- Coupling Reaction of Enol Derivatives with Silyl Ketene Acetals Catalyzed by Gallium Trihalides
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A cross-coupling reaction between enol derivatives and silyl ketene acetals catalyzed by GaBr3took place to give the corresponding α-alkenyl esters. GaBr3showed the most effective catalytic ability, whereas other metal salts such as BF3?OEt2, AlCl3, PdCl2, and lanthanide triflates were not effective. Various types of enol ethers and vinyl carboxylates as enol derivatives are amenable to this coupling. The scope of the reaction with silyl ketene acetals was also broad. We successfully observed an alkylgallium intermediate by using NMR spectroscopy, suggesting a mechanism involving anti-carbogallation among GaBr3, an enol derivative, and a silyl ketene acetal, followed by syn-β-alkoxy elimination from the alkylgallium. Based on kinetic studies, the turnover-limiting step of the reaction using a vinyl ether and a vinyl carboxylate involved syn-β-alkoxy elimination and anti-carbogallation, respectively. Therefore, the leaving group had a significant effect on the progress of the reaction. Theoretical calculations analysis suggest that the moderate Lewis acidity of gallium would contribute to a flexible conformational change of the alkylgallium intermediate and to the cleavage of the carbon?oxygen bond in the β-alkoxy elimination process, which is the turnover-limiting step in the reaction between a vinyl ether and a silyl ketene acetal.
- Nishimoto, Yoshihiro,Kita, Yuji,Ueda, Hiroki,Imaoka, Hiroto,Chiba, Kouji,Yasuda, Makoto,Baba, Akio
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supporting information
p. 11837 - 11845
(2016/08/05)
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- Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Esters and Lactones by Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation
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An electrophilic trifluoromethylation of ketene silyl acetals (KSAs) by hypervalent iodine reagents 1 and 2 has been developed. The reaction proceeds under very mild conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of trimethylsilyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (up to 2.5 mol %) as a Lewis acid providing a direct access to a variety of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary α-trifluoromethyl esters and lactones in high yield (up to 98%).
- Katayev, Dmitry,Matou?ek, Václav,Koller, Raffael,Togni, Antonio
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p. 5898 - 5901
(2015/12/11)
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- The mukaiyama aldol reactions for congested ketones catalyzed by solid acid of tin(IV) ion-exchanged montmorillonite
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Tin(IV) ion-exchanged montmorillonite (Sn-Mont) was found to be an excellent solid acid catalyst for the Mukaiyama aldol reactions of congested ketones with silicon enolates from ketones as well as esters. It was disclosed that Sn-Mont was far more active than other metal ion-or proton-exchanged montmorillonites and typical homogeneous acid catalysts such as TMSOTf and BF3?OEt2.
- Takehira, Satoshi,Masui, Yoichi,Onaka, Makoto
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supporting information
p. 498 - 500
(2014/04/17)
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- Mechanistic studies on α-trifluoromethylation of ketones via silyl enol ethers and its application to other carbonyl compounds
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Synthesis of α-CF3 carbonyl compounds has been recognized to be difficult up to now because the polarization of CF3δ--Iδ+ is opposite to that of CH3δ+-Iδ-, and this makes it difficult to introduce CF3+ unit to enolates. We recently reported an effective R-trifluoromethylation of ketones by using Et 2Zn with Rh catalyst, but the mechanism has not fully been cleared. Now, we carried out the detailed mechanistic studies and found the involvement of a highly reactive alkylrhodium complex which derived from Et2Zn and RhCl(PPh3)3 in this α-trifluoromethylation. Furthermore, this α-trifluoromethylation was applied to other types of carbonyl compounds in good yields.
- Sato, Kazuyuki,Yuki, Takashi,Yamaguchi, Ryoji,Hamano, Tetsuya,Tarui, Atsushi,Omote, Masaaki,Kumadaki, Itsumaro,Ando, Akira
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3815 - 3819
(2009/10/01)
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