- Required Immunoproteasome Subunit Inhibition Profile for Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy and Clinical Candidate KZR-616 ((2 S,3 R)- N-((S)-3-(Cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-1-((R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-((S)-2-(2-morpholinoacetamido)propanamido)propenamide)
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Selective immunoproteasome inhibition is a promising approach for treating autoimmune disorders, but optimal proteolytic active site subunit inhibition profiles remain unknown. We reveal here our design of peptide epoxyketone-based selective low molecular mass polypeptide-7 (LMP7) and multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit-1 (MECL-1) subunit inhibitors. Utilizing these and our previously disclosed low molecular mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2) inhibitor, we demonstrate a requirement of dual LMP7/LMP2 or LMP7/MECL-1 subunit inhibition profiles for potent cytokine expression inhibition and in vivo efficacy in an inflammatory disease model. These and additional findings toward optimized solubility led the design and selection of KZR-616 disclosed here and presently in clinical trials for treatment of rheumatic disease.
- Johnson, Henry W.B.,Lowe, Eric,Anderl, Janet L.,Fan, Andrea,Muchamuel, Tony,Bowers, Simeon,Moebius, David C.,Kirk, Christopher,McMinn, Dustin L.
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p. 11127 - 11143
(2019/01/04)
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- NOVEL ANTIVIRAL PYRROLOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME
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The present invention relates to a pyrrolopyridine derivative represented by the Chemical Formula I, and a racemate or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and relates to an antiviral composition including the same as an active ingredient. The compound of the Chemical Formula I has excellent antiviral activity and selectivity for wild type and resistant HIV-1, and thereby is useful as a therapeutic agent for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Paragraph 0360; 0361; 0362
(2014/09/16)
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- NOVEL ANTIVIRAL PYRROLOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE AND A PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SAME
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The present invention relates to a pyrrolopyridine derivative represented by the Chemical Formula I, and a racemate or a stereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and relates to an antiviral composition including the same as an active ingredient. The compound of the Chemical Formula I has excellent antiviral activity and selectivity for wild type and resistant HIV-1, and thereby is useful as a therapeutic agent for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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Paragraph 0341; 0342; 0343
(2014/12/09)
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- Geminal dialkyl derivatives of N-substituted pantothenamides: Synthesis and antibacterial activity
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As a key precursor of coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, pantothenic acid has proven to be a useful backbone to elaborate probes of this biosynthetic pathway, study CoA-utilizing systems, and design molecules with antimicrobial activity. The increasing prevalence of bacterial strains resistant to one or more antibiotics has prompted a renewed interest for molecules with a novel mode of antibacterial action such as N-substituted pantothenamides. Although numerous derivatives have been reported, most are varied at the terminal N-substituent, and fewer at the β-alanine moiety. Modifications at the pantoyl portion are limited to the addition of an ω-methyl group. We report a synthetic route to N-substituted pantothenamides with various alkyl substituents replacing the geminal dimethyl groups. Our methodology is also applicable to the synthesis of pantothenic acid, pantetheine and CoA derivatives. Here a small library of new N-substituted pantothenamides was synthesized. Most of these compounds display antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Interestingly, replacement of the ProR methyl with an allyl group yielded a new N-substituted pantothenamide which is amongst the most potent reported so far.
- Akinnusi, T. Olukayode,Vong, Kenward,Auclair, Karine
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experimental part
p. 2696 - 2706
(2011/06/17)
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- Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors
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Hepatitis C virus inhibitors having the general formula are disclosed. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 32-33
(2008/06/13)
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- Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus
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Macrocyclic peptides are disclosed having the general formula: wherein R3, R3′, R4, R6, R′, X, Q and W are described. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 31
(2008/12/04)
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- MACROCYCLIC PEPTIDES AS HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS
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Macrocyclic peptides having the general formula (I): are disclosed. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 62-63
(2008/12/05)
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- Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus
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Macrocyclic peptides are disclosed having the general formula: wherein R3, R3′, R4, R6, R′, X, Q and W are described. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 30
(2008/12/04)
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- MACROCYCLIC PEPTIDES AS HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS
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Macrocyclic peptides having the general formula are disclosed. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 60
(2008/12/05)
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- Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors
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Hepatitis C virus inhibitors having the general formula are disclosed. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 29
(2008/12/05)
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- Hepatitis C virus inhibitors
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The present disclosure relates to tripeptide compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and methods for using these compounds in the treatment of HCV infection.
