- Facile and simple synthesis of N -alkyl and N -aryl 2-benzazepines by nucleophilic heteroannulation
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An efficient and practical synthesis of N-alkyl and N-aryl 2-benzazepine has been developed. The key steps involved in the synthesis were palladium-mediated Heck reaction followed by aza heterocyclic ring construction by nucleophilic heteroannulation. This four-step sequence synthetic protocol gave moderate to good yields for a wide range of substrates. Subsequently, functionalization of the synthesized compound was carried out under Heck and Suzuki reaction conditions.
- Srinivasan,Rajashekar,Shyamapada,Syam Kumar
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- Organocatalytic Access to a cis-Cyclopentyl-γ-amino Acid: An Intriguing Model of Selectivity and Formation of a Stable 10/12-Helix from the Corresponding γ/α-Peptide
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In this study, we have developed a highly enantioselective organocatalytic route to the (1S,2R)-2-(aminomethyl)cyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid monomer precursor, which has a cis-configuration between the C- and N-termini around the cyclopentane core. Kinet
- Fanelli, Rossana,Berta, Dénes,F?ldes, Tamás,Rosta, Edina,Atkinson, Robert Andrew,Hofmann, Hans-J?rg,Shankland, Kenneth,Cobb, Alexander J. A.
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- Macrocyclic Modulators of the Ghrelin Receptor
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The present invention provides novel conformationally-defined macrocyclic compounds that have been demonstrated to be selective modulators of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHS-R1a and subtypes, isoforms and variants thereof). Methods of synthesizing the novel compounds are also described herein. These compounds are useful as agonists of the ghrelin receptor and as medicaments for treatment and prevention of a range of medical conditions including, but not limited to, metabolic and/or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and obesity-associated disorders, central nervous system disorders, genetic disorders, hyperproliferative disorders and inflammatory disorders.
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Paragraph 0429; 0430
(2018/05/03)
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- Sulfones as Synthetic Linchpins: Transition-Metal-Free sp3–sp2 and sp2–sp2 Cross-Couplings Between Geminal Bis(sulfones) and Organolithium Compounds
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A valuable umpolung strategy that highlights the ambiphilic nature of the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl synthon and demonstrates its utility as a synthetic linchpin is reported. Although the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl group is typically introduced as an sp3-carbon nucleophile, it is demonstrated that it can also function as an effective sp2-carbon electrophile in the presence of organolithium nucleophiles. Alkyl- and aryllithiums couple with the central carbon of the bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl unit to ultimately generate trisubstituted alkenes, comprising formal sp3–sp2 and sp2–sp2 cross-couplings between organolithium reagents and bis(sulfones). This process occurs almost instantaneously at ?78 °C in the absence of any transition metals. By developing this curious transformation, it has been demonstrated that bis(phenylsulfonyl)methane is a valuable synthetic linchpin, which can undergo two C?C bond-forming processes as an sp3-nucleophile, followed by a third C?C bond-forming reaction as an effective sp2-electrophile. This discovery significantly enhances the utility of this ubiquitous, but underutilized, linker group.
- Trost, Barry M.,Kalnmals, Christopher A.
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supporting information
p. 9066 - 9074
(2018/06/29)
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- Copper-Catalyzed Cleavage of Unstrained C-C Bonds for the Synthesis of 1-Acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines from Cyclic or Acyclic Ketones
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A copper-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of 1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidines through the C-C bond cleavage of cyclic or acyclic ketones was developed. In this chemistry, a combination of CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate, and aniline was crucial for the formation of the desired products by the reaction of ketones with TEMPO. This research provides a new strategy for the further transformation of α-aryl cyclic or acyclic ketones.
- Jiang, Qijian,Yang, Luo,Zhou, Wang
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p. 2163 - 2168
(2017/09/26)
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- Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic properties of a macrocyclic ghrelin receptor agonist (Part I): Development of ulimorelin (TZP-101) from Hit to Clinic
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High-throughput screening of Tranzyme Phar-ma's proprietary macrocycle library using the aequorin Ca2+-bioluminescence assay against the human ghrelin receptor (GRLN) led to the discovery of novel agonists against this G-protein coupled receptor. Early hits such as 1 (Ki = 86 nM, EC50 = 134 nM) though potent in vitro displayed poor pharmacokinetic properties that required optimization. While such macrocycles are not fully rule-of-five compliant, principally due to their molecular weight and clogP, optimization of their pharmacokinetic properties proved feasible largely through conformational rigidification. Extensive SAR led to the identification of 2 (Ki = 16 nM, EC50 = 29 nM), also known as ulimorelin or TZP-101, which has progressed to phase III human clinical trials for the treatment of postoperative ileus. X-ray structure and detailed NMR studies indicated a rigid peptidomimetic portion in 2 that is best defined as a nonideal type-I′ β-turn. Compound 2 is 24% orally bioavailable in both rats and monkeys. Despite its potency, in vitro and in gastric emptying studies, 2 did not induce growth hormone (GH) release in rats, thus demarcating the GH versus GI pharmacology of GRLN. (Figure presented)
- Hoveyda, Hamid R.,Marsault, Eric,Gagnon, René,Mathieu, Axel P.,Vézina, Martin,Landry, Annick,Wang, Zhigang,Benakli, Kamel,Beaubien, Sylvie,Saint-Louis, Carl,Brassard, Martin,Pinault, Jean-Fran?ois,Ouellet, Luc,Bhat, Shridhar,Ramaseshan, Mahesh,Peng, Xiaowen,Foucher, Laurence,Beauchemin, Sophie,Bhérer, Patrick,Veber, Daniel F.,Peterson, Mark L.,Fraser, Graeme L.
