- Production of propylene glycol fatty acid monoesters by lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents
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Fatty acid monoesters of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol) are good water-in-oil emulsifiers. These esters were synthesized enzymatically to overcome the problems associated with chemical processes. A Pseudomonas lipase was added to reaction mixtures containing propylene glycol and various acyl donors (fatty acids, fatty acid ethyl esters, fatty acid anhydrides and triglycerides) in organic solvents, and the mixtures were shaken at 30 °C. The products were analyzed by gas chromatography. The yield of monoesters was affected by the acyl donors, organic solvents, temperature, water content, pH memory and reaction time. The anhydrous (lyophilized) enzyme and fatty acid anhydrides were best for monoester production. The optimum pH ranges were 4-5 and 8-10. The yields of propylene glycol monolaurate, monomyristate, monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate with 50 mM fatty acid anhydrides as acyl donors were 97.2, 79.6, 83.7, 89.7 and 93.4 mM, respectively; those with 50 mM fatty acids as acyl donors were 37.3, 28.7, 28.7, 35.3 and 36.2 mM, respectively. The yields of propylene glycol monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate with 50 mM triglycerides as acyl donors were 87.4, 65.1 and 83.2 mM, respectively.
- Shaw,Shian
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- Preparation method of lauric acid propylene glycol ester type anti-wear agent
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The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricants, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a lauric acid propylene glycol ester type anti-wear agent. The method comprises the following steps of: by taking lauric acid and 1, 3-propylene glycol as raw materials, adding lauric acid and 1, 3-propylene glycol into a four-neck flask, then adding a catalyst H-732 cation exchange resin, introducing nitrogen, controlling the reaction temperature at 100-110 DEG C, and measuring the acid value of the product every 1 hour in the reaction process until the acid value is less than 1mg KOH/g, thereby finishing the reaction. The synthetic product provided by the invention has good wear resistance, and the catalyst can be repeatedly used.
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Paragraph 0019-0021; 0022-0024; 0025-0027; 0028-0030; 0031
(2021/04/28)
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- Encapsulation of microparticles in teardrop shaped polymer capsules of cellular size
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Microparticles such as propagules of eukaryotic biocontrol agents are encapsulated in cellular-scale polymer capsules that have a diameter similar to normal eukaryotic cells in a range of about 10 μm to about 400 μm. The microparticles are encapsulated by adding a hydrophobic dispersion medium such as a mixture of chloroform and hexane or a mixture of corn oil and n-hexadecane having a specific gravity of about 1 and containing an emulsifier such as lecithin to an aqueous suspension of the microparticles and a polymer matrix precursor such as alginate, agitating vigorously to form a stable emulsion of microscopic globules containing a microparticle, and adding the emulsion to an aqueous solution containing a polymerizing agent such as calcium chloride to polymerize and precipitate the globules to form microparticles encapsulated in polymer matrix capsules that may be of a teardrop shape having a length of 40-200% longer than the diameter. Precipitation of the globules is regulated by substantially matching the Specific Gravity of the hydrophobic dispersion medium and the aqueous suspension. The microparticle may be a viable propagule of a weed pathogenic fungus to provide a herbicidal composition.
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