- Applications of microwave in organic synthesis: An improved one-step synthesis of metallophthalocyanines and a new modified microwave oven for dry reactions
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Metallophthalocyanine complexes are obtained quickly and efficiently by the reaction of phthalodinitrile with hydrated metallic salts without solvent and under microwave irradiation. The use of a modified commercial microwave oven to perform this type of reactions under dry conditions is described. Metallophthalocyanines and metallododecachlorophthalocyanines of some divalent metals can be also obtained from phthalic or tetrachlorophthalic anhydrides with hydrated metallic salt and urea under microwave irradiation and without solvent.
- Villemin, Didier,Hammadi, Mohamed,Hachemi, Messaoud,Bar, Nathalie
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- Reactions of ferrocene with phthalonitrile on the surface of oxide powders
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The reaction of ferrocene with phthalonitrile at 200°C in a vacuum in the absence of solvents forms crystals of the monoclinic phthalocyanine β phase and ferrocene polymerization products. The use of oxide powders (SiO 2, V2O5) as a surface for the reaction of ferrocene with phthalonitrile makes it possible to obtain iron phthalocyanines. The samples of pure compounds and deposited phthalocyanine complexes were analyzed by electronic absorption and IR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
- Suvorova,Verle,Bazyakina,Kutyreva,Makarov,Shchupak
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p. 649 - 653
(2008/02/08)
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- m-OXO CROSSLINKED DISSIMILAR METAL PHTHALOCYANINE COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR SELECTIVELY PRODUCING THE SAME
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An object of the present invention is to provide a novel μ-oxo bridged heterometal phthalocyanine compound, and a production method such that the μ-oxo bridged heterometal phthalocyanine compound is obtained simply, selectively and with high yield. The μ-oxo bridged heterometal phthalocyanine compound has a structure in which the central metal atom (M1) in a metal phthalocyanine including M1 as central metal thereof is oxo-bridged with the central metal M2 in a metal phthalocyanine including M2 as central metal thereof.
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Page/Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Mu-oxo bridged heterometal compound and selective production method thereof
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An object of the present invention is to provide a new μ-oxo bridged heterometal compound, which can make the photo-functional materials to have diversified properties, and a production method such that the μ-oxo bridged heterometal compound is obtained simply, selectively and with high yield. The present invention provides μ-oxo bridged heterometal compounds, NcM1-O-M2Nc, PcM1-O-M2Nc and NcM1-O-M2Pc wherein Nc represents naphthalocyanine, Pc represents phthalocyanine, M1 represents a metal atom which is able to have a valence of up to three, and M2 represents a metal atom which is able to have a valence of four or five.
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- Bulk optical properties of phthalocyanine pigment particles
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The optical absorption spectra of small particles of α-, β-, and κ-form of metal-free phthalocyanine (H2Pc) and vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc) surrounded by a dielectric (polymers) have been studied.The true bulk absorption can be obtained by measuring the difference in transmittance of two films of identical composition but different thicknesses.This approach eliminates effectively light reflection losses.Comparison between the absorption spectra measured by direct vs. difference in transmittance revealed a number of differences: shift in the absorption frequencies, change in absorption intensities, and change in peak-to-valley ratio.These differences are due to light scattering which can be significantly minimized by using the differential transmittance method.The true peak absorption of κ-H2Pc particles located at 770 and 615 nm had an absorption coefficient of 35.3 and 34.2 μm-1, respectively.The absorption minimum occurs at 477 nm.The peak-to-valley ratio was 27.The absorption spectra of VOPc particles did not correspond to any one polymorph, but are due to a mixture of two known polymorphs.Some discrepancies between the particle absorption of α-H2Pc or β-H2Pc and the corresponding evaporated film absorption were observed.These dicrepancies are attributed to the spread in particle size and also to local agglomeration of the particles.
- Loutfy, Rafik O.
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p. 549 - 554
(2007/10/02)
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