- Radical Decarboxylative Carbometalation of Benzoic Acids: A Solution to Aromatic Decarboxylative Fluorination
-
Abundant aromatic carboxylic acids exist in great structural diversity from nature and synthesis. To date, the synthetically valuable decarboxylative functionalization of benzoic acids is realized mainly by transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative cross couplings. However, the high activation barrier for thermal decarboxylative carbometalation that often requires 140 °C reaction temperature limits both the substrate scope as well as the scope of suitable reactions that can sustain such conditions. Numerous reactions, for example, decarboxylative fluorination that is well developed for aliphatic carboxylic acids, are out of reach for the aromatic counterparts with current reaction chemistry. Here, we report a conceptually different approach through a low-barrier photoinduced ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT)-enabled radical decarboxylative carbometalation strategy, which generates a putative high-valent arylcopper(III) complex, from which versatile facile reductive eliminations can occur. We demonstrate the suitability of our new approach to address previously unrealized general decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids.
- Xu, Peng,López-Rojas, Priscila,Ritter, Tobias
-
supporting information
p. 5349 - 5354
(2021/05/05)
-
- Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Ring-Cleavage of Isoxazoles: Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Enaminones and Application for the Preparation of Celecoxib, Deracoxib, and Mavacoxib
-
We have identified a new reactivity of copper/diamine catalysis for the reductive ring-cleavage of isoxazoles to yield fluoroalkylated enaminones. This protocol has the advantage of using commercially available reagents, ease of setting up, broad tolerance of functionality, and is regiospecific and free of defluorination and reduction of reducible functional groups. The utility was demonstrated by a one-step, regioselective synthesis of fluoroalkylated pyrazole-based drugs such as celecoxib, deracoxib, and mavacoxib.
- Wan, Chao,Pang, Jian-Yu,Jiang, Wei,Zhang, Xiao-Wei,Hu, Xiang-Guo
-
p. 4557 - 4566
(2021/03/01)
-
- A CONTINUOUS FLOW MICRO-TOTAL PROCESS SYSTEM FOR PREPARATION OF CELECOXIB AND ANALOGS THEREOF
-
The present invention relates to preparation of pyrazoles. This invention further relates to a continuous flow micro-total process system for preparation of celecoxib, a COX-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and analogs thereof.
- -
-
Page/Page column 16-19
(2020/08/22)
-
- An Integrated Continuous Flow Micro-Total Ultrafast Process System (μ-TUFPS) for the Synthesis of Celecoxib and Other Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
-
Integrated continuous manufacturing has emerged as a promising device for the rapid manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). We herein report a newly designed continuous flow micro-total process system platform for the rapid manufacturing of celecoxib, a selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This approach has been proven generally for the synthesis of several alkyl and aryl substituted pyrazoles. In order to minimize the tedious work-up process of potential reaction intermediates/products, we have developed a continuous flow extraction and separation platform to carry out the entire reaction sequence resulting in a short residence time with good yield. The present process was further extended to gram-scale synthesis of the COX-2-related API, viz. celecoxib, in the continuous flow process.
- Sthalam, Vinay Kumar,Singh, Ajay K.,Pabbaraja, Srihari
-
p. 1892 - 1899
(2019/10/11)
-
- Synthesis of Celecoxib, Mavacoxib, SC-560, Fluxapyroxad, and Bixafen Enabled by Continuous Flow Reaction Modules
-
Multi-step continuous flow synthesis enables a parallel approach to obtain agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals containing 3-fluoroalkyl pyrazole cores. In this system, fluorinated amines are transformed into pyrazole cores through a telescoped in situ generation and consumption of diazoalkanes. Once synthesized, additional continuous flow and batch reactions add complexity to the pyrazole core via C–N arylation and methylation, TMS cleavage, and amidation. Using this modular assembly line approach, Bixafen and Fluxapyroxad were synthesized in 38 % yield over four continuous flow steps in an overall reaction time of 56 min. Finally, coupling selected continuous flow processes with an offline (batch) Ullmann coupling afforded Celecoxib, Mavacoxib, and SC-560 in 33–54 % yield over two to three steps.
