- HETEROCYCLIC GLP-1 AGONISTS
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This disclosure relates to GLP-1 agonists of Formula (I) : including pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions including the same.
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Page/Page column 139; 146-147
(2021/08/14)
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- Process Optimisation Studies and Aminonitrile Substrate Evaluation of Rhodococcus erythropolis SET1, A Nitrile Hydrolyzing Bacterium
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A comprehensive series of optimization studies including pH, solvent and temperature were completed on the nitrile hydrolyzing Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterium SET1 with the substrate 3-hydroxybutyronitrile. These identified temperature of 25 °C and pH of 7 as the best conditions to retain enantioselectivity and activity. The effect of the addition of organic solvents to the biotransformation mixture was also determined. The results of the study suggested that SET1 is suitable for use in selected organo-aqueous media at specific ratios only. The functional group tolerance of the isolate with unprotected and protected β-aminonitriles, structural analogues of β-hydroxynitriles was also investigated with disappointingly poor isolated yields and selectivity obtained. The isolate was further evaluated with the α- aminonitrile phenylglycinonitrile generating acid in excellent yield and ee (>99 % (S) – isomer and 50 % yield). A series of pH studies with this substrate indicated pH 7 to be the optimum pH to avoid product and substrate degradation.
- Coady, Tracey M.,Coffey, Lee,Kinsella, Michael,Lennon, Claire M.,Mareya, Tatenda M.,O'Reilly, Catherine
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p. 512 - 520
(2020/10/02)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of chiral β-amino acid-based low-molecular-weight organogelators possessing a methyl/trifluoromethyl side chain
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The synthesis and gelation properties of chiral β-amino acid-based low-molecular-weight organogelators, possessing methyl/trifluoromethyl side chains, are reported. The structure of the side chain and chirality were found to be important parameters affecting the gelation ability. The pure enantiomer of the trifluoromethylated β-amino acid displayed good gelation properties due to the formation of fibrillar networks, driven by enhanced amide hydrogen bonding. An investigation of the effects of the alkyl chain length showed that longer alkyl chain improved the gelation ability, yet the same supramolecular structure was observed in all, as well as an odd-even effect in both the melting points and Tg values.
- Kodama, Koichi,Kawamata, Ryuta,Hirose, Takuji
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p. 2882 - 2887
(2019/02/17)
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- Identification of highly selective and potent orexin receptor 1 antagonists derived from a dual orexin receptor 1/2 antagonist based on the structural framework of pyrazoylethylbenzamide
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The design, synthesis, and structure activity relationships of the novel class of pyrazolylethylbenzamide orexin receptor 1-selective antagonists are described. Further derivatization of the prototype dual orexin receptor 1/2 antagonist lead (1) by instal
- Futamura, Aya,Nozawa, Dai,Araki, Yuko,Tamura, Yunoshin,Tokura, Seiken,Kawamoto, Hiroshi,Tokumaru, Yuichi,Kakihara, Sora,Aoki, Takeshi,Ohtake, Norikazu
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p. 5203 - 5215
(2017/10/06)
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- Synthetic and theoretical investigation on the one-pot halogenation of β-amino alcohols and nucleophilic ring opening of aziridinium ions
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Aziridinium ions are useful reactive intermediates for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched building blocks. However, N,N-dialkyl aziridinium ions are relatively underutilized in the synthesis of optically active molecules as compared to other three
- Chen, Yunwei,Sun, Xiang,Wu, Ningjie,Li, Jingbai,Jin, Shengnan,Zhong, Yongliang,Liu, Zirui,Rogachev, Andrey,Chong, Hyun-Soon
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p. 920 - 939
(2016/01/15)
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- BRANCHED CHAIN ALKYL HETEROAROMATIC RING DERIVATIVE
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A branched chain alkyl heteroaromatic ring derivative represented by formula (Ia) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is useful for treatment or prophylaxis of diseases such as sleep disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, drug dependence, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, eating disorder, cephalalgia, hemicrania, pain, digestive diseases, epilepsy, inflammation, immune-related diseases, endocrine-related diseases and hypertension, on the basis of the orexin (OX) receptor antagonist activity.
