- NMR study of the complex formation between tert-butyl hydroperoxide and tetraalkylammonium bromides
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The interaction between tert-butyl hydroperoxide and tetraalkylammonium bromides was studied by NMR spectroscopy in acetonitrile-d 3 at 298 K. The complex formation between the hydroperoxide molecule and corresponding quaternary ammonium salt w
- Turovskij, Nikolaj A.,Berestneva, Yulia V.,Raksha, Elena V.,Zubritskij, Mikhail Yu.,Grebenyuk, Serhiy A.
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- Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) catalyzed by copper complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) ligand
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Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical studies and ATRA activity of copper complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN) ligand in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent were reported. [CuII(TPEN′)Br][Br] (TPEN′ denotes tetracoordinated ligand) catalyst showed a very low activity in ATRA of CBr4 to 1-octene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate and styrene in methanol, which is a typical solvent used for ATRA reactions employing ascorbic acid. On the contrary, the yields and stereoselectivity towards monoadduct formation were dramatically increased in slightly polar but aprotic acetone. Based on molecular structures of isolated [CuII(TPEN)][BPh4] and [CuII(TPEN′)Br][Br] complexes, as well as UV-Vis and cyclic voltammetry studies, an equilibrium was proposed involving inactive [CuII(TPEN)]2+ and ATRP active [CuII(TPEN′)Br]+ cations The halidophilicity of the bromide-based deactivating complex ([CuII(TPEN′)Br][Br]) decreased approximately 750 times upon changing the solvent from acetone (KBr = 3000 ± 230) to methanol (KBr = 4.1 ± 0.1), explaining poor catalytic activity in methanol. In acetone, [CuII(TPEN′)Br][Br] complex was nearly as active in ATRA reactions employing ascorbic acid as previously reported [CuII(TPMA)Br][Br].
- Kaur, Aman,Gorse, Erin E.,Ribelli, Thomas G.,Jerman, Callista C.,Pintauer, Tomislav
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- Structure and Stability of Quaternary Ammonium Interhalides: Experimental and Quantum-Chemical Study
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The electronic structure of a series of ammonium interhalides [R 1R2R3R4N]XI2, where R1 = CH3, C2H5, C3H 7, F, H; R2 = R3 = R4 = CH 3, H; X = Cl, Br, I, was studied by ab initio calculations (RHF/3-21G, RHF/HW, MP2/HW). The thermodynamic stability of these compounds correlates with the strength of the hydrogen bond N-H...X and three-center interhalide bond X-I-I. Calculations confirmed that, in polar solvents, these compounds preferably decompose to [R1R2R3R 4N]+ and XI2- (with subsequent decomposition of the anion), and in nonpolar solvents, to the neutral species [R1R2R3R4N]X and I2. The calculation results were compared to the experimental data obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry.
- Simonyan,Kletskii,Chernov'yants,Gol'eva
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Read Online
- Alternative mechanistic scheme for salt effects on solvolysis reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds in binary DMSO/H2O solvent mixture
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In 75% (v/v) DMSO/H2O solvent mixture, salt effects on the solvolysis reaction rates of haloalkanes and related compounds (RX) have been examined. In spite of the decreased water activity in the solvent mixture, the log(k/s-1) values of typical Sn1 substrates, such as 1-bromoadamantane, increase with increasing concentration of added metal perchlorates (the order: Li+ + 2+ 2+), which is attributed to the direct chemical interaction between the leaving-group anion and the metal cation in the "modified" solution. Contrastingly, the log(k/s-1) value of an Sn2 substrate decreases with increasing concentration of the metal perchlorates. When nonmetallic salts containing anions (Y- = Cl- or Br -) different from RX (X- = Cl-, Br-, or TsO-) are present, solvolyses of Sn2, such as 1-bromohexane, are subjected to an anion-exchange reaction. By the detailed examination of Δlog(k/s-1)/Δ[Mg(Cl O4) 2] for typical Sn1, Sn1-Sn2 borderline, and Sn2 substrates, we were able to demonstrate a linearity between the Mg(Cl O4)2 effects in the solvolysis rates and the carbocation stabilities expressed by the Gibbs free energy values (ΔG°) of RX in the gas phase. The salt effects on the solvolyses of Sn1 to Sn2 substrates are accounted for without relying on Winstein's reaction scheme or the arbitrary function of ion pairs of two types.
