cas 14464-32-5, Stearic acid-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester

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MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis of enzyme activity and lectin trapping on an array of N-glycans
Active arrays: Complex lipid-tagged oligosaccharides, including large multiantennary species, can be efficiently immobilized on self-assembled monolayers of alkyl mercaptans . These arrays can be used to follow the action of a galactosyltransferase (GalT) and a hydrolase. The utility of the system for the selective trapping and identification of a lectin from a complex mixture was also demonstrated.
Sanchez-Ruiz, Antonio,Serna, Sonia,Ruiz, Nerea,Martin-Lomas, Manuel,Reichardt, Niels-Christian
p. 1801 - 1804
(2011)
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Introduction of stearoyl moieties into a biocompatible cationic polyaspartamide derivative, PAsp(DET), with endosomal escaping function for enhanced siRNA-mediated gene knockdown
Applications of siRNA for cancer therapy have been spotlighted in recent years, but the rational design of efficient siRNA delivery carriers is still controversial, especially because of possible toxicity of the carrier components. Previously, a cationic polyaspartamide derivative, poly{. N-[. N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethyl]aspartamide} (PAsp(DET)), was reported to exert high transfection efficacy for plasmid DNA with negligible cytotoxicity. However, its direct application for siRNA delivery was fairly limited due to the unstable polymer/siRNA complex formation. In this study, to overcome such instability, stearic acid as a hydrophobic moiety was conjugated to the side chain of PAsp(DET) with various substitution degrees. The stearoyl introduction contributed not only to siRNA complex formation with higher association numbers but also to complex stabilization. The obtained stearoyl PAsp(DET)/siRNA complex significantly accomplished more efficient endogenous gene (BCL-2 and VEGF) knockdown in vitro against the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Panc-1) cells than did the unmodified PAsp(DET) complex and commercially available reagents, probably due to the facilitated cellular internalization. This finding suggests that the hydrophobic PAsp(DET)-mediated siRNA delivery is a promising platform for in vivo siRNA delivery.
Kim, Hyun Jin,Ishii, Atsushi,Miyata, Kanjiro,Lee, Yan,Wu, Shourong,Oba, Makoto,Nishiyama, Nobuhiro,Kataoka, Kazunori
p. 141 - 148
(2010)
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Chemically Reactive Liposomes as a New Type of Sensor for Proteins
A new type of sensor for proteins has been developed by utilizing a liposome which contains molecules chemically reactive with protein on the membrane surface of the liposome.The covalently bound aggregation of proteins with liposomes has been observed by a quasi-elastic light scattering measurement at the concentration down to about 1E-8 mol dm-3.
Matsumura, Hideo,Aizawa, Masayuki,Yokoyama, Hiroshi,Kamei, Hirotake
p. 205 - 208
(1987)
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Synthesis, characterization, and retinol stabilization of fatty amide-β-cyclodextrin conjugates
Amphiphilic cyclodextrin (CD) has been the object of growing scientific attention because of its two recognition sites, the cavity and the apolar heart, formed by self-assembly. In the present study, mono[6-deoxy-6-(octadecanamido)]-β-CD and mono[6-deoxy-6-(octadecenamido)]-β-CD were successfully synthesized by reacting mono-6-amino-6-deoxy-β-CD with N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of corresponding fatty acids in DMF. The structures were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The amphiphilic β-CDs were able to form self-assembled nano-vesicles in water, and the supramolecular architectures were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Using the cavity-type nano-vesicles, all-trans-retinol was efficiently encapsulated; it was then stabilized against the photo-degradation. Therefore, the present fatty amide-β-CD conjugate will be a potential molecule for carrier systems in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
Kim, Hwanhee,Hu, Yiluo,Jeong, Daham,Jun, Bong-Hyun,Cho, Eunae,Jung, Seunho
(2016)
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Hemoglobin Derivative Co-conjugated with Fatty Acid-linked PEG and Alkoxy PEG as a Blood Substitute
The invention relates to hemoglobin derivative, particularly hemoglobin which is co-conjugated with both fatty acid-linked polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG) derivatives and alkoxy polyethylene glycol (alkoxy-PEG) derivatives, and a method for making such hemoglobin derivative. Various embodiments of the invention include crosslinked hemoglobin which is co-conjugated with both FA-PEG derivatives and alkoxy-PEG derivatives. Such hemoglobin derivative according to the invention exhibit non-toxicity and extended intravascular retention time.
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Paragraph 0164

