- Regioselective, Diastereoselective, and Enantioselective One-Pot Tandem Reaction Based on an in Situ Formed Reductant: Preparation of 2,3-Disubstituted 1,5-Benzodiazepine
-
The 1,5-benzodiazepines are important skeletons frequently contained in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we described an unexpected tandem cyclization/transfer hydrogenation reaction for obtaining chiral 2,3-disubstituted 1,5-benzodiazepines. The enolizable aryl aldehydes were chosen as substrates to react with symmetric and unsymmetric o-phenylenediamines. The unforeseen tandem reaction occurred among many possible latent side reactions under chiral phosphoric acid catalysis and affords the corresponding products in moderate yields and regioselectivities, good diastereoselectivities, and enantiomeric ratio (up to 99:1).
- Yang, Gao-Feng,Li, Guang-Xun,Huang, Jin,Fu, Ding-Qiang,Nie, Xiao-Kang,Cui, Xin,Zhao, Jin-Zhong,Tang, Zhuo
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p. 5110 - 5119
(2021/04/12)
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- Rhodium-Catalyzed β-Dehydroborylation of Silyl Enol Ethers: Access to Highly Functionalized Enolates
-
An efficient rhodium-catalyzed β-dehydroborylation of aldehyde-derived silyl enol ethers (SEEs) with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) is disclosed. The borylation reactions proceeded well with alkyl- and aryl-substituted SEEs, affording a wide array of valuable functionalized β-boryl silyl enolates with high efficiency and excellent stereoselectivity. Moreover, the borylated products, through versatile carbon–boron bond transformations, were readily converted into diverse synthetically useful molecules, including α-hydroxy ketones, functionalized SEEs, and gem-difunctionalized aldehydes.
- Li, Jie,Li, Ruoling,Yang, Wen,Zhao, Pei,Zhao, Wanxiang
-
supporting information
p. 9580 - 9585
(2021/12/14)
-
- Aerobic epoxidation of styrene over Zr-based metal-organic framework encapsulated transition metal substituted phosphomolybdic acid
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Catalytic epoxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen is regarded as an eco-friendly alternative to producing industrially important chemical of styrene oxide (STO). Recent efforts have been focused on developing highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts with high STO selectivity for the aerobic epoxidation of styrene. Herein, a series of transition metal monosubstituted heteropolyacid compounds (TM-HPAs), such as Fe, Co, Ni or Cu-monosubstituted HPA, were encapsulated in UiO-66 frameworks (denoted as TM-HPA@UiO-66) by direct solvothermal method, and their catalytic properties were investigated for the aerobic epoxidation of styrene with aldehydes as co-reductants. Among them, Co-HPA@UiO-66 showed relatively high catalytic activity, stability and epoxidation selectivity at very mild conditions (313 K, ambient pressure), that can achieve 82 % selectivity to STO under a styrene conversion of 96 % with air as oxidant and pivalaldehyde (PIA) as co-reductant. In addition, the hybrid composite catalyst can also efficiently catalyze the aerobic epoxidation of a variety of styrene derivatives. The monosubstituted Co atoms in Co-HPA@UiO-66 are the main active sites for the aerobic epoxidation of styrene with O2/PIA, which can efficiently converting styrene to the corresponding epoxide through the activation of the in-situ generated acylperoxy radical intermediate.
- Hu, Dianwen,Song, Xiaojing,Zhang, Hao,Chang, Xinyu,Zhao, Chen,Jia, Mingjun
-
-
- High-Level Production of Phenylacetaldehyde using Fusion-Tagged Styrene Oxide Isomerase
-
An order-of-magnitude improvement in the production of phenylacetaldehyde to 3.37 M (405 g L?1) from the enzymatic isomerisation of styrene oxide was achieved. A small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) tag increases the productivity of the whole-cell biocatalytic system by enhancing the expression of active membrane-bound styrene oxide isomerase (SOI) while retaining enzyme catalytic efficiency and broad natural substrate scope. The isomerisation was performed by using Escherichia coli expressing SUMO-tagged SOI in an organic-aqueous biphasic system to yield 96% of phenylacetaldehyde. (Figure presented.).