- Hojo, Masashi,Aoki, Sho
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Read Online
- Synthesis method of tetrabutylammonium bromide
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The invention discloses a synthesis method of tetrabutylammonium bromide, which comprises the steps of reflux reaction, crystallization, centrifugation, mother liquor application, centrifugal machine washing and the like, the desolvation operation of dichloroethane is omitted, the evaporation loss of dichloroethane in the desolvation process is avoided, the raw materials are saved, and after the front-section centrifugal mother liquor is supplemented to the formula amount, infinite times of return use can be basically realized, bromobutane and a small amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide contained in the front-section centrifugal mother liquor can be completely put into the production of the next batch, the yield of the product is improved, impurities in the product can be washed away by washing a centrifugal machine with ethyl acetate, the chromaticity of the product is improved, and meanwhile, the post-stage centrifugal mother liquor obtained after centrifugation can be repeatedly used under the condition that the post-stage centrifugal mother liquor is inspected to be qualified, so that raw materials are saved.
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Paragraph 0024-0029; 0030-0035; 0036-0041; 0042-0047; ...
(2021/08/14)
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- Synthesis process of tetrabutylammonium bromide
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The invention discloses a synthesis process of tetrabutylammonium bromide. The process is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) taking dibutylamine and n-butyraldehyde as initial raw materials, taking water as a hydrogen source and butanol as a sacrificial reagent under the action of a modified titanium dioxide photocatalyst, and preparing tributylamine by a photocatalytic continuous micro-channel reactor through a reductive amination mechanism; and (2) after concentrating the obtained tributylamine, making the tributylamine directly dissolved in the solvent and mixed with a certain proportion of n-bromobutane, and then enter the next step continuous micro-channel reactor, such that the target product TBAB can be obtained at the high yield after the reaction is performed for3-5 h at the temperature of 60-90 DEG C. Compared with the kettle type reaction, the continuous reaction temperature is low, the reaction time is short, and the process is safe and efficient.
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Paragraph 0061-0072
(2020/12/06)
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- Lewis Acidity Scale of Diaryliodonium Ions toward Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Halogen Lewis Bases
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Equilibrium constants for the associations of 17 diaryliodonium salts Ar2I+X- with 11 different Lewis bases (halide ions, carboxylates, p-nitrophenolate, amines, and tris(p-anisyl)phosphine) have been investigated by titrations followed by photometric or conductometric methods as well as by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in acetonitrile at 20 °C. The resulting set of equilibrium constants KI covers 6 orders of magnitude and can be expressed by the linear free-energy relationship lg KI = sI LAI + LBI, which characterizes iodonium ions by the Lewis acidity parameter LAI, as well as the iodonium-specific affinities of Lewis bases by the Lewis basicity parameter LBI and the susceptibility sI. Least squares minimization with the definition LAI = 0 for Ph2I+ and sI = 1.00 for the benzoate ion provides Lewis acidities LAI for 17 iodonium ions and Lewis basicities LBI and sI for 10 Lewis bases. The lack of a general correlation between the Lewis basicities LBI (with respect to Ar2I+) and LB (with respect to Ar2CH+) indicates that different factors control the thermodynamics of Lewis adduct formation for iodonium ions and carbenium ions. Analysis of temperature-dependent equilibrium measurements as well as ITC experiments reveal a large entropic contribution to the observed Gibbs reaction energies for the Lewis adduct formations from iodonium ions and Lewis bases originating from solvation effects. The kinetics of the benzoate transfer from the bis(4-dimethylamino)-substituted benzhydryl benzoate Ar2CH-OBz to the phenyl(perfluorophenyl)iodonium ion was found to follow a first-order rate law. The first-order rate constant kobs was not affected by the concentration of Ph(C6F5)I+ indicating that the benzoate release from Ar2CH-OBz proceeds via an unassisted SN1-type mechanism followed by interception of the released benzoate ions by Ph(C6F5)I+ ions.
- Legault, Claude Y.,Mayer, Robert J.,Mayr, Herbert,Ofial, Armin R.
