- Employing in vitro metabolism to guide design of F-labelled PET probes of novel α-synuclein binding bifunctional compounds
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A challenge in the development of novel 18F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes is identification of metabolically stable sites to incorporate the 18F radioisotope. Metabolic loss of 18F from PET probes in vivo can lead to misleading biodistribution data as displaced 18F can accumulate in various tissues. In this study we report on in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of novel caffeine containing bifunctional compounds (C8-6-I, C8-6-N, C8-6-C8) that can prevent in vitro aggregation of α-synuclein, which is associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. The metabolic profile obtained guided us to synthesize stable isotope 19F-labelled analogues in which the fluorine was introduced at the metabolically stable N7 of the caffeine moiety. An in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism study of the 19F-labelled analogues resulted in similar metabolites to the unlabelled compounds and demonstrated that the fluorine was metabolically stable, suggesting that these analogues are appropriate PET imaging probes. This straightforward in vitro strategy is valuable for avoiding costly stability failures when designing radiolabelled compounds for PET imaging.
- Aigbogun, Omozojie P.,Allen, Kevin J. H,Krol, Ed S.,Lee, Jeremy S.,Nwabufo, Chukwunonso K.,Owens, Madeline N.,Phenix, Christopher P.
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Read Online
- Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Redox-Active Esters with Aliphatic Aldehydes
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The addition of alkyl fragments to aliphatic aldehydes is a highly desirable transformation for fragment couplings, yet existing methods come with operational challenges related to the basicity and instability of the nucleophilic reagents commonly employed. We report herein that nickel catalysis using a readily available bioxazoline (BiOx) ligand can catalyze the reductive coupling of redox-active esters with aliphatic aldehydes using zinc metal as the reducing agent to deliver silyl-protected secondary alcohols. This protocol is operationally simple, proceeds under mild conditions, and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Initial mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway. Additionally, alkyl tosylates and epoxides are suitable alkyl precursors to this transformation providing a versatile suite of catalytic reactions for the functionalization of aliphatic aldehydes.
- Xiao, Jichao,Li, Zhenning,Montgomery, John
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supporting information
p. 21234 - 21240
(2021/12/27)
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- INHIBITORS OF KEAP1-Nrf2 PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION
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Sultam compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of making them, and methods of using them including methods for treating disease states, disorders, and conditions associated with the KEAP1-Nrf2 interaction, such as inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Paragraph 2031-2032; 2243-2244
(2020/03/01)
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- Compounds and Their Use in Treating Cancer
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The specification generally relates to compounds of Formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, where R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, Linker, X, Y, A, G, D and E have any of the meanings defined herein. This specification also relates to the use of such compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof in methods of treatment of the human or animal body, for example in prevention or treatment of cancer. This specification also relates to processes and intermediate compounds involved in the preparation of such compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
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Paragraph 1554; 1555
(2019/07/10)
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- TAU-PROTEIN TARGETING PROTACS AND ASSOCIATED METHODS OF USE
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The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility as modulators of tau protein. In particular, the present disclosure is directed to bifunctional compounds, which contain on one end a VHL or cereblon ligand which binds to the E3 ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds tau protein, such that tau protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of tau. The present disclosure exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with degradation/inhibition of tau protein. Diseases or disorders that result from aggregation or accumulation of tau protein are treated or prevented with compounds and compositions of the present disclosure.
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Paragraph 1130; 1485
(2018/05/24)
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- COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR THE TARGETED DEGRADATION OF BROMODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEINS
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The present invention relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility as modulators of targeted ubiquitination, especially inhibitors of a variety of polypeptides and other proteins which are degraded and/or otherwise inhibited by bifunctional compounds according to the present invention. In particular, the present invention is directed to compounds, which contain on one end a VHL ligand which binds to the ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds a target protein such that the target protein is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of that protein. The present invention exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with compounds according to the present invention, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of targeted polypeptides.
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Paragraph 00363; 00364
(2017/03/21)
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- Synthesis of Silodosin by Copper-Catalysed C-C Arylation
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The synthesis of silodosin, an antidysuria drug, has been accomplished starting from commercially available indoline. The synthetic strategy is based on CuI-catalysed C-C arylation, regioselective cyanation, and diastereoselective reductive amination. The enantiopure compound was obtained by selective crystallisation of a diasteroisomeric mixture.
- Calogero, Francesco,Allegrini, Pietro,Attolino, Emanuele,Passarella, Daniele
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p. 6011 - 6016
(2015/09/22)
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- METHOD OF PREPARING ADRENERGIC ANTAGONIST
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of preparing a selective adrenergic antagonist for an α-1A-adrenergic receptor and a useful intermediate thereof. SOLUTION: This invention provides an advantageous production method of a novel intermediate particularly fitted for production on an industrial scale, regarding the production of a pharmaceutical compound represented by formula (I), silodosin: 1-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-[(2R)-({2-[2-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) phenoxy]ethyl}amino) propyl]indoline-7-carboxamide, or salt thereof. COPYRIGHT: (C)2015,JPOandINPIT
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- Polyaniline copolymers with solvent-mimic side chains
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We investigated new polyaniline copolymers with solvent-mimic side chains for enhanced processability in various solvents. The solvent-mimic side chains, benzyloxypropoxy (BOP), phenoxybutoxy (POB), and dihydroxypropoxy (DHP), were introduced into copolym
- Lee, Seung-Chul,Jung, Chan-Keun,Jung, Hoon-Joo,Lee, Suck-Hyun,Kwon
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p. 1986 - 1995
(2015/08/03)
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- Substituted Fused Imidazole Derivatives, Pharmaceutical Compositions, and Methods of Use Thereof
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Substituted fused imidazole derivatives, methods of their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions comprising a substituted fused imidazole derivative, and methods of use in treating inflammation are provided. The substituted fused imidazole derivatives may control the activity or the amount or both the activity and the amount of heme-oxygenase.