(2022/01/04)

RESIST COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF FORMING RESIST PATTERN
A resist composition which generates acid upon exposure and exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid includes a base component which exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of acid, and a compound represented by general formula (D0-1) below, in which Ya01 represents an arylene group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or a divalent alicyclic group, provided that the divalent alicyclic group may contain a hetero atom in the alicyclic structure; R01 represents a linear or branched alkyl group. n01 represents 0 or 1.
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Paragraph 0708-0711

(2020/01/24)

Development of small-molecule inhibitors of fatty acyl-AMP and fatty acyl-CoA ligases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lipid metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) relies on 34 fatty acid adenylating enzymes (FadDs) that can be grouped into two classes: fatty acyl-CoA ligases (FACLs) involved in lipid and cholesterol catabolism and long chain fatty acyl-AMP ligases (FAALs) involved in biosynthesis of the numerous essential and virulence-conferring lipids found in Mtb. The precise biochemical roles of many FACLs remain poorly characterized while the functionally non-redundant FAALs are much better understood. Here we describe the systematic investigation of 5′-O-[N-(alkanoyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (alkanoyl adenosine monosulfamate, alkanoyl-AMS) analogs as potential multitarget FadD inhibitors for their antitubercular activity and biochemical selectivity towards representative FAAL and FACL enzymes. We identified several potent compounds including 12-azidododecanoyl-AMS 28, 11-phenoxyundecanoyl-AMS 32, and nonyloxyacetyl-AMS 36 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against M. tuberculosis ranging from 0.098 to 3.13 μM. Compound 32 was notable for its impressive biochemical selectivity against FAAL28 (apparent Ki = 0.7 μM) versus FACL19 (Ki > 100 μM), and uniform activity against a panel of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB strains with MICs ranging from 3.13 to 12.5 μM in minimal (GAST) and rich (7H9) media. The SAR analysis provided valuable insights for further optimization of 32 and also identified limitations to overcome.
Aldrich, Courtney C.,Baran, Marzena,Boshoff, Helena I. M.,Fu, Peng,Grimes, Kimberly D.,Sibbald, Paul A.,Wilson, Daniel J.
(2020/06/29)

Method for determining the presence or absence of a biomarker
A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker, the method comprising: (a) linking an antigen to colloidal gold to provide a gold-antigen species; (b) contacting the gold-antigen species with the sample; (c) adding a diagnosis
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Page/Page column 25

(2018/04/25)

Α - galactose ceramide new isomer and its synthetic method
The invention provides an alpha-galactosyl ceramide new isomer and its synthetic method. Configuration of sphingosine chain is changed to 4,5-cis double bond sphingosine chain. According to the invention, reaction steps are shortened, yield is raised, and aftertreatment and purification steps are omitted. The synthetic method can be used for total synthesis of similar glycosyl ceramide and satisfies wide range of development, research and application of different glycosyl ceramide.
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Paragraph 0059-0062

(2017/10/31)

Single-stranded nucleic acid molecule for regulating expression of gene having delivering function
The invention provides a single-stranded nucleic acid capable of inhibiting expression of a target gene having a delivery function. The nucleic acid contains, from the 5′-side to the 3′-side, a 5′-side region (Xc), a linker region (Lx), an inner region (Z), a linker region (Ly) and a 3′-side region (Yc) in this order, wherein the inner region (Z) is constituted by linkage of the inner 5′-side region (X) and the inner 3′-side region (Y), the 5′-side region (Xc) is complementary to the inner 5′-side region (X), the 3′-side region (Yc) is complementary to the inner 3′-side region (Y), at least one of the inner region (Z), the 5′-side region (Xc) and the 3′-side region (Yc) comprises an expression inhibitory sequence that inhibits expression of a target gene, and at least one of the 5′-terminus, the 3′-terminus, the linker region (Lx) and the linker region (Ly) is bound to a bio-related substance.
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Page/Page column 42

(2017/06/19)

Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Acid Grafted Chitosan Polymer and Their Nanomicelles for Nonviral Gene Delivery Applications
The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize fatty acid-grafted-chitosan (fatty acid-g-CS) polymer and their nanomicelles for use as carriers for gene delivery. CS was hydrophobically modified using saturated fatty acids of increasing fatty acyl chain length. Carbodiimide along with N-hydroxysuccinimide was used for coupling carboxyl group of fatty acids with amine groups of CS. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to quantify fatty acyl substitution onto CS backbone. The molecular weight distribution of the synthesized polymers was determined using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography and was found to be in range of the parent CS polymer (～50 kDa). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the polymers was determined using pyrene as a fluorescent probe. The cmc was found to decrease with an increase in fatty acyl chain length. The amphiphilic fatty acid-g-CS polymers self-assembled in an aqueous environment to form nanomicelles of ～200 nm particle size and slightly positive net charge due to the cationic nature of free primary amino groups on CS molecule. These polymeric nanomicelles exhibited excellent hemo- and cytocompatibility, as evaluated by in vitro hemolysis and MTT cell viability assay, respectively, and showed superior transfection efficiency compared to unmodified chitosan and naked DNA. The surface of these nanomicelles can be further modified with ligands allowing for selective targeting, enhanced cell binding, and internalization. These nanomicelles can thus be exploited as potential nonviral gene delivery vectors for safe and efficient gene therapy.
Sharma, Divya,Singh, Jagdish
p. 2772 - 2783
(2017/11/20)

STEAROYL AMINO ACID SALT AND PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF
A stearoyl amino acid salt having a structural formula of the general formula (I), wherein R1 is H or an aromatic base capable of being substituted by one or more substituents, or a C1-4 straight chain or an alkyl with a branched chain, the substituent being an alcoholic hydroxyl group or a phenolic hydroxyl group; and R2 is a C11-25 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group. Also provided are methods of preparing the stearoyl amino acid salt, and methods of using the stearoyl amino acid salt. Compared to a prototype drug stearoyl amino acid, the stearoyl amino acid salt described herein has excellent physicochemical properties, good stability, high relative bioavailability, a strong drug effect and a high safety factor. It is thus expected to become a candidate for clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury, and a clinical drug for weight loss, thus having broad application prospects.
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Paragraph 0059; 0060; 0061

(2016/11/24)

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR PREVENTING OPIOID ABUSE
Abuse-resistant opioid compounds, drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical compositions comprising an opioid covalently bound to a chemical moiety are provided. Methods of delivering an active ingredient to a subject and methods of preventing opioid abuse are also provided.
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Paragraph 0791; 0792

(2016/11/28)

A systematic understanding of gelation self-assembly: solvophobically assisted supramolecular gelation via conformational reorientation across amide functionality on a hydrophobically modulated dipeptide based ambidextrous gelator, N-n-acyl-(l)Val-X(OBn), (X = 1,ω-amino acid)
A systematic investigation on gelation self-assembly has been performed on a hydrophobically modulated dipeptide based ambidextrous gelator, N-n-acyl-(l)Val-X(OBn), (X = 1,ω-amino acid). To elucidate the effect of hydrophobic tuning on gelator architecture towards its gelation self-assembly, three sets of gelators with a common formula: CmH2m+1C(=O)NH(l)Val(C=O)NH-(CH2)n-(C=O)OBn, were synthesized, Set-I includes gelators with n = 2, m = 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, for Set-II it is n = 2, 3, 5, m = 13 and Set-III comprises of two isomeric gelators (n = 2, m = 15; n = 10, m = 7). Gelation has been critically analyzed in various apolar (aromatic and aliphatic) and polar (protic and aprotic) solvents using FESEM, CD, IR, WAXRD and rheological studies. Obtained results reveal that π-π type interaction dictates the primary molecular alignment and positioning of amide functionality across the aliphatic chain which influences the peptidic orientation in parallel (when m > n) or antiparallel (when m gel and yield stress of gel systems increases with m, but for a given m, the trend goes apparently inverse with the increasing n. Circular dichroism (CD) studies suggest an intriguing evidence of non-planarity of amide plane during self-assembly, highlighting the involvement of conformational change taking place during molecular organization towards its gelation. Despite complex nature of solvent-gelator interaction, the effect of H-bonding component of solubility parameters was found to have a significant role on self-assembly. Overall, supramolecular forces acting at specific functionalities encrypted in gelator backbone must overcome the solvation energy with synergic assistance of solvophobic effect towards stabilization of gel-network with optimum gelator backbone conformation for achieving required enthalpic contribution for self-assembly.
Haldar, Saubhik,Karmakar, Koninika
p. 66339 - 66354
(2015/08/18)

