- Lipophilic tail modifications of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine scaffold reveal dual sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 inhibitors
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The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is an attractive target for pharmacological manipulation due to its involvement in cancer progression and immune cell chemotaxis. The synthesis of S1P is catalyzed by the action of sphingosine kinase 1 or 2 (SphK1 or SphK2) on sphingosine and ATP. While potent and selective inhibitors of SphK1 or SphK2 have been reported, development of potent dual SphK1/SphK2 inhibitors are still needed. Towards this end, we report the structure–activity relationship profiling of 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-based inhibitors with 22d being the most potent dual SphK1/SphK2 inhibitor (SphK1 Ki = 0.679 μM, SphK2 Ki = 0.951 μM) reported in this series. 22d inhibited the growth of engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and decreased S1P levels in histiocytic lymphoma myeloid cell line (U937 cells), demonstrating inhibition of SphK1 and 2 in vitro. Molecular modeling studies of 22d docked inside the Sph binding pocket of both SphK1 and SphK2 indicate essential hydrogen bond between the 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine head to interact with aspartic acid and serine residues near the ATP binding pocket, which provide the basis for dual inhibition. In addition, the dodecyl tail adopts a “J-shape” conformation found in crystal structure of sphingosine bound to SphK1. Collectively, these studies provide insight into the intermolecular interactions in the SphK1 and 2 active sites to achieve maximal dual inhibitory activity.
- Li, Hao,Sibley, Christopher D.,Kharel, Yugesh,Huang, Tao,Brown, Anne M.,Wonilowicz, Laura G.,Bevan, David R.,Lynch, Kevin R.,Santos, Webster L.
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- Method for preparing diarylether compound
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The invention relates to a method for preparing a diarylether compound. The method comprises the following steps: dispersing an aromatic heterocyclic borate compound, a nitrobenzene compound, a coppercatalyst, an alkaline compound and an additive in an organic solvent, heating and stirring, and extracting, separating and purifying the obtained reaction solution by using an organic solvent after the reaction is completed to obtain the diarylether compound. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages: the efficient preparation of the diarylether compound can be realizedunder the catalysis of bivalent copper with stable properties and low price; extra protection of inert gas is not needed, and the reaction is carried out under a heating condition in the air, so environmental friendliness is achieved; and expensive catalysis and ligands are not needed in the reaction, the reaction selectivity is high, the functional group tolerance of a substrate is good, the whole reaction process is simple and easy to implement, and the method is a brand-new synthesis method of the diarylether compound.
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Paragraph 0096-0104
(2020/06/02)
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- RECEPTOR FUNCTION CONTROLLING AGENT
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The GPR40 receptor function regulator of the present invention, which comprises a compound having an aromatic ring and a group capable of releasing cation is useful as an insulin secretagogue or an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of diabetes and the like.
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Page/Page column 73
(2008/06/13)
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- 5-Aryl thiazolidine-2,4-diones as selective PPARγ agonists
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A series of 5-aryl thiazolidine-2,4-diones containing 4-phenoxyphenyl side chains was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for PPAR agonist activities. One such compound 28 exhibited comparable levels of glucose correction to rosiglitazone in the db/db mouse type 2 diabetes animal model.
- Koyama, Hiroo,Boueres, Julia K.,Han, Wei,Metzger, Edward J.,Bergman, Jeffrey P.,Gratale, Dominick F.,Miller, Daniel J.,Tolman, Richard L.,MacNaul, Karen L.,Berger, Joel P.,Doebber, Thomas W.,Leung, Kwan,Moller, David E.,Heck, James V.,Sahoo, Soumya P.
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p. 1801 - 1804
(2007/10/03)
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- 5-Aryl thiazolidine-2,4-diones: Discovery of PPAR dual α/γ agonists as antidiabetic agents
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A novel series of 5-aryl thiazolidine-2,4-diones based dual PPARα/γ agonists was identified. A number of highly potent and orally bioavailable analogues were synthesized. Efficacy study results of some of these analogues in the db/db mice model of type 2 diabetes showed them superior to rosiglitazone in correcting hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
- Desai, Ranjit C.,Han, Wei,Metzger, Edward J.,Bergman, Jeffrey P.,Gratale, Dominick F.,MacNaul, Karen L.,Berger, Joel P.,Doebber, Thomas W.,Leung, Kwan,Moller, David E.,Heck, James V.,Sahoo, Soumya P.
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p. 2795 - 2798
(2007/10/03)
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- A novel class of inhibitors for human steroid 5α-reductase: Phenoxybenzoic acid derivatives. I
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In a search for novel nonsteroidal inhibitors of human prostatic 5α- reductase, we found anew series of phenoxybenzoic acid derivatives to be potent human prostatic 5α-reductase inhibitors. Among them, 4-(biphenyl-4- yloxy)benzoic acid derivatives (2n, YM
- Igarashi, Susumu,Kimura, Takenori,Naito, Ryo,Hara, Hiromu,Fujii, Masahiro,Koutoku, Hiroshi,Oritani, Hiroyuki,Mase, Toshiyasu
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p. 1073 - 1080
(2007/10/03)
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- (Aryloxy)aryl semicarbazones and related compounds: A novel class of anticonvulsant agents possessing high activity in the maximal electroshock screen
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A number of (aryloxy)aryl semicarbazones and related compounds were synthesized and evaluated far anticonvulsant activities. After intraperitoneal injection to mice, the semicarbazones were examined in the maximal electroshock (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), and neurotoxicity (NT) screens. The results indicated that greater protection was obtained in the MES test than the scPTZ screen. Quantitation of approximately one-third of the compounds revealed an average protection index (PI, i.e. TD50/ED50) of approximately 9. After oral administration to rats, a number of compounds displayed significant potencies in the MES screen (ED50 of 1-5 mg/kg) accompanied by very high protection indices. In fact over half the compounds had PI figures of greater than 100, and two were in excess of 300. The compounds were essentially inactive in the scPTZ and NT screens after oral administration to rats. Various compounds displayed greater potencies and PI figures in the mouse intraperitoneal and rat oral screens than three reference clinically used drugs. The data generated supported a binding site hypothesis. Quantitative structure-activity relationships indicated a number of physicochemical parameters which contributed to activity in the MES screen. X-ray crystallography of five compounds suggested the importance of certain interatomic distances and bond angles for activity in the mouse and rat MES screens.
- Dimmock, Jonathan R.,Puthucode, Ramanan N.,Smith, Jennifer M.,Hetherington, Mark,Quail, J. Wilson,Pugazhenthi, Uma,Lechler, Terry,Stables, James P.
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p. 3984 - 3997
(2007/10/03)
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