- Choo, Joel P. S.,Kammerer, Richard A.,Li, Xiaodan,Li, Zhi
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p. 1714 - 1721
(2021/02/12)
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- Manganese and rhenium-catalyzed selective reduction of esters to aldehydes with hydrosilanes
-
The selective reduction of esters to aldehydes, via the formation of stable alkyl silyl acetals, was, for the first time, achieved with both manganese, -Mn2(CO)10- and rhenium -Re2(CO)10- catalysts in the presence of triethylsilane as reductant. These two methods provide a direct access to a large variety of aliphatic and aromatic alkyl silyl acetals (30 examples) and to the corresponding aldehydes (13 examples) upon hydrolysis. The reactions proceeded in excellent yields and high selectivity at room temperature under photo-irradiation conditions (LED, 365 nm, 40 W, 9 h).
- Wei, Duo,Buhaibeh, Ruqaya,Canac, Yves,Sortais, Jean-Baptiste
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p. 11617 - 11620
(2020/10/19)
-
- Deoxygenation of Epoxides with Carbon Monoxide
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The use of carbon monoxide as a direct reducing agent for the deoxygenation of terminal and internal epoxides to the respective olefins is presented. This reaction is homogeneously catalyzed by a carbonyl pincer-iridium(I) complex in combination with a Lewis acid co-catalyst to achieve a pre-activation of the epoxide substrate, as well as the elimination of CO2 from a γ-2-iridabutyrolactone intermediate. Especially terminal alkyl epoxides react smoothly and without significant isomerization to the internal olefins under CO atmosphere in benzene or toluene at 80–120 °C. Detailed investigations reveal a substrate-dependent change in the mechanism for the epoxide C?O bond activation between an oxidative addition under retention of the configuration and an SN2 reaction that leads to an inversion of the configuration.
- Maulbetsch, Theo,Jürgens, Eva,Kunz, Doris
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p. 10634 - 10640
(2020/07/30)
-
- α-Amino Diphenyl Phosphonates as Novel Inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP Protease
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Increased Gram-negative bacteria resistance to antibiotics is becoming a global problem, and new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are required. The caseinolytic protease subunit P (ClpP) is a serine protease conserved among bacteria that is considered as an interesting drug target. ClpP function is involved in protein turnover and homeostasis, stress response, and virulence among other processes. The focus of this study was to identify new inhibitors of Escherichia coli ClpP and to understand their mode of action. A focused library of serine protease inhibitors based on diaryl phosphonate warheads was tested for ClpP inhibition, and a chemical exploration around the hit compounds was conducted. Altogether, 14 new potent inhibitors of E. coli ClpP were identified. Compounds 85 and 92 emerged as most interesting compounds from this study due to their potency and, respectively, to its moderate but consistent antibacterial properties as well as the favorable cytotoxicity profile.
- Moreno-Cinos, Carlos,Sassetti, Elisa,Salado, Irene G.,Witt, Gesa,Benramdane, Siham,Reinhardt, Laura,Cruz, Cristina D.,Joossens, Jurgen,Van Der Veken, Pieter,Br?tz-Oesterhelt, Heike,Tammela, P?ivi,Winterhalter, Mathias,Gribbon, Philip,Windshügel, Bj?rn,Augustyns, Koen
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p. 774 - 797
(2019/01/30)
-
- Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinylboronates by Rh-Catalyzed Borylation of Stereoisomeric Mixtures
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The stereoselective preparation of vinylboronates via rhodium-catalyzed borylation of E/Z mixtures of vinyl actetates is described, and this method was also extended to synthesis of vinyldiboronates. These transformations feature high functional group compatibility and mild reaction conditions. Control experiments support a mechanism that involved a Rh-catalyzed borylation-isomerization sequence. The isomerization of (Z)-vinylboronates to (E)-isomers was also demonstrated.
