- Rational Alteration of Pharmacokinetics of Chiral Fluorinated and Deuterated Derivatives of Emixustat for Retinal Therapy
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Recycling of all-trans-retinal to 11-cis-retinal through the visual cycle is a fundamental metabolic pathway in the eye. A potent retinoid isomerase (RPE65) inhibitor, (R)-emixustat, has been developed and tested in several clinical trials; however, it has not received regulatory approval for use in any specific retinopathy. Rapid clearance of this drug presents challenges to maintaining concentrations in eyes within a therapeutic window. To address this pharmacokinetic inadequacy, we rationally designed and synthesized a series of emixustat derivatives with strategically placed fluorine and deuterium atoms to slow down the key metabolic transformations known for emixustat. Crystal structures and quantum chemical analysis of RPE65 in complex with the most potent emixustat derivatives revealed the structural and electronic bases for how fluoro substituents can be favorably accommodated within the active site pocket of RPE65. We found a close (~3.0 ?) F?π interaction that is predicted to contribute ~2.4 kcal/mol to the overall binding energy.
- Blum, Eliav,Zhang, Jianye,Zaluski, Jordan,Einstein, David E.,Korshin, Edward E.,Kubas, Adam,Gruzman, Arie,Tochtrop, Gregory P.,Kiser, Philip D.,Palczewski, Krzysztof
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- CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS 251
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The invention relates to chemical compounds of formula (I), and salts thereof. In some embodiments, the invention relates to inhibitors or modulators of PIM-1 and/or PIM-2, and/or PIM-3 protein kinase activity or enzyme function. In still further embodiments, the invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds disclosed herein, and their use in the prevention and treatment of PIM kinase related conditions and diseases, preferably cancer.
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(2011/10/02)
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