4,5-Cis Unsaturated α-GalCer Analogues Distinctly Lead to CD1d-Mediated Th1-Biased NKT Cell Responses
The total synthesis of 4,5-cis unsaturated α-GalCer analogues was achieved, and their immune-response altering activity was assessed in vitro as well as in vivo in mice. Using glycosyl iodide as a glycosyl donor, construction of the sphingosine unit was shortened by four steps and single α-stereoselectivity was achieved in good yield (67%). With regard to the therapeutic use of α-GalCer, the novel analogues (1b and 1c) distinctly induced a Th1-biased cytokine response, avoiding induction of a contradictory response and overstimulation.
Cui, Yanli,Li, Zhiyuan,Cheng, Zhaodong,Xia, Chengfeng,Zhang, Yongmin
p. 1209 - 1215
(2015/06/25)

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF A BIOMARKER
A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker, the method comprising: (a) linking an antigen to colloidal gold to provide a gold-antigen species; (b) contacting the gold-antigen species with the sample; (c) adding a diagnosis
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(2014/05/20)

Cationic poly (amino acids) and uses thereof
The present invention provides an efficient delivery system for a nucleic acid, more specifically, a cationic poly(amino acid) that has a side chain having a plurality of different amine functional groups in a moiety including a cationic group and that has a hydrophobic group introduced into part of the side chain, and a polyion complex (PIC) of the poly(amino acid) and an oligo- or polynucleotide.
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Page/Page column 9

(2013/10/08)

Systematic exploration of lipophilic tags that allow efficient anchoring of aptamers to live cell surfaces
We carried out a systematic exploration of lipophilic tag molecules that allow efficient anchoring of aptamers to live cell surfaces. Among the lipids tested, the C16 dialkyl (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine) tag showed a good performance: a high anchoring yield and long retention on live cells. The 3'-C16 dialkyl tag-labeled fluorescent aptamer sensor, targeting thrombin, was prepared. The aptamer sensor was anchored successfully to live cells, allowing fluorescence detection of thrombin on the cell surface.
Tokunaga, Takeshi,Kuwahata, Kohei,Sando, Shinsuke
supporting information
p. 127 - 129
(2013/03/28)

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of new tripodal amphiphiles bearing fatty acids as a hydrophobic group
Saturated fatty acids (FA) were grafted using tyrosine as a spacer group to the cyclotriphosphazene ring along with equimolar hydrophilic methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) in cis-nongeminal way. Seven new cyclotriphosphazene amphiphiles were prepared from combinations of hydrophilic MPEGs with different molecular weights of 350, 550, 750 and 1000 and four different fatty acids of different hydrophobicity including lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids. These steric amphiphiles bearing fatty acids as a hydrophobic group were found to form more stable micelles with very low critical micelle concentrations (CMC) (2.95-7.80 mg/L) compared with oligopeptide analogues, and their highly hydrophobic core environment is unique and potentially useful for various biomedical applications.
Avaji, Prakash G.,Jadhav, Vithal B.,Cui, Jin Xin,Jun, Yong Joo,Lee, Hwa Jeong,Sohn, Youn Soo
supporting information
p. 1763 - 1767
(2013/04/10)

Dynamic structural transformation of resveratrol-modified stearate liposomes led to a spontaneous drug release system
A mono-substituted resveratrol derivative, resveratrol-modified stearate (RMS), was synthesized by selectively coupling of stearic acid to the monohroxyphenyl of resveratrol in order to enhance both the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol. The RM
Chen, Li-Cho,Lin, Shih-Shan,Li, Cun-Zhao,Hsu, Hsiu-Fu,Weng, Yu-Jong,Cheng, Chien-Chung
p. 1099 - 1102
(2013/10/22)

Fluorine-directed β-galactosylation: Chemical glycosylation development by molecular editing
Validation of the 2-fluoro substituent as an inert steering group to control chemical glycosylation is presented. A molecular editing study has revealed that the exceptional levels of diastereocontrol in glycosylation processes by using 2-fluoro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (TCA) scaffolds are a consequence of the 2R,3S,4S stereotriad. This study has also revealed that epimerization at C4, results in a substantial enhancement in β-selectivity (up to β/α 300:1). Copyright
Durantie, Estelle,Bucher, Christoph,Gilmour, Ryan
supporting information; experimental part
p. 8208 - 8215
(2012/08/27)