- Li, Shenhuan,Li, Jie,Xia, Tianlai,Zhao, Wanxiang
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supporting information
p. 462 - 468
(2019/03/28)
-
- Facile Access to Challenging ortho-Terphenyls via Merging Two Multi-Step Domino Reactions in One-Pot: A Joint Experimental/Theoretical Study
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ortho-Terphenyls are of high interest for medicinal chemistry and materials science, but they are difficult to access. Herein, we demonstrate a straightforward and sustainable synthesis of highly functionalized ortho-terphenyls via joining an organocatalyzed two-step domino reaction (Knoevenagel/vinylogous Michael) with a DABCO/CuBr2 co-catalyzed three-step domino reaction (cyclization/tautomerization/aromatization) in a one-pot process. Overcoming necessity to isolate intermediate products leads to a reduction of energy, costs and waste for a broad scope of reactions. DFT calculations have been performed to investigate the thermodynamics of this one-pot process towards ortho-terphenyls and to study the reaction profile of the vinylogous Michael reaction under inclusion of solvent effects. Role of London dispersion forces in this transformation has been elucidated. It is shown that reaction kinetics and thermodynamics are slightly influenced by dispersion interactions. Furthermore, the addition of dispersion energy donors leads to small changes of reaction energies in some cases.
- Grau, Benedikt W.,B?nisch, Simon,Neuhauser, Alexander,Hampel, Frank,G?rling, Andreas,Tsogoeva, Svetlana B.
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p. 3982 - 3992
(2019/08/08)
-
- Synthesis and evaluation of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives for development as broad-spectrum antibiotics
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The reality and intensity of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria calls for the rapid development of new antimicrobial drugs. In bacteria, trans-translation is the primary quality control mechanism for rescuing ribosomes arrested during translation. Because trans-translation is absent in eukaryotes but necessary to avoid ribosomal stalling and therefore essential for bacterial survival, it is a promising target either for novel antibiotics or for improving the activities of the protein synthesis inhibitors already in use. Oxadiazole derivatives display strong bactericidal activity against a large number of bacteria, but their effects on trans-translation were recently questioned. In this work, a series of new 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives and analogs were synthesized and assessed for their efficiency as antimicrobial agents against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic strains. Despite the strong antimicrobial activity observed in these molecules, it turns out that they do not target trans-translation in vivo, but they definitely act on other cellular pathways.
- Tresse, Cédric,Radigue, Richard,Gomes Von Borowski, Rafael,Thepaut, Marion,Hanh Le, Hong,Demay, Fanny,Georgeault, Sylvie,Dhalluin, Anne,Trautwetter, Annie,Ermel, Gwennola,Blanco, Carlos,van de Weghe, Pierre,Jean, Micka?l,Giard, Jean-Christophe,Gillet, Reynald
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- Total Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Paroxetine and (+)-Femoxetine
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Total, asymmetric synthesis of (+)-Paroxetine and (+)-Femoxetine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, used for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and panic disorders is reported. The key step is organocatalytic Michael addition of aldehydes to trans-nitroalkenes realized in bath or continues flow. High efficiency and selectivity in the Michael addition was achieved by application of Wang resin-supported Hayashi–J?rgensen catalyst.
- Szcze?niak, Piotr,Buda, Szymon,Lefevre, Laura,Staszewska-Krajewska, Olga,Mlynarski, Jacek
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p. 6973 - 6982
(2019/11/20)
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- Peroxygenase-Catalysed Epoxidation of Styrene Derivatives in Neat Reaction Media
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Biocatalytic oxyfunctionalisation reactions are traditionally conducted in aqueous media limiting their production yield. Here we report the application of a peroxygenase in neat reaction conditions reaching product concentrations of up to 360 mM.
- Alcalde, Miguel,Arends, Isabel W. C. E.,Hollmann, Frank,Paul, Caroline E.,Rauch, Marine C. R.,Tieves, Florian
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- Photoredox Cyanomethylation of Indoles: Catalyst Modification and Mechanism
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The direct cyanomethylation of indoles at the 2- or 3-position was achieved via photoredox catalysis. The versatile nitrile synthon is introduced as a radical generated from bromoacetonitrile, a photocatalyst, and blue LED as a light source. The mechanism of the reaction is explored by determination of the Stern-Volmer quenching constants. By combining photophysical data and mass spectrometry to follow the catalyst decomposition, the catalyst ligands were tuned to enable synthetically useful yields of radical coupling products. A range of indole substrates with alkyl, aryl, halogen, ester, and ether functional groups participate in the reaction, affording products in 16-90% yields. The reaction allows the rapid construction of synthetically useful cyanomethylindoles, products that otherwise require several synthetic steps.