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- A multifaceted secondary structure mimic based on piperidine-piperidinones
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Minimalist secondary structure mimics are typically made to resemble one interface in a protein-protein interaction (PPI), and thus perturb it. We recently proposed suitable chemotypes can be matched with interface regions directly, without regard for secondary structures. Here we describe a modular synthesis of a new chemotype 1, simulation of its solution-state conformational ensemble, and correlation of that with ideal secondary structures and real interface regions in PPIs. Scaffold 1 presents amino acid side-chains that are quite separated from each other, in orientations that closely resemble ideal sheet or helical structures, similar non-ideal structures at PPI interfaces, and regions of other PPI interfaces where the mimic conformation does not resemble any secondary structure. 68 different PPIs where conformations of 1 matched well were identified. A new method is also presented to determine the relevance of a minimalist mimic crystal structure to its solution conformations. Thus dld-1-faf crystallized in a conformation that is estimated to be 0.91 kcal-mol-1 above the minimum energy solution state. Do we know, when designing a new peptidomimetic scaffold like the one shown, how it can resemble secondary structures? Design and modular synthesis of this elongated mimic is reported, and the structure is related to ideal and real structures at PPI interfaces.
- Xin, Dongyue,Perez, Lisa M.,Ioerger, Thomas R.,Burgess, Kevin
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p. 3594 - 3598
(2014/04/17)
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- Entropy-controlled catalytic asymmetric 1,4-type Friedel-crafts reaction of phenols using conformationally flexible guanidine/bisthiourea organocatalyst
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Soft and weak cooperation: Conformationally flexible organic compounds were found to promote the title transformation. These "soft" organocatalysts, which are able to control processes through the differential activation entropies (ΔΔS*S-R) of
- Sohtome, Yoshihiro,Shin, Bongki,Horitsugi, Natsuko,Takagi, Rika,Noguchi, Keiichi,Nagasawa, Kazuo
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7299 - 7303
(2010/11/04)
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- Synthesis of novel N-protected β3-amino nitriles: study of their hydrolysis involving a nitrilase-catalyzed step
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Several commercially available nitrilases were investigated with regard to their potential to hydrolyze N-protected β3-amino nitriles into their corresponding N-protected β3-amino acids. The biotransformations were obtained in different proportions depending on the nitrilase involved. The best hydrolysis results were achieved for the N-Cbz-β3-amino nitrile from l-alanine using the NIT-107, in a phosphate buffer at 0.05 M. However, no biotransformation into the corresponding acids was observed for the N-sulfonylamide β3-amino nitriles. Two simple and efficient procedures to prepare the β3-amino nitriles from their analogous α-amino acids are described. Thirty four new substances were synthesized and characterized over the course of this work.
- Veitia, Maite Sylla-Iyarreta,Brun, Pierre Louis,Jorda, Pierre,Falguieres, Annie,Ferroud, Clotilde
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experimental part
p. 2077 - 2089
(2010/03/04)
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- POLYCYCLIC CARBAMOYLPYRIDONE DERIVATIVE HAVING HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
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The present invention is to provide a novel compound (I), having the anti-virus activity, particularly the HIV integrase inhibitory activity, and a drug containing the same, particularly an anti-HIV drug, as well as a process and an intermediate thereof. Compound (I) wherein Z1 is NR4; R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; X is a single bond, a hetero atom group selected from O, S, SO, SO2 and NH, or lower alkylene or lower alkenylene in which the hetero atom group may intervene; R2 is optionally substituted aryl; R3 is hydrogen, a halogen, hydroxy, optionally substituted lower alkyl etc; and R4 and Z2 part taken together forms a ring, to form a polycyclic compound, including e.g., a tricyclic or tetracyclic compound.
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Page/Page column 168
(2010/11/24)
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- PGD2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
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Disclosed herein are compounds represented by Structural Formula: (I) and (I-A). Also disclosed is the use of such compounds for inhibiting the G-protein coupled receptor referred to as chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2, or simply "CRTH2" for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The variables in Structural Formula (I) and (I-A) are defined herein.