- Britton, Joshua,Jamison, Timothy F.
-
supporting information
p. 6566 - 6574
(2017/12/02)
-
- An efficient route to 3-trifluoromethylpyrazole via cyclization/1,5-H shift and its applications in the synthesis of bioactive compounds
-
A methodology for regioselective synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylpyrazole from the reaction of trifluoromethyl alkenone and tosylhydrazone has been developed. The reaction was proposed to proceed through a tandem cyclization and 1,5-H shift reaction, which can be applied to the synthesis of bioactive compounds like Celecoxib, Mavacoxib, and SC-560.
- Wang, Yongdong,Han, Jing,Chen, Jie,Cao, Weiguo
-
p. 8256 - 8262
(2015/10/05)
-
- Development of novel antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
-
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious threat to public health because of its resistance to multiple antibiotics most commonly used to treat infection. In this study, we report the unique ability of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib to kill Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA with modest potency. We hypothesize that the anti-Staphylococcus activity of celecoxib could be pharmacologically exploited to develop novel anti-MRSA agents with a distinct mechanism. Examination of an in-house, celecoxib-based focused compound library in conjunction with structural modifications led to the identification of compound 46 as the lead agent with high antibacterial potency against a panel of Staphylococcus pathogens and different strains of MRSA. Moreover, this killing effect is bacteria-specific, as human cancer cells are resistant to 46. In addition, a single intraperitoneal administration of compound 46 at 30 mg/kg improved the survival of MRSA-infected C57BL/6 mice. In light of its high potency in eradicating MRSA in vitro and its in vivo activity, compound 46 and its analogues warrant continued preclinical development as a potential therapeutic intervention against MRSA.
- Chiu, Hao-Chieh,Lee, Su-Lin,Kapuriya, Naval,Wang, Dasheng,Chen, Yi-Ru,Yu, Sung-Liang,Kulp, Samuel K.,Teng, Lee-Jene,Chen, Ching-Shih
-
scheme or table
p. 4653 - 4660
(2012/08/29)
-
- Crystalline pyrazoles
-
The present invention relates to crystal forms of 4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-benzenesulfonamide and methods for preparation, interconversion, and isolation of such crystals.
- -
-
Page/Page column 5
(2010/02/14)
-
- Method of using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in maintaining the fetal ductus ateriosus during treatment and prevention of preterm labor
-
This invention relates to the use of a tocolytic agent or agents in combination with selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors of Formula (II) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or derivative thereof for preparing a medicament for maintaining circulation through fetal ductus arteriosus during treatment or prevention of preterm labor in a subject in need of such treatment or prevention.
- -
-
-
- METHOD OF USING CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 INHIBITORS IN THE TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF NEOPLASIA
-
This invention relates to the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or derivatives thereof in preventing and treating neoplasia. In particular, the invention describes the method of preventing and treating epithelial cell neoplasia in a subject, said method comprising treating the subject with a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) wherein A, R and R are as described in the specification.
- -
-
-
- COMBINATION OF A SELECTIVE NMDA NR2B ANTAGONIST AND A COX-2 INHIBITOR
-
The present invention provides a combination of a selective NMDA NR2B antagonist and a COX-2 inhibitor for the treatment or prevention of pain or nociception.
- -
-
-
- Use of a COX-2 inhibitor and a NK-1 receptor antagonist for treating inflammation
-
The present invention provides the use of a COX-2 inhibitior and an NK-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment or prevention of inflammatory disorders.
- -
-
-
- SYNTHESIS OF DIARYL PYRAZOLES
-
A process for the qualitative preparation of 3-haloalkyl-1H-pyrazoles suitable for efficient, high payload commercial application.
- -
-
-
- Compounds and methods for inducing apoptosis in proliferating cells
-
Compounds useful for inducing apoptosis in proliferative cells, particularly cancer cells, including but not limited to prostate cancer, leukemia, non-smalll cell lung cancer, colon cancer, CNS cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, lymphoma, and breast cancer. These compounds are particularly useful in the treatment of androgen-independent cancers, including hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Further provided are methods of treating cancer in a subject in need of such treatment using the compounds of the present invention. Further provided are methods for using the compounds of the present invention to treat, inhibit, or delay the onset of cancer in a subject. Further provided are methods of inducing apoptosis in rapidly proliferating cells, particularly, though not necessarily cancer cells, using the compounds of the present invention.
