- Silver-catalyzed decarboxylative halogenation of carboxylic acids
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Decarboxylative halogenation of carboxylic acids catalyzed by silver carbonate is reported. ortho-Nitrobenzoic acids react with copper(II) chloride or bromide in DMF/DMSO at 130-140 °C leading to the corresponding aryl halides in moderate to good yields.
- Luo, Yong,Pan, Xiaolin,Wu, Jie
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Read Online
- Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ortho-Halogenation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids with Sodium Halide NaX Using Carboxyl as a Traceless Directing Group
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A highly regioselective Pd-catalyzed carboxyl directed decarboxylative ortho-C-H halogenation of cheap o-nitrobenzoic acids with NaX (X = I, Br) under aerobic conditions has been established. The utility of the method has been demonstrated by the gram-scale reaction and derivatization of the product. Experimental results have confirmed Pd and Bi played critical roles in the transformation and indicated the transformation might proceed via 2-halo-6-nitrobenzoic acid derivative intermediate.
- Fu, Zhengjiang,Jiang, Yongqing,Wang, Shuiliang,Song, Yuanyuan,Guo, Shengmei,Cai, Hu
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supporting information
p. 3003 - 3007
(2019/05/10)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC HALIDES
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The present invention provides a halo-de-carboxylation process for the preparation of organic chlorides, organic bromides and mixtures thereof, from their corresponding carboxylic acids, using a chlorinating agent selected from trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA), or combination thereof, and a brominating agent.
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Paragraph 00122
(2017/08/01)
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- AURORA AND FLT3 KINASES MODULATORS
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The invention provides a compound having the formula (1): and salts thereof; wherein: R1 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; and R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and each is selected from hydrogen, C1-2 alkyl, fluorine, chlorine, C1-2 alkoxy and trifluoromethyl, provided that no more than two of R2, R3 and R4 are other than hydrogen. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and their use in medicine, and in particular in the treatment of cancer.
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Paragraph 0177; 0178
(2015/02/18)
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- AURORA AND FLT3 KINASES MODULATORS
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The invention provides a compound having the formula (1) useful as modulator of the activity of Aurora kinases and FLT3 kinases: and salts thereof; wherein: R1 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; and R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and each is selected from hydrogen, C1-2 alkyl, fluorine, chlorine, C1-2 alkoxy and trifluoromethyl, provided that no more than two of R2, R3 and R4 are other than hydrogen. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and their use in medicine, and in particular in the treatment of cancer
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Page/Page column 40
(2013/08/28)
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- Synthesis and potent antifungal activity against Candida species of some novel 1H-benzimidazoles
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A series of 47 novel N1-alkylated- 2-aryl-5(6)-substituted-1H-benzimidazoles and their three novel indole analogues were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antifungal activities against Candida species by the tube dilution method. The results showed that compounds 79 and 80, having pyridine at the position C-2, of benzimidazoles exhibited the greatest activity with MIC values of 6.25-3.12 μg/mL. Indole analogues 108-110 have no inhibitory activity.
- Goeker, Hakan,Alp, Mehmet,Ates-Alagoez, Zeynep,Yildiz, Sulhiye
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scheme or table
p. 936 - 948
(2009/12/05)
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- 2-PHENYL-INDOLES AS PROSTAGLANDIN D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention is directed to 2-phenyl-indole compounds (A), their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and their pharmaceutical use in treating a patient suffering from a PGD2-mediated disorder including, but not li
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Page/Page column 28
(2008/06/13)
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- 2-PHENYL-INDOLES AS PROSTAGLANDIN D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention is directed to a compound of Formula (XVI) wherein R, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and n are as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug thereof, or a pharmac
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Page/Page column 72-73
(2008/06/13)
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- 4-Substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes: Structure-activity relationships and extension of the substrate model of rat glutathione S-transferase 4-4
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In the present study, eleven 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes were tested for their GSH conjugation capacity when catalyzed by base or rat glutathione S-transferase (GST) 4-4. Kinetic parameters (k(s) and K(m), k(cat), and k(cat)/K(m)) were determined and subsequently used for the description of structure-activity relationships (SAR's). For this purpose, eight physicochemical parameters (electronic, steric, and lipophilic) of the substituents and five computer-calculated parameters of the substrates (charge distributions and several energy values) were used in regression analyses with the kinetic parameters. The obtained SAR's are compared with corresponding SAR's for the GSH conjugation of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4- nitrobenzenes, previously determined [Van der Aar et al. (1996) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 9, 527-534]. The kinetic parameters of the 4-substituted 1-chloro- 2-nitrobenzenes correlated well with the Hammett σ(p)- constant; the Hammett σ(p) constant corrected for 'through resonance', while the corresponding kinetic parameters of the 2-substituted 1-chloro-4- nitrobenzenes did not. The base-and GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation reactions of 2-substituted 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzenes depend to a different extent on the electronic properties of the ortho substituents, suggesting the involvement of different rate-limiting transition states. The base- and GST 4-4-catalyzed conjugation of 4-substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes, however, showed a similar dependence on the electronic properties of the para substituents, indicating that these substrates are conjugated to GSH via a similar transition state. Multiple regression analyses revealed that, besides electronic interactions, also steric and lipophilic restrictions appeared to play an important role in the GST 4-4-catalyzed GSH conjugation of 4- substituted 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes. Finally, the 4-substituted 1-chloro-2- nitrobenzenes were also used to extend the previously described substrate model for GST 4-4 [De Groot et al. (1995) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8, 649-658], by which a specific steric restriction of substrates for GST 4-4 became clear.
- Van Der Aar, Ellen M.,De Groot, Marcel J.,Bouwman, Tialda,Bijloo, Greetje J.,Commandeur, Jan N. M.,Vermeulen, Nico P. E.
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p. 439 - 449
(2007/10/03)
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- THE INVENTION OF RADICAL REACTIONS. PART XVI. RADICAL DECARBOXYLATIVE BROMINATION AND IODINATION OF AROMATIC ACIDS
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Thiohydroxamic esters of aromatic carboxylic acids undergo clean decarboxylative bromination or iodination on treatment with bromotrichloromethane, iodoform or diiodomethane in the presence of a radical initiator.
- Barton, Derek H.R.,Lacher, Brigitte,Zard, Samir Z.
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p. 4321 - 4328
(2007/10/02)
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- RADICAL DECARBOXYLATIVE BROMINATION OF AROMATIC ACIDS
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Thiohydroxamic esters (mixed anhydrides) of aromatic and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids undergo clean decarboxylative bromination on treatment with bromotrichloromethane in the presence of a radical initiator.
- Barton, Derek H.R.,Lacher, Brigitte,Zard, Samir Z.
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p. 5939 - 5942
(2007/10/02)
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