New parasite inhibitors encompassing novel conformationally-locked 5′-acyl sulfamoyl adenosines
We describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of conformationally-locked 5′-acyl sulfamoyl adenosine derivatives as new parasitic inhibitors against Trypanosoma and Leishmania. The conformationally-locked (3′-endo, North-type) nucleosides have been synthesized by covalently attaching a 4′-CH2-O-2′ bridge (Fig. 2) across C2′-C4′ of adenosine in order to reduce the conformational flexibility of the pentose ring. This is designed to decrease the entropic penalty for complex formation with the target protein, which may improve free-energy of stabilization of the complex leading to improved potency. Conformationally-locked 5′-acyl sulfamoyl adenosine derivatives (16-22) were tested against parasitic protozoans for the first time in this work, and showed potent inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma rhodesiense and Leishmania infantum with IC50 = 0.25-0.51 μM. In particular, the potent 5′-pentanyl acyl sulfamoyl adenosine derivative 17 (IC50 = 0.25 μM) against intracellular L. infantum amastigotes and Trypanosoma subspecies is interesting in view of its almost insignificant cytotoxicity in murine macrophage host cells (CC50 >4 μM) and in diploid human fibroblasts MRC-5 cell lines (CC50 4 μM). This work also suggests that variable alkyl chain length of the acyl group on the acylsulfamoyl side chain at 5′ can modulate the toxicity of 5′-O-sulfamoylnucleoside analogues. This conformationally-locked sulfamoyl adenosine scaffold presents some interesting possibilities for further drug design and lead optimization.
Dixit, Shailesh S.,Upadhayaya, Ram Shankar,Chattopadhyaya, Jyoti
experimental part
p. 6121 - 6129
(2012/09/05)

SUBTANCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF CELLS AND/OR TISSUES
The invention relates to substances that are suitable for protecting cells and/or tissues.
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Page/Page column 4

(2010/06/14)

Synthesis of lipoamino acids and their activity against cerebral ischemic injury
A series of lipoamino acids were synthesized and their neuroprotective effect against brain ischemia induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) on rat cerebral slices was evaluated. Among these compounds, N-stearoyl-L-tyrosine (4), N-stearoyl-L-serine (5) and N-stearoyl-L-threonine (6) exhibited good neuroprotective activity. We found that the neuroprotective activity of lipoamino acids depended on the acyl group, the presence of a free carboxylic function and a free hydroxyl group at the branched chain of the amino acids. The results also showed that 5 was the most active compound, protecting rat brain slices against OGD as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) insult at the range of 1-10 M.
Yao, Li-Yun,Lin, Qi,Niu, Yin-Yao,Deng, Ke-Min,Zhang, Jian-Hua,Lu, Yang
experimental part
p. 4051 - 4064
(2009/12/26)

The effect of unsaturation on the formation of self-assembled gels from fatty acid L-serine amides and their cytotoxicity towards caco-2 cancer cells
A series of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid l-serines 3 were synthesized and their ability to form self-assembled gels was investigated. The saturated (lauroyl 3a and steraoyl 3b) and monounsaturated (oleoyl 3c) fatty acid l-serines form gels in both water and organic solvent, whereas the diunsaturated linoleyl-l-serine 3d does not form gels in these solvents, indicating that unsaturation adversely affects the gelation process. Cytotoxicity studies on these compounds with Caco-2 cancer cells in vitro show that these gels are only moderately cytotoxic at concentrations up to 0.5 mM, making them a promising candidate for applications such as drug delivery. CSIRO 2009.
Lim, Li Yun Grace,Su, Yingying,Braet, Filip,Thordarson, Pall
scheme or table
p. 653 - 656
(2010/01/16)

COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF TREATING OBESITY
The present invention relates to novel fatty acid derivatives, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions, especially as agents for the treatment of obesity and related disorders, and for improving cognition.
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Page/Page column 65-66

(2009/10/22)

Enantioselective crystallization in miniemulsions based on chiral surfactants
In this letter we describe a new application of a chiral micellar system for the optical resolution of racemic compounds by crystallization. Chiral surfactants based on N-stearoyl acid were synthesized and used in order to form a chiral micellar system of calcium tartrate tetrahydrate (CaT) crystallization. It is shown for a chiral model system of CaT that crystallization in chiral miniemulsions leads to kinetic chiral resolution. In addition, crystallization in chiral miniemulsion results in crystal morphology modification. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
Menahem, Tali,Mastai, Yitzhak
p. 925 - 928
(2008/12/20)