- -
-
-
- Method for the treatment and prevention of cachexia
-
Cachexia, including anorexia and other forms of weight loss, is a frequent complication of acute and chronic infections, and result from induction of cytokines, prostaglandins, and other inflammatory mediators that are critical for pathogen elimination. The present invention includes methods for the treatment or prevention of cachexic conditions while maintaining the production of factors essential for infection control through the administration of an effective amount of a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound.
- -
-
-
- Combination therapy in the prevention of cardiovascular disorders
-
This invention relates to the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or derivatives thereof in preventing cardiovascular disorders.
- -
-
-
- Method of using cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of dementia
-
This invention relates to the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or derivatives thereof in preventing and treating dementia. In particular, the invention describes the method of preventing and treating dementia in a subject, said method comprising treating the subject with a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I wherein R2, R3, and R4 are as described in the specification.
- -
-
-
- Antiangiogenic combination therapy for the treatment of cancer
-
The present invention provides combinations of a DNA topoisomerase I inhibiting agent and a selective COX-2 inhibiting agent for preventing, treating, and/or reducing the risk of developing a neoplasia disorder in a mammal.
- -
-
-
- Combination therapy for treating neurodegenerative disease
-
The instant invention provides a novel drug combination comprised of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and a selective COX-2 inhibitor, which is useful for treating, preventing, delaying the onset of and/or reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. One object of the instant invention is to administer the above-described combination therapy to people who do not yet show clinical signs of Alzheimer's disease, but who are at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. These individuals may already show signs of mild cognitive impairment. Toward this end, the instant invention provides methods for preventing or reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer's by administering the above-described combination therapy to said at risk persons. Such treatment may halt or reduce the rate of further cognitive decline or, in fact, reverse cognitive decline. The present invention also provides for a method of preventing cognitive impairment or dementia, reducing the risk of cognitive decline or impairment or reducing cognitive decline or impairment resulting from stroke, stroke, cerebral ischemia or de-myelinating disorders.
- -
-
-
- Combination therapy using COX-2 selective inhibitor and thromboxane inhibitor and compositions therefor
-
The present invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of COX-2-mediated conditions in patients who are at risk of developing thromboembolic events which comprises administering to said patient a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a COX-2 selective inhibitor and a cardiovascular protective amount of a thromboxane inhibitor, as well as compositions therefor.
- -
-
-
- Combination of a GABAA alpha 5 inverse agonist and COX-2 inhibitor, NSAID, estrogen or vitamin E
-
Combinations of a GABAAalpha 5 inverse agonist and a COX-2 inhibitor, NSAID, estrogen or vitamin E are disclosed for treating neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease.
- -
-
-
- Method for treating inflammatory diseases by administering a thrombin inhibitor
-
The invention is a method for treating an inflammatory disease in a patient which comprises treating the patient with a composition comprising a thrombin inhibitor. Such diseases include but are not limited to nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, and sacoidosis. In one class of the method, the thrombin inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 3-(2-phenylethylamino)-6-methyl-1-(2-amino-6-methyl-5-methylenecarboxamidomethylpyridinyl)-2-pyrazinone, N′-[[1-(aminoiminomethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-N-(3,3-diphenylpropionyl)-L-proline amide, and 3-(2-phenethylamino)-6-methyl-1-(2-amino-6-methyl-5-methylenecarboxamidomethylpyridinyl)-2-pyridinone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The invention is also a method for treating an inflammatory disease in a patient which comprises treating the patient with a composition comprising a thrombin inhibitor and an NSAID, e.g., a COX-2 inhibitor. Such diseases include but are not limited to nephritis, systemic lupus, erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, and sacoidosis. In one class of the method, the thrombin inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 3-(2-phenylethylamino)-6-methyl-1-(2-amino-6-methyl-5-methylene-carboxamidomethylpyridinyl)-2-pyrazinone, N′-[[1-(aminoiminomethyl)-4-piperidinyl]methyl]-N-(3,3-diphenylpropionyl)-L-proline amide, and 3-(2-phenethylamino)-6-methyl-1-(2-amino-6-methyl-5-methylenecarboxamidomethylpyridinyl)-2-pyridinone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the COX-2 inhibitor is 3-phenyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5H)-furanone or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- -
-
-
- Combination therapy for reducing the risks associated with cardio-and-cerebrovascular disease
-
The instant invention provides a drug combination comprised of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in combination with a COX-2 inhibitor, which is useful for treating, preventing, and/or reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic disease events.