- O'Brien, Connor J.,Droege, Daniel G.,Jiu, Alexander Y.,Gandhi, Shivaani S.,Paras, Nick A.,Olson, Steven H.,Conrad, Jay
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p. 8926 - 8935
(2018/07/05)
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- Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Inhibitors for Angiogenesis-Related Ocular Diseases: Discovery of a Novel Scaffold via Ring-Truncation Strategy
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Ocular diseases featuring pathologic neovascularization are the leading cause of blindness, and anti-VEGF agents have been conventionally used to treat these diseases. Recently, regulating factors upstream of VEGF, such as HIF-1α, have emerged as a desirable therapeutic approach because the use of anti-VEGF agents is currently being reconsidered due to the VEGF action as a trophic factor. Here, we report a novel scaffold discovered through the complete structure-activity relationship of ring-truncated deguelin analogs in HIF-1α inhibition. Interestingly, analog 6i possessing a 2-fluorobenzene moiety instead of a dimethoxybenzene moiety exhibited excellent HIF-1α inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 100 nM. In particular, the further ring-truncated analog 34f, which showed enhanced HIF-1α inhibitory activity compared to analog 2 previously reported by us, inhibited in vitro angiogenesis and effectively suppressed hypoxia-mediated retinal neovascularization. Importantly, the heteroatom-substituted benzene ring as a key structural feature of analog 34f was identified as a novel scaffold for HIF-1α inhibitors that can be used in lieu of a chromene ring.
- An, Hongchan,Lee, Seungbeom,Lee, Jung Min,Jo, Dong Hyun,Kim, Joohwan,Jeong, Yoo-Seong,Heo, Mi Jeong,Cho, Chang Sik,Choi, Hoon,Seo, Ji Hae,Hwang, Seyeon,Lim, Jihye,Kim, Taewoo,Jun, Hyoung Oh,Sim, Jaehoon,Lim, Changjin,Hur, Joonseong,Ahn, Jungmin,Kim, Hyun Su,Seo, Seung-Yong,Na, Younghwa,Kim, Seok-Ho,Lee, Jeewoo,Lee, Jeeyeon,Chung, Suk-Jae,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Kyu-Won,Kim, Sang Geon,Kim, Jeong Hun,Suh, Young-Ger
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p. 9266 - 9286
(2018/10/24)
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- Manganese-Catalyzed Dual-Deoxygenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with 2-Arylethanols
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Reported herein is a general and efficient dual-deoxygenative coupling of primary alcohols with 2-arylethanols catalyzed by a well-defined Mn/PNP pincer complex. This reaction is the first example of the catalytic dual-deoxygenation of alcohols using a non-noble-metal catalyst. Both deoxygenative homocoupling of 2-arylethanols (17 examples) and their deoxygenative cross-coupling with other primary alcohols (20 examples) proceeded smoothly to form the corresponding alkenes by a dehydrogenation and deformylation reaction sequence.
- Wang, Yujie,Shao, Zhihui,Zhang, Kun,Liu, Qiang
-
supporting information
p. 15143 - 15147
(2018/11/01)
-
- Regio- and chemoselective rearrangement of terminal epoxides into methyl alkyl and aryl ketones
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The development of the highly active pincer-type rhodium catalyst 2 for the nucleophilic Meinwald rearrangement of functionalised terminal epoxides into methyl ketones under mild conditions is presented. An excellent regio- and chemoselectivity is obtained for the first time for aryl oxiranes.