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supporting information
(2020/03/13)
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- Application of ionic liquid in synthesis of propylene glycol ether and synthetic method of propylene glycol ether
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The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering catalysis and provides application of ionic liquid in synthesis of propylene glycol ether and a synthetic method of propylene glycol ether. The ionic liquid is methyl carbonate ionic liquid and is taken as a catalyst for catalyzed synthesis of propylene glycol ether. The synthetic method of propylene glycol ether comprises the steps of adding epoxy propane and alcohol into a reactor to be in contact with the catalyst, and heating to 50-200 DEG C in a closed environment, so as to obtain propylene glycol ether, wherein the catalyst is the methyl carbonate ionic liquid. The synthetic method of propylene glycol ether is an environment-friendly synthetic process, has no special requirements on production equipment and is beneficial to industrial production and application, and the process is simple and easy to control.
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Paragraph 0089; 0090
(2018/03/01)
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- Method of manufacturing tetrabuthyl ammonium acetate (by machine translation)
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: use raw material, and the solvent through the proper selection of a simple and easy process suitable for the manufacture of solubility of cellulose tet love chill ammonium acetate. SOLUTION: and a starting material by tributylamine, tributylamine in polar aprotic organic solvent and by the reaction of halogenated butyl tetrabuthyl ammonium halide and a process for obtaining, in tetrabuthyl ammonium halide vopo and [...] by the reaction of an alkali metal hydroxide and a process for obtaining, in [...] vopo tetrabuthyl ammonium acetate and acetic acid tetrabuthyl by reaction of the process and to obtain. Selected drawing: fig. 1 (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0065
(2017/02/23)
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- Effects of charge separation, effective concentration, and aggregate formation on the phase transfer catalyzed alkylation of phenol
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The factors that influence the rate of alkylation of phenol under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) have been investigated in detail. Six linear, symmetrical tetraalkylammonium cations, Me4N+, Et 4N+, (n-Pr)4N+, (n-Bu) 4N+, (n-Hex)4N+, and (n-Oct) 4N+, were examined to compare the effects of cationic radius and lipophilicity on the rate of alkylation. Tetraalkylammonium phenoxide·phenol salts were prepared, and their intrinsic reactivity was determined from initial alkylation rates with n-butyl bromide in homogeneous solution. The catalytic activity of the same tetraalkylammonium phenoxides was determined under PTC conditions (under an extraction mechanism) employing quaternary ammonium bromide catalysts. In homogeneous solution the range in reactivity was small (6.8-fold) for Me4N+ to (n-Oct) 4N+. In contrast, under PTC conditions a larger range in reactivity was observed (663-fold). The effective concentration of the tetraalkylammonium phenoxides in the organic phase was identified as the primary factor influencing catalyst activity. Additionally, titration of active phenoxide in the organic phase confirmed the presence of both phenol and potassium phenoxide aggregates with (n-Bu)4N+, (n-Hex)4N+, and (n-Oct)4N+, each with a unique aggregate stoichiometry. The aggregate stoichiometry did not affect the PTC initial alkylation rates.
- Denmark, Scott E.,Weintraub, Robert C.,Gould, Nathan D.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 13415 - 13429
(2012/09/25)
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- Distinguishing between pathways for transmetalation in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions
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We report a systematic study of the stoichiometric reactions of isolated arylpalladium hydroxo and halide complexes with arylboronic acids and aryltrihydroxyborates to evaluate the relative rates of the two reaction pathways commonly proposed to account for transmetalation in the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. On the basis of the relative populations of the palladium and organoboron species generated under conditions common for the catalytic process and the observed rate constants for the stoichiometric reactions between the two classes of reaction components, we conclude that the reaction of a palladium hydroxo complex with boronic acid, not the reaction of a palladium halide complex with trihydroxyborate, accounts for transmetalation in catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura reactions conducted with weak base and aqueous solvent mixtures.
- Carrow, Brad P.,Hartwig, John F.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2116 - 2119
(2011/04/23)
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- Encapsulated binding sites - Synthetically simple receptors for the binding and transport of HCl
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We report a receptor with an encapsulated amine/amide binding site, which binds HCl with high affinity in organic media - the rate of HCl transport through an apolar phase is controlled by the degree of encapsulation of the HCl binding site.
- Winstanley, Keith J.,Allen, Sarah J.,Smith, David K.
