- In vitro optimization of non-small cell lung cancer activity with troxacitabine, L-1,3-dioxolane-cytidine, prodrugs
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L-1,3-Dioxolane-cytidine, a potent anticancer agent against leukemia, has limited efficacy against solid tumors, perhaps due to its hydrophilicity. Herein, a library of prodrugs were synthesized to optimize in vitro antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer. N4-Substituted fatty acid amide prodrugs of 10-16 carbon chain length demonstrated significantly improved antitumor activity over L-1,3-dioxolane-cytidine. These in vitro results suggest that the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of L-1,3-dioxolane- cytidine against solid tumors may be improved with prodrug strategies.
- Radi, Marco,Adema, Auke D.,Daft, Jonathan R.,Cho, Jong H.,Hoebe, Eveline K.,Alexander, Lou-Ella M. M.,Peters, Godefridus J.,Chu, Chung K.
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Read Online
- Isothiourea-Catalysed Regioselective Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Axially Chiral Biaryl Diols
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An operationally simple isothiourea-catalysed acylative kinetic resolution of unprotected 1,1′-biaryl-2,2′-diol derivatives has been developed to allow access to axially chiral compounds in highly enantioenriched form (s values up to 190). Investigation of the reaction scope and limitations provided three key observations: i) the diol motif of the substrate was essential for good conversion and high s values; ii) the use of an α,α-disubstituted mixed anhydride (2,2-diphenylacetic pivalic anhydride) was critical to minimize diacylation and give high selectivity; iii) the presence of substituents in the 3,3′-positions of the diol hindered effective acylation. This final observation was exploited for the highly regioselective acylative kinetic resolution of unsymmetrical biaryl diol substrates bearing a single 3-substituent. Based on the key observations identified, acylation transition state models have been proposed to explain the atropselectivity of this kinetic resolution.
- Qu, Shen,Greenhalgh, Mark D.,Smith, Andrew D.
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supporting information
p. 2816 - 2823
(2019/02/05)
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- One-pot synthesis of thioesters with sodium thiosulfate as a sulfur surrogate under transition metal-free conditions
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In this paper, we report an efficient synthetic method for thioester formation from sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, organic halides, and aryl anhydrides. In the one-pot two-step reactions developed in this study, sodium thiosulfate was used as the sulfur surrogate for acylation with anhydrides, followed by substitution with organic halides through the in situ generation of thioaroylate. Furthermore, two important organic compounds could be successfully synthesized using our developed method. The advantages of the one-pot two-step reactions are operational simplicity, structurally diverse products with 42%-90% yields, use of relatively low toxic and odourless reagents, and easy applicability to large-scale operation.
- Liao, Yen-Sen,Liang, Chien-Fu
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supporting information
p. 1871 - 1881
(2018/03/23)
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- Cu-MOF: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of symmetric anhydrides: Via the C-H bond activation of aldehydes
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In this paper, an efficient and straightforward synthetic approach for the preparation of a number of symmetric carboxylic anhydrides was reported using Cu2(BDC)2(DABCO) as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst via the C-H bond activation of aldehydes with excellent yields and simple work up. This C-H bond activation reaction appears simple and convenient, has a wide substrate scope and makes use of cheap, abundant, and easily available reagents. The Cu-MOF catalyst was recycled and reused four times without any loss of catalytic activity.
- Ahmadzadeh, Zahra,Mokhtari, Javad,Rouhani, Morteza
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p. 24203 - 24208
(2018/07/25)
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- The use of BrCCl3-PPh3 in Appel type transformations to esters, O-acyloximes, amides, and acid anhydrides
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Esters, acyloximes, amides and acid anhydrides have been prepared from the respective carboxylic acids, oximes, amines and alcohols by the use of the reagent combination BrCCl3-PPh3. The reactions obviate the handling acyl halides or more aggressive reagents PCl3, POCl3, or SOCl2. Furthermore, the environmentally hazardous CCl4 used in Appel-type reactions is replaced with BrCCl3, a reagent of less environmental concern.
- Al-Azani, Mariam,al-Sulaibi, Mazen,al Soom, Nuha,Al Jasem, Yosef,Bugenhagen, Bernhard,Al Hindawi, Bassam,Thiemann, Thies
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p. 921 - 932
(2016/08/08)
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- Oxidative self-coupling of aldehydes in the presence of CuCl2/TBHP system: Direct access to symmetrical anhydrides
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A simple synthesis of symmetrical anhydrides has been developed. Using tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant and copper(II) chloride as the catalyst in acetonitrile, various aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were reacted to provide symmetrical anhydrides in modest to good yields.
- Saberi, Dariush,Shojaeyan, Fatemeh,Niknam, Khodabakhsh
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p. 566 - 569
(2016/01/20)
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- Facile and direct synthesis of symmetrical acid anhydrides using a newly prepared powerful and efficient mixed reagent
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An efficient mixed reagent for direct synthesis of symmetrical carboxylic anhydrides from carboxylic acids has been prepared. Carboxylic acids are converted to anhydrides using triphenylphosphine/ trichloroisocyanuric acid under mild reaction conditions at room temperature. Short reaction time, excellent yields of products, low cost, availability of reagents, simple experimental procedure, and easy work-up of the products are the main advantages of the presented method.