- Tian, Yingying,Jürgens, Eva,Kunz, Doris
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p. 11340 - 11343
(2018/10/31)
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- Synthesis of Substrates for Aldolase-Catalysed Reactions: A Comparison of Methods for the Synthesis of Substituted Phenylacetaldehydes
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Methods for the synthesis of phenylacetaldehydes (oxidation, one-carbon chain extension) were compared by using the synthesis of 4-methoxyphenylacetaldehyde as a model example. Oxidations of 4-methoxyphenylethanol with activated DMSO (Swern oxidation) or manganese dioxide gave unsatisfactory results; whereas oxidation with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) produced 4-methoxyphenylacetaldehyde in reasonable (75%) yield. However, Wittig-type one-carbon chain extension with methoxymethylene-triphenylphosphine followed by hydrolysis gave an excellent (81% overall) yield of 4-methoxyphenylacetaldehyde from 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (a cheap starting material). This approach was subsequently used to synthesise a set of 10 substituted phenylacetaldehydes in good to excellent yields.
- Al-Smadi, Derar,Enugala, Thilak Reddy,Norberg, Thomas,Kihlberg, Jan,Widersten, Mikael
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supporting information
p. 1187 - 1190
(2018/03/26)
-
- Non-imidazole histamine H3 ligands. Part VI. Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological investigation of thiazole-type histamine H3-receptor antagonists with lacking a nitrogen nucleus in the side chain
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Background: Antagonists to the H3 receptor are considered to be potential drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit-hyperactive disorder, memory and learning deficits, and epilepsy. The initial development of potent H3 receptor antagonists focused on extensive modification of the natural ligand histamine. However, it has appeared that imidazole-containing ligands are associated with inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes, caused by imidazole nitrogen complexation to heme iron in the active site of the enzyme. For these reasons, the development of potent non-imidazole H3 receptor antagonists was eagerly awaited. Objective: Previously, we reported the synthesis and pharmacological in vitro characterization of series of potent histamine H3-receptor non-imidazole antagonists belonging to the class of substituted 2-thiazol-4-n-propylpiperazines. A lead compound 1 of this family was a derivative carrying the ethylaminomethylpropyl chain. Methods: With the aim of increasing lipophilicity, that will help the ligands to cross the blood-brain barrier, we synthesized a series of new 2-thiazol-4-n-propylpiperazines where the ethylaminomethylpropyl moiety was replaced by a p-substituted-, an unsubstituted benzene ring, and ω-phenylalkyl substituent at positions 4 and 5 of thiazole ring, respectively. All compounds were tested for H3 antagonistic effects in vitro using the electrically contracting guinea pig jejunum. Results: The most active compounds of presented series 3d, 3e, and 3j showed lower affinity than the lead compound 1 and additionally, derivatives 3d and 3j possessed weak, competitive H1-antagonistic activity. This is in contrast to the lead compound 1 that has no affinity at H1 receptor. Conclusion: We can conclude that a side chain in the 2-thiazol-4-n-propylpiperazine scaffold should contain a basic center and should be present at a favorable position 5 of thiazole ring.
- Guryn, Roman,Staszewski, Marek,Kopczacki, Piotr,Walczyński, Krzysztof
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- SeO2-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of 3-Cyanofurans from 3-Oxo-3-arylpropanenitriles and Substituted Acetaldehydes
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An SeO2-mediated one-pot method was established for the synthesis of 3-cyanofurans from 3-oxo-3-arylpropanenitriles and substituted acetaldehydes. The generality of the reaction was explored, and a plausible mechanism is proposed.