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scheme or table
p. 4299 - 4301
(2011/03/19)
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- Synthesis and polymerisation of novel methacrylates with carbazolyl and benzofuranyl pendant groups for photovoltaic applications
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This article reports properties of photovoltaic devices containing new donor materials - copolymers referred as PCEMB, composed of 2-(carbazol-9-yl) ethyl methacrylate (CEM) and benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid 2-(2- methylacryloyloxy)ethyl ester (MB). Manufactured photovoltaic cells consisted of donor and acceptor (PBT or P3OT) layers sandwiched between ITO covered glass and evaporated aluminum electrode. Performance of the cell was optimized for a copolymer composed of 8% CEM and 92% MB. The efficiency, found equal c.a. =0,03%, was low comparing to other photovoltaic cells reported in the literature. However, following the observed tendencies, it can be supposed that there exists a large reserve for the enhancement of the open circuit voltage through further chemical modifications of the chromophore. In the case of the PDT containing cells, measured Uoc was substantially lower. This fact may be attributed to difference in carrier mobility between this polymer and PCEMB. Simultaneously, the larger sizes of the MB molecule may favor separation of the charges and leads to enhancement of the corresponding voltage.
- Pokladko,Sanetra,Gondek,Bogdal,Niziol,Kityk
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scheme or table
p. 335/[701]-344/[710]
(2009/10/11)
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- (Hetero) Bicyclymethanesulfonylamino-substituted hydroxamic acid derivatives
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Compounds of formula (I) wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl; and R1 is bicyclyl or heterobicyclyl; are useful in the treatment and prophylaxis of conditions mediated by s-CD23 or TNF.
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Page/Page column 7
(2010/01/31)
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- Aza crown ether calix[4]arenes containing cation and anion binding sites: Effects of metal ions towards anion binding ability
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Tripodal aza crown ether calix[4]arenes containing both cation and anion binding sites (5a and 5b) have been synthesized. The X-ray analysis shows that 5a forms a self-threaded rotaxane-like structure in the solid state. 1H NMR titrations of the two ligands with various halide anions indicate that 5a and 5b can form complexes with Br- and I- but not F-. However, both compounds form more stable complexes with I- than with Br- in the presence of Bu4N+. The presence of K+ enhances the binding ability of 5a towards Br-.
- Tuntulani, Thawatchai,Poompradub, Sirilux,Thavornyutikarn, Praput,Jaiboon, Nongnuj,Ruangpornvisuti, Vithaya,Chaichit, Narongsak,Asfari, Zouhair,Vicens, Jacques
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p. 5541 - 5544
(2007/10/03)
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- An azophenol-based chromogenic anion sensor
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(equation presented) A new chromogenic azophenol-thiourea based anion sensor, 2, has been developed. This system allows for the selective colorimetric detection of F-, H2PO4-, and AcO-. Selectivity trends turned out to be dependent upon guest basicity and conformational complementarity between 2 and the guest.
- Lee, Dong Hoon,Lee, Kwan Hee,Hong, Jong-In
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- Imidazole-substituted quinoxalinedione derivatives
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PCT No. PCT/JP97/01905 Sec. 371 Date Dec. 2, 1998 Sec. 102(e) Date Dec. 2, 1998 PCT Filed Jun. 5, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/46555 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 11, 1997Imidazole-substituted quinoxalinedione derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions useful as glutamate receptor antagonists and the like, which comprise said compounds or salts thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. (Each symbol in the formula has the following meaning: A: a group represented by a formula (CH2)m or a group represented by a formula Ph-(CH2)p (Ph: a phenyl group), X: an oxygen atom or a group represented by a formula NR4, R1: a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a triazolyl group, with the proviso that X may be a bond when R1 is a triazolyl group, R2: a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a halogeno-lower alkyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, a mono- or di-lower alkylamino group or a halogen atom, R3 and R4: may be the same or different from each other and each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, n: 0, 1 or 2, m: an integer of 2 to 6, and p: an integer of 1 to 6.
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- Method of recycling phase transfer catalyst for displacement reactions
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Quatemary salts, employed as phase transfer catalysts in reactions of salts of dihydroxyaromatic compounds with substituted aromatic compounds such as halo- or nitro-phthalimides in non-polar solvents such as toluene, are recovered by washing the solution with water or aqueous base and extracting the wash liquids with a chlorinated alkane such as methylene chloride. It is often preferred to contact the extracts with an aqueous alkali metal bromide solution prior to recovery of the quatemary salt, thus converting all anion in said salt to bromide.