- -
-
-
- Method of detecting cyclooxygenase-2
-
The invention relates to a method of detecting concentrations of cyclooxygenase-2 in a mammal, the method comprising: administering to the mammal a diagnostically effective amount of a cyclooxygenase-2 selective agent, which is capable of being detected in vivo; and b) detecting the agent so the concentration of cyclooxygenase-2 is detected.
- -
-
-
- Method of using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as anti-angiogenic agents
-
This invention relates to the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or derivatives thereof in preventing and treating angiogenic disorders.
- -
-
-
- Treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders with a combination of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor
-
Combinations of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor are described for treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders.
- -
-
-
- Combination therapy for treating, preventing, or reducing the risks associated with acute coronary ischemic syndrome and related conditions
-
The invention provides a method for treating, preventing, or reducing the risk of developing a condition selected from the group consisting of acute coronary ischemic syndrome, thrombosis, thromboembolism, thrombotic occlusion and reocclusion, restenosis, transient ischemic attack, and first or subsequent thrombotic stroke, in a patient, comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of an antiplatelet agent in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of a COX-2 inhibitor. The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a COX-2 inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an antiplatelet agent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
- -
-
-
- Method of using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of neoplasia
-
This invention relates to the use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or derivatives thereof in preventing and treating neoplasia. In particular, the invention describes the method of preventing and treating epithelial cell neoplasia in a subject, said method comprising treating the subject with a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound of Formula I. STR1 wherein A, R2 and R3 are as described in the specification.
- -
-
-
- Treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders with a combination of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor
-
Combinations of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor are described for treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders.
- -
-
-
- Substituted pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamides for use in veterinary therapies
-
A method of using pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamide compounds in treating inflammation and inflammation-related disorders in companion animals is disclosed.
- -
-
-
- Substituted pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamides for the treatment of inflammation
-
A class of pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamide compounds is described for use in treating inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula II: STR1 or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
- -
-
-
- Synthesis and biological evaluation of the 1,5-diarylpyrazole class of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: Identification of 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)- 3(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (sc-58635, celecoxib)
-
A series of sulfonamide-containing 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their ability to block cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro and in vivo. Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) work was carried out within this series, and a number of potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2 were identified. Since an early structural lead (1f, SC- 236) exhibited an unacceptably long plasma half-life, a number of pyrazole analogs containing potential metabolic sites were evaluated further in vivo in an effort to identify compounds with acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles. This work led to the identification of 1i (4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-y1]benzenesulfonamide, SC-58635, celecoxib), which is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
- Penning, Thomas D.,Talley, John J.,Bertenshaw, Stephen R.,Carter, Jeffery S.,Collins, Paul W.,Docter, Stephen,Graneto, Matthew J.,Lee, Len F.,Malecha, James W.,Miyashiro, Julie M.,Rogers, Roland S.,Rogier,Yu, Stella S.,Anderson, Gary D.,Burton, Earl G.,Cogburn, J. Nita,Gregory, Susan A.,Koboldt, Carol M.,Perkins, William E.,Seibert, Karen,Veenhuizen, Amy W.,Zhang, Yan Y.,Isakson, Peter C.
-
p. 1347 - 1365
(2007/10/03)
-
- Substituted pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamide for the treatment of inflammation
-
A class of pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamide compounds is described for use in treating inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula I: STR1
- -
-
-
- SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLYL BENZENESULFONAMIDES
-
A class of pyrazolyl benzenesulfonamide compounds is described for use in treating inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. Compounds of particular interest are defined by Formula I: or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof
- -
-
-