Synthetic libraries of tyrosine-derived bacterial metabolites
The preparation of a collection of 131 small molecules, reminiscent of families of long chain N-acyl tyrosines, enamides and enol esters that have been isolated from heterologous expression of environmental DNA (eDNA) in Escherichia coli, is reported. The synthetic libraries of N-acyl tyrosines and their 3-keto counterparts were prepared via solid-phase routes, whereas the enamides and enol esters were synthesized in solution-phase.
Georgiades, Savvas N.,Clardy, Jon
supporting information; experimental part
p. 3117 - 3121
(2009/04/03)

Lipophilic peptide nucleic acids containing a 1,3-diyne function: Synthesis, characterization and production of derived polydiacetylene liposomes
Adenine-, cytosine- and thymine-containing peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomers have been synthesized in which either diacetylenic or stearoyl moieties are attached to the N-or C-terminus; the diacetylenic group is embedded within a long hydrocarbon chain.
Howarth, Nicola M.,Lindsell, W. Edward,Murray, Euan,Preston, Peter N.
p. 8875 - 8887
(2007/10/03)

Chemoselective acylation of fully deprotected hydrazino acetyl peptides. Application to the synthesis of lipopeptides
Fully deprotected N-terminal α-hydrazino acetyl peptides were synthesized and chemoselectively acylated on the hydrazine moiety with various fatty acid succinimidyl esters or N-(cholesterylcarbonyloxy) succinimide to give lipopeptides of high purity. The buffer and pH were adjusted in order to minimize the oxidation of the hydrazine moiety and to achieve the best conversion and selectivity. The acylation was performed in a citrate - Phosphate buffer/2-methylpropan-2-ol mixture of pH 5.1. The pKa of the α-hydrazino acetyl group on our model peptide was found to be 6.45, i.e., about 2 units lower than the pKa of a glycyl residue. The reaction was subsequently applied to the synthesis of a 38AA peptide derivatized by a palmitoyl group.
Bonnet,Ollivier,Gras-Masse,Melnyk
p. 443 - 449
(2007/10/03)

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME PEPTIDOGLYCAN MONOMER DERIVATIVES
N-acyl derivatives and N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-β-(1->4)-N-acetyl-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-meso-diaminopimelyl-(D-amide)-(L)-D-alanyl-D-alanine (peptidoglycan monomer, PGM) complexes with some bivalent metals were prepared and their immunomodulatory activities examined.
Suskovic, B.,Vajtner, Z.,Naumski, R.
p. 8407 - 8416
(2007/10/02)

Synthesis and Biological Activities of N-Acetylglucosaminyl-&β(1->4)-N-Acetylmuramyl Tri- and Tetrapeptide Derivatives
The acylated, amidated and esterified derivatives of N-acetylglucosaminyl-β(1->4)-N-acetylmuramyl tri- and tetrapeptide were synthesized and examined as to their protective effect on pseudomonal infection in the mouse and pyrogenicity in the rabbit.Modifications of the terminal end function of the peptide moieties in their molecules caused enhancement of resistance to pseudomonal infection and reduction of pyrogenicity.Among the compounds tested, sodium N-acetylglucosaminyl-β(1->4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(L)-stearoyl-(D)-meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid-(D)-amide and sodium N-acetylglucosaminyl-β(1->4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(L)-stearoyl-(D)-meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid-(D)-amide-(L)-D-alanine were found to be advantageous and conceivably worthwhile for further investigation as immunobiologically active compounds.
Furuta, Rhyuji,Kawata, Shigeo,Naruto, Shunsuke,Minami, Akira,Kotani, Shozo
p. 2561 - 2572
(2007/10/02)

Kasugamycin derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions and method of use
This invention relates to new aminoglycoside derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. More particularly it relates to new aminoglycoside derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which have anti-viral activity, and immuno-stimulating activity and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same. In addition, this invention also relates to methods of preparing the aminoglycoside derivatives and salts thereof.
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(2008/06/13)

Synthesis and biological activities of 6-amino- and 6-(acylamino)-N-acetylmuramyl dipeptides
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Hasegawa,Okumura,Kiso,et al.
p. 1309 - 1313
(2007/10/02)

Use of esters of N-hydroxysuccinimide in the synthesis of N-acylamino acids.
Several crystalline N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of short- and long-chain fatty acids have been synthesized. These compounds react with free amino acids to form preferentially N-acylamino acids. The reaction of the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters with hydroxylamine and the behavior of the N-acylamino acids on thin-layer chromatography are described.
Lapidot,Rappoport,Wolman
p. 142 - 145
(2007/10/08)