- Zhou, Jie,Zhu, Xinhai,Huang, Manna,Wan, Yiqian
-
supporting information
p. 2317 - 2321
(2017/05/01)
-
- Biocatalytic Formal Anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination and Hydration of Aryl Alkenes
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Biocatalytic anti-Markovnikov alkene hydroamination and hydration were achieved based on two concepts involving enzyme cascades: epoxidation-isomerization-amination for hydroamination and epoxidation-isomerization-reduction for hydration. An Escherichia coli strain coexpressing styrene monooxygenase (SMO), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI), ω-transaminase (CvTA), and alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) catalyzed the hydroamination of 12 aryl alkenes to give the corresponding valuable terminal amines in high conversion (many ≥86%) and exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity (>99:1). Another E. coli strain coexpressing SMO, SOI, and phenylacetaldehyde reductase (PAR) catalyzed the hydration of 12 aryl alkenes to the corresponding useful terminal alcohols in high conversion (many ≥80%) and very high anti-Markovnikov selectivity (>99:1). Importantly, SOI was discovered for stereoselective isomerization of a chiral epoxide to a chiral aldehyde, providing some insights on enzymatic epoxide rearrangement. Harnessing this stereoselective rearrangement, highly enantioselective anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydration were demonstrated to convert α-methylstyrene to the corresponding (S)-amine and (S)-alcohol in 84-81% conversion with 97-92% ee, respectively. The biocatalytic anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydration of alkenes, utilizing cheap and nontoxic chemicals (O2, NH3, and glucose) and cells, provide an environmentally friendly, highly selective, and high-yielding synthesis of terminal amines and alcohols.
- Wu, Shuke,Liu, Ji,Li, Zhi
-
p. 5225 - 5233
(2017/08/17)
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- 3,3-DIFLUORO-PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES AS NR2B NMDA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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Disclosed are chemical entities of Formula (I): wherein X, Y, Z, R1, R3, R4 and R5 are defined herein, as NR2B subtype selective receptor antagonists. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a chemical entity of Formula (I), and methods of treating various diseases and disorders associated with NR2B antagonism, e.g., diseases and disorders of the CNS, such as depression, by administering a chemical entity of Formula (I).
- -
-
Paragraph 0197
(2016/09/22)
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- Maleimide-assisted anti-Markovnikov Wacker-type oxidation of vinylarenes using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant
-
Arylacetaldehydes were successfully synthesized by the anti-Markovnikov Wacker-type oxidation of vinylarenes using 1 atm O2 as a terminal oxidant under mild conditions. Electron-deficient alkenes, such as maleic anhydride and maleimides, were effective additives and would operate as ligands to stabilize the Pd(0) species during the reaction.
- Nakaoka, Sonoe,Murakami, Yuka,Kataoka, Yasutaka,Ura, Yasuyuki
-
supporting information
p. 335 - 338
(2016/01/09)
-
- DDQ-mediated Direct C(sp3)-H Cyanation of Benzyl Ethers and 1,3-Diarylpropenes under Solvent- and Metal-free Conditions
-
A direct cyanation of benzyl ethers and 1,3-diarylpropenes with TMSCN was performed under solvent- and metal-free conditions. This oxidative cross dehydrative coupling (CDC) reaction was promoted by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and provided rapid access to a broad range of nitriles in good to excellent yields.
- Kong, Shanshan,Zhang, Lingqiong,Dai, Xiaoli,Tao, Lianzhi,Xie, Chunsong,Shi, Lei,Wang, Min
-
supporting information
p. 2453 - 2456
(2015/08/18)
-
- Synthesis of 3-Arylpyridines via Palladium/Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of Allylamine/1,3-Propanediamine and Aldehydes
-
A novel and efficient method for the synthesis of 3-arylpyridines from allylamine/propanediamine and aldehydes by palladium/copper-catalyzed oxidative tandem cyclization has been developed. With this reaction, a series of desired 3-arylpyridines was synthesized in moderate yields via C-C/C-N bond formation and 6-endo/exo-trig cyclization.
- Yang, Xiaodong,Yang, Shenghua,Xiang, Likui,Pang, Xiaobo,Chen, Baohua,Huang, Guosheng,Yan, Rulong
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supporting information
p. 3732 - 3736
(2016/01/25)
-
- Hypoiodite-catalyzed regioselective oxidation of alkenes: An expeditious access to aldehydes in aqueous micellar media
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A highly anti-Markovnikov selective oxidation of alkenes based on in situ generated hypoiodite catalysis in aqueous micellar media under mild conditions has been described. This novel catalytic system realizes an efficient synthesis of aldehydes from alkenes in an economically viable and environmentally safe fashion. The preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds via tandem iodofunctionalization/1,2-aryl or alkyl migration. The scope and limitations of this tandem process are demonstrated with various mono- and disubstituted (terminal and internal) olefins.
