liver microsomes established enantiospecific glucuronidation as a likely mechanism for the observed differences between the enantiomers of 1a. Enantioselective glucuronidation favoring (-)-1a was also found in human liver microsomes.
- Adams, Jerry L.,Garigipati, Ravi S.,Sorenson, Margaret,Schmidt, Stanley J.,Brian, William R.,Newton, John F.,Tyrrell, Kathy A.,Garver, Eric,Yodis, Lee A.,Chabot-Fletcher, Marie,Tzimas, Maritsa,Webb, Edward F.,Breton, John J.,Griswold, Don E.
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p. 5035 - 5046
(2007/10/03)
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- The rapid synthesis of organic compounds in microwave ovens
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This work demonstrates that organic compounds can be synthesized up to 1240 times faster in sealed Teflon vessels in a microwave oven than by conventional (reflux) techniques.It is shown that all polar molecules absorb microwave energy rapidly and that the rate of energy absorption varies with the dielectric constant.The rates of reaction of polar molecules in nonpolar solvents are not increased appreciably by the microwave method.Also, the homogeneity of the reaction does not affect the rate enhancement.The rate enhancement arises predominantly because the oven superheats the solvent rapidly.Finally, pressure (temperature) measurements have shown that the maximum rate enhancement is achieved when the proper power level and volume of solvent are used.It appears that rate enhancements of approximately 200 are possible for many reactions if the reaction conditions are optimized.
- Gedye, Richard N.,Smith, Frank E.,Westaway, Kenneth Charles
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- POLYMER SUPPORTED REAGENTS: USE OF ANION EXCHANGE RESIN IN THE SYNTHESIS OF ARYLOXY ACETIC ACIDS
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Phenoxides supported on Amberlite IRA 400 on reaction with sodium salt of chloroacetic acid gave corresponding aryloxy acetic acid in high yields.Interestingly nitrophenols, 4-hydroxy coumarin and p-hydroxy ethylbenzoate gave excellent yields of the product.
- Deshmukh, J. G.,Jagdale, M. H.,Mane, R. B.,Salunkhe, M. M.
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p. 479 - 484
(2007/10/02)
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- 1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivatives, process for making the same and compositions containing the same having growth regulating activity for plants
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1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R2 and R3 have the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property without accompanying unpleasant odors.
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- 1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id derivatives, process for making the same and composition containing the same having a growth regulating activity for plants
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1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id-derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R1 has the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur and B is a univalent metal atom. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property.
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