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Page/Page column 160-161
(2008/06/13)
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- Structure - Immunosuppressive activity relationships of new analogues of 15-deoxyspergualin. 2. Structural modifications of the spermidine moiety
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A series of new analogues of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), an immunosuppressive agent commercialized in Japan, was synthesized and tested in a graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) model in mice. Various substitutions of the spermidine 'D' region were made in order to determine its optimum structure in terms of in vivo immunosuppressive activity. Various positions of methylation were first investigated leading to the discovery of the monomethylated malonic derivative 56h in which the pro-R hydrogen of the methylene α to the primary amine of the spermidine moiety has been replaced by a methyl group. Synthesis of the similarly methylated analogue of the previously reported glycolic derivative LF 08-0299 afforded 60c which demonstrated a powerful activity at a dose as low as 0.3 mg/kg in the GVHD model and was much more potent than DSG in the demanding heart allotransplantation model in rats. The improvement of in vivo activity was supposed to be related to an increase of the metabolic stability of the methylated analogues compared to the parent molecules. Due to its very low active dose, compatible with a subcutaneous administration in humans, and its favorable pharmacological and toxicological profile, 60e was selected as a candidate for clinical evaluation.
- Lebreton, Luc,Jost, Eric,Carboni, Bertrand,Annat, Jocelyne,Vaultier, Michel,Dutartre, Patrick,Renaut, Patrice
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p. 4749 - 4763
(2007/10/03)
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- Chemoenzymatic synthesis of 4-amino-2-hydroxy acids: A comparison of mutant and wild-type oxidoreductases
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We describe a new chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiopure 4-amino-2-hydroxy acids using two biotransformations in a single-pot process in aqueous medium. These compounds are valuable as γ-turn mimics for investigations into the secondary structure of peptides. The enzyme substrates are a series of carbobenzyloxy (CBZ)-protected 4-amino-2-keto esters, prepared efficiently from the L-amino acids, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, and valine. First, the α-amino acids were converted to the corresponding β-amino acids in a simple five-step procedure. A further one-carbon homologation via ozonolysis of the corresponding β-keto cyanophosphoranes gave the required α-keto esters in good yield. The enzyme catalyzed hydrolyses of all the α-keto esters to the corresponding α-keto acids proceeded smoothly with the lipase from Candida rugosa. Using the same reaction pot, it was found that wild-type lactate dehydrogenases from either Bacillus stearothermophilus CBS-LDH) or Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE-LDH) could be used to specifically reduce the ketone of the alanine-derived α-keto acid 2, giving the (S)- and CR)-2-hydroxy acids, respectively, in good yields. However, the more bulky α-keto acids 3, 4, and 5 (derived from valine, leucine, and phenylalanine) were not substrates for these enzymes. In contrast, the genetically engineered H205Q mutant of D-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase proved to be an ideal catalyst for the reduction of all the α-keto acids 2-5, giving excellent yields of the CBZ-protected (2R,4S)-4-amino2-hydroxy acids as single diastereomers. This genetically engineered oxidoreductase has great potential value in synthesis due to its broad substrate specificity and high catalytic activity. For example, reduction of 1 mmol of N-protected (S)-4-amino-2-oxopentanoic acid 2 took just 4 h with the H205Q mutant giving, after esterification, the CR)-2-alcohol 25 in 85% yield, whereas with SE-LDH the reaction required 4 days to give a 67% yield of 25.
- Sutherland, Andrew,Willis, Christine L.
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p. 7764 - 7769
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of enantiopure N-and C-protected homo-β-amino acids by direct homologation of α-amino acids
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Enantiopure N-and/or C-protected homo-β-amino acids are prepared readily and in good yields from N-protected α-amino acids with the same side chain, via reduction of the carboxyl function and conversion of the resulting N-protected β-amino alcohol into the corresponding β-amino iodide and then β-amino cyanide. The key step of this strategy is represented by the synthesis of the enantiopure N-protected β-amino iodides 2 and 3 that are smoothly obtained from the parent amino alcohols 1 by polymer bound triarylphosphine-I2 complex in anhydrous dichloromethane.
- Caputo, Romualdo,Cassano, Ersilia,Longobardo, Luigi,Palumbo, Giovanni
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p. 12337 - 12350
(2007/10/02)
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