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- A New Oxidizing System for Aromatic Alcohols by the Combination of N-Oxoammonium Salt and Electrosynthesized Tetraalkylammonium Tribromide
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A combination of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl and tetraalkylammonium tribromides (R4NBr3), which are available from the corresponding tetraalkylammonium bromides via electrooxidation with potassium bromide, has proved to be useful for oxidations of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, respectively.The oxidation reaction proceeds smoothly even with a 0.5-1.0 molpercent of N-oxyl compounds and 1.5-2.0 equivalents of tetraalkylammonium tribromides in an aqueous-organic two-phase solution buffered at pH 8.0-8.6.This recyclable oxidant/co-oxidant combination system may involve the formation of N-oxoammonium salts, actual oxidizing agents of alcohols, by the action of hypobromite species generated from R4NBr3 in the binary solution.Utility of the method is highlighted by the selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols bearing electron-releasing groups on the aromatic nucleus to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones without any bromination and overoxidation.
- Inokuchi, Tsutomu,Matsumoto, Sigeaki,Fukushima, Mitsuhiro,Torii, Sigeru
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p. 796 - 800
(2007/10/02)
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- Preparation and Reactivities of (η3-1- and 2-Trimethylsiloxyallyl)Fe(CO2)NO Complexes. Intermediates Functioning as Equivalents of β- and α-Acyl Carbocations and Acyl Carbanions
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(η3-1- and 2-Trimethylsiloxyallyl)Fe(CO)2NO complexes were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding siloxyallylic halides with Bu4N.These complexes reacted with both of carbon nucleophiles and carbon electrophiles preferentially at the less hindered sites of the allylic ligands.In these reactions, (η3-1-trimethylsiloxyallyl)Fe(CO)2NO complexes served as synthetically equivalent synthons for both of β-acyl carbocations and β-acyl carbanions and (η3-2-trimethylsiloxyallyl)Fe(CO)2NO complexes as both of α-acyl carbocations and α-acyl carbanions.The stereochemical courses of the reactions are described.
- Itoh, Keiji,Nakanishi, Saburo,Otsuji, Yoshio
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p. 2965 - 2977
(2007/10/02)
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- (2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolinyl)oxyalkylamides, compositions and the use thereof
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Compounds according to the formula an optical isomers thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof wherein: n is an integer of 1 to 6; R1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons; R2 is hydrogen or R1 and R2 are combined to form an oxo group; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, phenyl, benzyl, hydroxy lower alkyl or an aliphatic acylate thereof of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl acylate thereof of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, carbamoyl alkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl of an alpha-amino acid side chain; R4 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, benzyl, or hydroxy lower alkyl; Y is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halo or lower alkoxy; A is NR5R6 wherein R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen; alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aliphatic acylate thereof of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl acrylate thereof of 7 to 12 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl lower alkyl of 4 to 12 carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, -OH, -OCOR7, halo, -NH2, -N(R7)2, -NHCOR7, -COOH, or -COO(R7) group wherein R 5 is lower alkyl; and phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one lower alkyl, halo or lower alkoxy group or an -NH2, -N(R7)2, -NHCOR7, -COOH, or -COOR7 group wherein R7 is lower alkyl; or wherein R5 and R6 are combined to form a compound selected from the group consisting of: morpholinyl; piperidinyl; perhexylenyl; N-loweralkylpiperazinyl; pyrrolidinyl; tetrahydroquinolinyl; tetrahydroisoquinolinyl; (+/-)-decahydroquinolinyl and indolinyl. These compounds are cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors useful as antithrombotic agents and the like in mammals. The compounds also have inotropic and anti-metastatic activities.
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- Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of Hydrogen Bonding in Triethylammonium Slats. Part 4. Rearrangement of Hydrogen-bonded Ion Pairs of Triethylammonium Salts caused by Interaction with Tetrabutylammonium Salts in Solution
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Rearrangement of triethyl- and tetrabutylammonium salts in chloroform solution has been revealed from the characteristic features of the ν(N+H) bands caused by Fermi resonance interaction.Temperature changes of the i.r. spectra show this process to be reversible.Rearrangement constant K1 and K-1 and enthalpies -ΔH (for some cases only) of this process have been determined by measuring the total integrated intensities of the ν(N+H) bands of complexes which are in equilibrium.K1 values of the tetrabutylammonium salts increase with decreasing hydrogen bonding strength in triethylammonium salts.The measured enthalpies of rearrangement and those calculated from the ν(N+H) bands of hydrogen-bonded complexes studied are in agreement.It has also been shown that tetrabutylammonium salts anions can participate in the rearrangement of hydrogen-bonded ion pairs like the organic bases studied previously.