- Rouhi-Saadabad, Hamed,Akhlaghinia, Batool
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p. 479 - 485
(2015/01/30)
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- Light-enabled synthesis of anhydrides and amides
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Recently, we have demonstrated that the photogeneration of Vilsmeier-Haack reagents is possible using only dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrabromomethane (CBr4) in the bromination of alcohols. Extending these findings to carboxylic acid substrates has produced a mild and facile approach to the in situ formation of symmetric anhydrides, which were conveniently converted to amide derivatives in a one-pot process. The efficient protocols discussed herein are marked by use of UVA LEDs (365 nm), which have reduced the reaction times and come with a low setup cost.
- Mccallum, Terry,Barriault, Louis
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p. 2874 - 2878
(2015/03/30)
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- Synthesis of acylsilanes by copper(I)-catalyzed addition of silicon nucleophiles onto acid derivatives
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The transition metal-catalyzed transfer of silicon nucleophiles onto various electrophiles has recently gained considerable attention, due to the now readily available silicon pro-nucleophiles such as silylboronates. Our interest lies in the addition of such species to acid derivatives for the generation of acylsilanes. We report herein an efficient method to synthesize these compounds, starting from easy-to-form anhydrides, with very good yields. Copyright
- Cirriez, Virginie,Rasson, Corentin,Riant, Olivier
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supporting information
p. 3137 - 3140
(2013/12/04)
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- A mild, clean, and simple synthesis of symmetrical carboxylic anhydrides from carboxylic acides using a polymer supported tosyl chloride
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The use of polymeric reagents simplifies routine acylation of carboxylic acid because it eliminates the traditional purification. We describe the use of readily available cross-linked poly(4-vinylpyridine) supported tosyl chloride, [P4VP].TsCl, in the suspended solution phase synthesis of symmetrical anhydrides from carboxylic acids in the presence of K2CO3 in high yields and purity. The products can be obtained by filtration and evaporation of the solvent.
- Zarchi, M. A. Karimi,Mirjalili,Kahrizsangi, Z. Shamsi,Tayefi
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experimental part
p. 455 - 460
(2010/08/20)
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- Synthesis of anhydrides from acyl chlorides under ultrasound condition
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A convenient and general method for the synthesis of symmetrical anhydrides under ultrasound conditions is described.
- Hu, Yulai,Wang, Jin-Xian,Li, Shihua
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p. 243 - 248
(2007/10/03)
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- Solid-liquid phase transfer and cobalt or palladium complex catalyzed synthesis of anhydrides from acyl chlorides
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Acyl chloride can efficiently be converted into anhydride under solid liquid phase transfer catalysis by using bis(triphenylphosphine)cobalt dichloride or bis (triphenylphospine)palladium dichloride as catalyst.
- Wang,Hu,Cui
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p. 3261 - 3268
(2007/10/02)
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- Application of the Triphenylphosphine and Diethyl Azodicarboxylate to the Conversion of Carboxylic Acids. Synthesis of Acid Anhydrides
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A new application of the TPP-DEAD reagent has been described.The carboxylic acids undergo self-condensation which takes place during the reaction with betaine 1 and yield acid anhydrides.This synthesis is simple, occurs under very mild conditions and appers to be general.The reaction was monitored by 31P spectroscopy and the mechanism involving the formation of unstable acyloxyphosphonium salts has been discussed.
- Grochowski, Edward,Stepowska, Halszka,Michejda, Cristopher J.
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p. 129 - 134
(2007/10/02)
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- Reaction of Diazonium Salts with Transition Metals. 6. Preparation of Mixed Acid Anhydrides from Arenediazonium Salts and Sodium Carboxylates under Palladium(0) Catalysis
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The palladium(0)-catalyzed reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with carbon monoxide and sodium carboxylates in acetonitrile at 25 deg C gave mixed acid anhydrides, ArCOOCOR (Ar = 3-Me-Ph, 4-Me-Ph, 2-MeO-Ph, 4-Br-Ph, 4-I-Ph, 3-NO2-Ph, 4-NO2-Ph, and Ph; R = H, Me, Et, t-Bu, and Ph) in good yields.Homoaromatic acid anhydrides, (ArCO)2O, were obtained by heating of ArCOOCOMe at 100-120 deg C under vacuum.ArCOOCO-t-Bu can be utilized to obtain the corresponding arenecarboxamides by the reaction with some amines.
- Kikukawa, Kiyoshi,Kono, Kiyoshi,Nagira, Kazuhiko,Wada, Fumio,Matsuda, Tsutomu
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p. 4413 - 4416
(2007/10/02)
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- NOVEL TRANSFORMATION OF ARENEDIAZONIUM SALTS TO ACID ANHYDRIDES UNDER PALLADIUM CATALYSIS
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Palladium catalyzed reaction of arenediazonium salts, carbon monoxide and sodium carboxylates gave mixed anhydrides, wich in turn could be converted to aromatic acid anhydrides in good yields.
- Kikukawa, Kiyoshi,Kono, Kiyoshi,Nagira, Kazuhiko,Wada, Fumio,Matsuda, Tsutomu
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p. 2877 - 2878
(2007/10/02)
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