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p. 8305 - 8320
(2012/01/15)
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- Activated iodosylbenzene monomer as an ozone equivalent: Oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds in the presence of water
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Reported here for the first time are the developments of an efficient method for oxidative cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds yielding carbonyl compounds by using aryl-λ3-iodanes, which involve a combination of iodosylbenzene and HBF4 in the presence of water. The method serves as a safety alternative to ozonolysis. The oxidative cleavage of olefins probably involves the hitherto unknown direct vicinal dihydroxylations of double bonds with aryl-λ3-iodanes and the subsequent oxidative glycol fissions. Cyclic (cyclopentenes, cyclohexenes, etc.) and acyclic olefins are cleaved smoothly under our conditions. In the reaction of electron-deficient styrenes such as m-nitrostyrene, intermediate formation of the corresponding epoxide was detected. A variety of aryloxiranes also undergo an oxidative cleavage of the epoxide rings under our conditions, and aromatic aldehydes were obtained in good yields. Copyright
- Miyamoto, Kazunori,Tada, Norihiro,Ochiai, Masahito
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p. 2772 - 2773
(2007/10/03)
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- Discovery of a new class of macrocyclic antagonists to the human motilin receptor
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A novel class of macrocyclic peptidomimetics was identified and optimized as potent antagonists to the human motilin receptor (hMOT-R). Well-defined structure-activity relationships allowed for rapid optimization of potency that eventually led to high aff
- Marsault, Eric,Hoveyda, Hamid R.,Peterson, Mark L.,Saint-Louis, Carl,Landry, Annick,Vézina, Martin,Quellet, Luc,Wang, Zhigang,Ramaseshan, Mahesh,Beaubien, Sylvie,Benakli, Kamel,Beauchemin, Sophie,Déziel, Robert,Peeters, Théo,Fraser, Graeme L.
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p. 7190 - 7197
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthons for biologically active compounds on the basis of naphthalene ozonolysis products
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Ozonolysis of naphthalene in aqueous methanol, followed by the reduction of peroxy compounds thus formed with potassium iodide in the presence of acetic acid, gave 3-methoxy-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one. In the absence of water, the product was methyl o-formylbenzoate. The latter was used as a synthon for the preparation of aromatic analogs of (2E)-2,6-dimethyloct-2-ene-1,8-diol ethers which are effective juvenoids. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
- Kukovinets,Kislitsyn,Zainullin,Abdullin,Galin
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p. 396 - 402
(2007/10/03)
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- 4-PHENYLPIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES AS RENIN INHIBITORS
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Compounds of the present invention having the formula (I) exhibit inhibitory activity on the natural enzyme renin. Thus, compounds of formula (I) may be employed for the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis, unstable coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyopathy postinfarction, unstable coronary syndrome, diastolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, hepatic fibrosis, complications resulting from diabetes, such as nephropathy, vasculopathy and neuropathy, diseases of the coronary vessels, restenosis following angioplasty, raised intra-ocular pressure, glaucoma, abnormal vascular growth, hyperaldosteronism, cognitive impairment, alzheimers, dementia, anxiety states and cognitive disorders.
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Page/Page column 72
(2008/06/13)
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- Highly diastereoselective radical cyclizations on soluble ring opening metathesis supports
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equation presented This study represents the first examples of stereoselective radical cyclizations on soluble supports. A stereocontrol element consisting of a polymer-imbedded (+)-isosorbide chiral auxiliary was used in each monomer subunit. A survey of
- Enholm, Eric J.,Cottone, Jennifer S.
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p. 3959 - 3960
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of 1-(2-Carboxyethylbenzyl)-2-benzenesulfonamidobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane: A Novel Potent Thromboxane Antagonist
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A potent thromboxane antagonist, 1-[2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzyl)]-2-benzenesulfonamidobicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane was synthesized from norcamphor in 8 steps. It was shown to be a very potent thromboxane antagonist by inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by
- Kan, Wai-Ming,Chern, Ching-Yuh,Su, Sheng-Fang
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p. 711 - 712
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of Aromatic Annulated ε-Lactones
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The synthesis of three isomeric benzoxepinones 2, 7 and 8 by oxidation of the ω-diols 1 and 6 with silver carbonate on Celite is reported. Key Words: ε-Lactones / Oxidation of ω-diols with silver carbonate on Celite
- Meise, Werner,Arth, Christoph
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p. 163 - 166
(2007/10/02)
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