- Mashkovsky, Alexander A.,Nabiullin, Ahat A.,Odinokov, Stanislav E.
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p. 1879 - 1884
(2007/10/02)
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- (2-Oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo-[2,1-B]quinazolinyl) oxyalkylamides properties having phosphodiosterase inhibiting
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Compounds according to the formula STR1 , its optical isomers, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: m and n are integers of 1 to 6; R1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons; R2 is hydrogen or R1 and R2 are combined to form an oxo group; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, phenyl, benzyl, hydroxy lower alkyl and its aliphatic acylates of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl acylates of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, carbamoyl alkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl or α-amino acid side chains; R4 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, benzyl, or hydroxy lower alkyl; R5 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl lower alkyl of 4 to 12 carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, --OH, --OCOR6, halo, --NH2, --N(R6)2, --NHCOR6, --COOH, or --COO(R6) group wherein R6 is lower alkyl; phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more lower alkyl, halo or lower alkoxy groups or an --NH2, --N(R6)2, --NHCOR6, --COOH, or --COOR6 group wherein R6 is lower alkyl; Y is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halo or lower alkoxy; and Z is --OR7 or --NR7 R8 wherein R7 and R8 are independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.
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- Reactivity of 2 with Several Uni- and Poly-dentate Phosphines. X-Ray Structure of
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The reactions of 2 with the unidentate phosphines PEtPh2, PEt2Ph, and PEt3 and the polydentate phosphines Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2 and PPh(CH2CH2PPh2)2 have been studied.Substitution of one or two bromide ligands may take place depending upon the reaction conditions.Ionic and neutral, mono- and bi-nuclear molybdenum compounds were obtained and characterized by analytical and X-ray diffraction methods, and by visible, i.r., and 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy.A general reaction scheme is proposed.
- Salagre, Pilar,Sueiras, Jesus-Eduardo,Solans, Xavier,Germain, Gabriel
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p. 2263 - 2268
(2007/10/02)
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- Method of treating heart failure using (2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo-[2,1-b]quinazolinyl)oxyalkylamides
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Compounds according to the formula STR1 and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof wherein: n is an integer of 1 to 6; R1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon; R2 is hydrogen or R1 and R2 combined are oxo; R3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, phenyl, benzyl, hydroxy lower alkyl and its acylates, carbamoyl alkyl, carboxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl or amino acid side chains; R4 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, benzyl, or hydroxy lower alkyl; Y is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, halo or lower alkoxy; A is an amide forming group wherein the nitrogen substituents are: hydrogen; alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and its aliphatic acylates of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl acylates of 7 to 12 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms or cycloalkyl lower alkyl of 4 to 12 carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl ring is unsubstituted or substituted with a lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, --OH, --OCOR5, halo, --NH2, --N(R5)2, --NHCOR5, --COOH, or --COO(R5) group wherein R5 is lower alkyl; phenyl or phenyl lower alkyl wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or more lower alkyl, halo or lower alkoxy groups or an --NH2, --N(R5)2, --NHCOR5, --COOH, or --COOR5 group wherein R5 is lower alkyl; morpholinyl; piperidinyl; perhexylenyl; N-loweralkylpiperazinyl; pyrrolidinyl; tetrahydroquinolinyl; tetrahydroisoquinolinyl; (±)-decahydroquinolinyl or indolinyl. These compounds have inotropic activity.
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- NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AT SULPHUR. COMPLEXES OF SULTONES WITH CHLORIDE AND BROMIDE IONS
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2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitrotoluene-α-sulphonic acid sultone, 1, reacts with Cl(-) in nitrobenzene or acetonitrile yielding 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrotoluene-α-sulphonyl chloride.The reaction proceeds via the formation of an ion-molecule pair.Similar complexes are formed with the corresponding mononitro and unsubstituted sultones, 4 and 5, which do not undergo nucleophilic substitution.The complexes are detected by NMR since the methylene protons of the sultones in the complexes are displaced by more than 1 ppm to lower field because of the adjacent negative charge of the halide ion.
- Gambarotta, Sandro,Isola, Mauro,Senatore, Lucio,Ciuffarin, Ennio
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p. 297 - 300
(2007/10/02)
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