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Page/Page column 117; 148
(2011/09/14)
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- Dynamic kinetic resolution: An efficient route to anti α-amino- β-hydroxy esters via Ru-SYNPHOS catalyzed hydrogenation
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The Ru(II)-catalyzed hydrogenation of α-amino-β-keto esters as their hydrochloride salts affords preparation of the corresponding anti α-amino-β-hydroxy esters under mild conditions with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities via dynamic kinetic resolution.
- Mordant, Celine,Duenkelmann, Pascal,Ratovelomanana-Vidal, Virginie,Genet, Jean-Pierre
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p. 1296 - 1297
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans using a sulfoxonium ylide
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Nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2,3-epoxy alcohols, easily prepared via Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation chemistry, offer access to a wide variety of enantiomerically pure compounds. In this communication, we describe the use of a Payne rearrangement to control regioselectivity in the ring-opening of a series of 2,3-epoxy alcohols with dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to yield diastereomerically and/or enantiomerically pure disubstituted tetrahydrofuran rings. The factors influencing the success and substitution pattern of the THF ring products are discussed, including steric, electronic, and solvent effects. Copyright
- Schomaker, Jennifer M.,Pulgam, Veera Reddy,Borhan, Babak
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p. 13600 - 13601
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of Discrete Oligoethers: Synthesis of Pentabutylene Glycol and Hexapropylene Glycol by Two Complementary Methods
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Two experimentally facile methods for the preparation of discrete oligoethers are reported. The first involves an iterative sequence of oxidation, acetal formation, and reductive ring opening for the synthesis of penta-1,4-butylene glycol. The second method is also iterative, comprising phase-transfer etherification and end-group deprotection to form hexa-1,3-propylene glycol. These methods offer significantly improved yields and purification protocols over previously reported syntheses.
- Knuf, Erin C.,Jiang, Jian-Kang,Gin, Mary S.
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p. 9166 - 9169
(2007/10/03)
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- Lewis acid induced rearrangement of 2,3-epoxy sulfides; regiospecific trapping of thiiranium ion intermediates with nitrogen heterocycles and amides. Use of imines as nucleophilic equivalents for the selective monoalkylation of primary amines
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The Lewis acid induced conversion of 2,3-epoxy sulfides into the corresponding 3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,2-thiiranium ions is described. Such intermediates react with silylated nitrogen heterocycles and amides regiospecifically to form 1-substituted-3-hydroxy-2-thioethers in good to moderate yields with full stereochemical control. Exclusive N-alkylation is observed. When simple primary amines are used as nucleophiles, only products of polyalkylation are isolated. However, imines can be effectively used as the nucleophilic equivalent of a primary amine, the initially formed iminium ions being readily hydrolysed by aqueous base to liberate a secondary amine, the product of overall selective monoalkylation of a primary amine.
- Gill, Duncan M.,Pegg, Neil A.,Rayner, Christopher M.
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p. 3609 - 3630
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of a series of trifluoromethylazoles and determination of pKa of acidic and basic trifluoromethyl heterocycles by 19F NMR spectroscopy
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Trifluoroacetylation at the 5-position of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran and the 3-position of 4,5-dihydrofuran, followed by treatment with hydrazine, gave 3-(3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)propanol and 2-(3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)ethanol, respectively.In the latter case, an intermediate dimer was isolated.Isomeric 2-(3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)ethanol was formed by reaction of hydrazine with 6-benzyloxy-1,1,1-trifluorohex-3-yn-2-one and deprotection.Reaction of 3-benzyloxypropylamine with 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole, followed by deprotection, afforded 3-propanol.A series of 2-trifluoromethyl-1H-benzimidazoles and 2-trifluoromethyl-3H-imidazopyridines were prepared by condensation of the appropriate ortho-arenediamine with trifluoroacetic acid.Analysis of the 19F NMR spectra of the trifluoromethylazoles and of 3-trifluoromethylpyridine in aqueous solution at different pHs enabled determination of pKa values.All the compounds evaluated had one or more pKa between 1 and 13, except the triazole.Several compounds were identified as having potential use in measuring pH in biological media by 19F NMR spectroscopy.
- Jones, Brian G.,Branch, Sarah K.,Thompson, Andrew S.,Threadgill, Michael D.
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p. 2685 - 2692
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of sialyl Lewis X analogues
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Sialyl Lewis X (SLex) analogs 2a and 2b were synthesised, where the N-acetyl-D-glucose and the D-galactose units of SLex 1 were replaced with an alkyl and a heteroalkyl spacer. Sulphate ester 6i was also synthesised from alcohol 6b and chlorosulphonic acid. A novel promoter, silver mercaptoethanesulphonate, was used to synthesise α-sialosides 2c, 7b and 7c.
- Dekany, Gyula,Wright, Karen,Ward, Peter,Toth, Istvan
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p. 383 - 398
(2007/10/03)
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