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Page/Page column 34
(2008/06/13)
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- Hepatitis C virus inhibitors
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Hepatitis C virus inhibitors having the general formula are disclosed. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 45
(2010/11/26)
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- Hepatitis C virus inhibitors
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Macrocyclic peptides are disclosed having the general formula: wherein R′, R3, R3′, R4, R6, X, Q, and W are described. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 35
(2010/11/26)
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- Hepatitis C virus inhibitors
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The present disclosure is generally directed to antiviral compounds, and more specifically directed to compounds which inhibit the function of the NS3 protease (also referred to herein as “serine protease”) encoded by Hepatitis C virus (HCV), compositions comprising such compounds, and methods for inhibiting the function of the NS3 protease.
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Page/Page column 31-32
(2008/06/13)
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- HEPATITIS C VIRUS INHIBITORS
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Hepatitis C virus inhibitors are disclosed having the general formula:(I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R', B, Y and X are described in the description. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds toinhibit HCV are also disclosed.
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- 2-substituted-(2SR)-2-amino-2-((1SR,2SR)-2-carboxycycloprop-1- yl)glycines as potent and selective antagonists of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors. 1. Effects of alkyl, arylalkyl, and diarylalkyl substitution
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In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a series of α-substituted analogues of the potent and selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (1S,1'S,2'S)-carboxy-cyclopropylglycine (2, L-CCG 1). Incorporation of a substituent on the amino acid carbon converted the agonist 2 into an antagonist. All of the compounds were prepared and tested as a aeries of four isomers, i.e., two racemic diastereomers. We explored alkyl substitution, both normal and terminally branched; phenylalkyl and diphenylalkyl substitution; and a variety of aromatic and carbocyclic surrogates for phenyl. Affinity for group II mGluRs was measured using [3H]glutamic acid (Glu) binding in rat forebrain membranes. Antagonist activity was confirmed for these compounds by measuring their ability to antagonize (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-induced inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic-AMP in RGT cells transfected with human mGluR2 and mGluR3. We found that while alkyl substitution provided no increase in affinity relative to 2, phenylethyl and diphenylethyl substitution, as in 105 and 109, respectively, were quite beneficial. The affinity of 109 was further enhanced when the two aromatic rings were joined by an oxygen or sulfur atom to form the tricyclic xanthylmethyl and thioxanthylmethyl amino acids 113 and 114, respectively. Amino acid 113, with an IC50 of 0.010 μM in the [3H]Glu binding assay, was 52-fold more potent than 2, whose IC50 was 0.47 μM.
- Ornstein, Paul L.,Bleisch, Thomas J.,Arnold, M. Brian,Wright, Rebecca A.,Johnson, Bryan G.,Schoepp, Darryle D.
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p. 346 - 357
(2007/10/03)
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- Ring-Opening of (Cyclobutylmethyl)lithium and pentyl)methyl>lithium
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The ring-opening of (cyclobutylmethyl)lithium (1) to 4-pentenyllithium (2) has been investigated in a solvent system composed of isooctane-dibutyl ether (3:2 by volume).The isomerization of 1 to 2, which is much more rapid than is cleavage of the corresponding Grignard reagent, is characterized by the following activation parameters: Ea = 14.7+/-1.2 kcal/mol, ln A = 21.6+/-2.5; ΔH(excit.) = 14.2+/-1.2 kcal/mol, ΔS(excit.) = -17.3+/-5 eu.The two-step isomerization of pentyl)methyl>lithium (5) to 4-tert-butyl-2-methylidene-4-pentenyllithium (7) via lithium (6) in pentane-diethyl ether involves a very rapid initial ring-opening of 5 to 6 (t1/2 1/2 ca. 24 min at -7.7 deg C).
- Bailey, William F.,Punzalan, Eric R.,Della, Ernest W.,Taylor, Dennis K.
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p. 297 - 300
(2007/10/02)
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