Triphenylphosphine/germanium(IV) chloride combination: A new agent for the reduction of α-bromo carboxylic acid derivatives
The Ph3P/GeCl4 combination was found to be effective for the reduction of various α-bromo carboxylic acid derivatives. When a-bromo carboxylic acid derivatives were treated with Ph3P/GeCl4, the corresponding dehalogenated products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Moreover, selected carboxylic acid derivatives were dehalogenated even when a catalytic amount (0.2 equiv) of GeCl4 was employed in the presence of water (1.0 equiv). The present reduction was also applied to the selective half-reduction of an α,α-dibromo-β-lactam.
Solvent-free transesterification in a ball-mill over alumina surface
An efficient procedure for transesterification has been developed in a ball-mill in the absence of any solvent, acid/base or metal catalyst. A variety of methyl, ethyl, allyl esters have been transesterified to higher benzyl and other esters in high yields by this procedure.
Chatterjee, Tanmay,Saha, Debasree,Ranu, Brindaban C.
experimental part
p. 4142 - 4144
(2012/08/28)
Scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate as an extremely active Lewis acid catalyst in acylation of alcohols with acid anhydrides and mixed anhydrides
Scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate), which is commercially available, is a practical and useful Lewis acid catalyst for acylation of alcohols with acid anhydrides or the esterification of alcohols by carboxylic acids in the presence of p-nitrobenzoic anhydrides. The remarkably high catalytic activity of scandium triflate can be used for assisting the acylation by acid anhydrides of not only primary alcohols but also sterically-hindered secondary or tertiary alcohols. The method presented is especially effective for selective macrolactonization of ω-hydroxy carboxylic acids.
A Novel Transesterification of Thioesters with Alcohols by an Electrochemical Activation
Esters were synthesized from thioesters and alcohols in high yields by an electrochemical activation.Different results were obtained by the use of n-Bu4N+ I- and LiBF4 as the electrolyte.