- Swamy, Peraka,Reddy, Marri Mahender,Naresh, Mameda,Kumar, Macharla Arun,Srujana, Kodumuri,Durgaiah, Chevella,Narender, Nama
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p. 1125 - 1130
(2015/04/22)
-
- PYRIMIDINEDIONE COMPOUNDS AGAINST CARDIAC CONDITIONS
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Provided are novel pyrimidine dione compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and conditions associated with left ventricular hypertrophy or diastolic dysfunction. The synthesis and characterization of the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are described, as well as methods for treating HCM and other forms of heart disease.
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- Simplified 2-aminoquinoline-based scaffold for potent and selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition
-
Since high levels of nitric oxide (NO) are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and reduction of NO levels are therapeutically desirable. Nonetheless, many nNOS inhibitors mimic l-arginine and are poorly bioavailable. 2-Aminoquinoline-based scaffolds were designed with the hope that they could (a) mimic aminopyridines as potent, isoform-selective arginine isosteres and (b) possess chemical properties more conducive to oral bioavailability and CNS penetration. A series of these compounds was synthesized and assayed against purified nNOS enzymes, endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Several compounds built on a 7-substituted 2-aminoquinoline core are potent and isoform-selective; X-ray crystallography indicates that aminoquinolines exert inhibitory effects by mimicking substrate interactions with the conserved active site glutamate residue. The most potent and selective compounds, 7 and 15, were tested in a Caco-2 assay and showed good permeability and low efflux, suggesting high potential for oral bioavailability.
- Cinelli, Maris A.,Li, Huiying,Chreifi, Georges,Martásek, Pavel,Roman, Linda J.,Poulos, Thomas L.,Silverman, Richard B.
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p. 1513 - 1530
(2014/03/21)
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- ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY OF NOVEL BICYCLIC HETEROCYCLES
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The present invention relates to compound of formula I, II, III, or IV, and/or a pharmaceutical acceptable addition salt thereof and/or a stereoisomer thereof and/or a solvate thereof, Formulas (I), (II), (III) and (IV) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, and R12 are as defined in the claim 1 or as described in detail in the description of the invention, and to the use of said compounds to treat or prevent proliferative disorders and their use to manufacture a medicine to treat or prevent proliferative disorders, particularly cancer such as leukemia. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions of said compounds and the use of said pharmaceutical compositions to treat or prevent proliferative disorders. The present invention further relates to the use of said compounds as biologically active ingredients, more specifically as medicaments for the treatment of proliferative disorders and pathologic conditions such as, but not limited to, cancer such as leukemia.
- -
-
Paragraph 1251-1252
(2014/04/03)
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- Broad-spectrum catalysts for the ambient temperature anti-Markovnikov hydration of alkynes
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Anti-Markovnikov alkyne hydration provides a valuable route to aldehydes. Half-sandwich ruthenium complexes ligated by 5,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2, 2′-bipyridine are remarkably active for this transformation. In the presence of 2 mol % metal, a wide range of functionalized aliphatic and aromatic alkynes are hydrated in high yield at ambient temperature. Alkyne hydration: Half-sandwich ruthenium complexes derived from 5,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)- 2,2′-bipyridine show a high activity for the anti-Markovnikov hydration of terminal alkynes (see picture). A wide array of alkynes are efficiently hydrated to aldehydes using 2 mol % metal loadings at 25 °C within 8-24 h.
- Li, Le,Zeng, Mingshuo,Herzon, Seth B.
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supporting information
p. 7892 - 7895
(2014/08/05)
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- Catalysed anti-Markovnikov oxidation of terminal aryl alkenes to aldehydes and transformation of methyl aryl tertiary amines to formamides with H2O2 as a terminal oxidant
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Anti-Markovnikov oxidation of terminal aryl alkenes to aldehydes and transformation of N-methyl aryl tertiary amines to formamides with H2O2 as a terminal oxidant under mild conditions have been achieved with moderate to good product yields using [FeIII(TF4DMAP)OTf] as catalyst. This journal is
- Du, Yi-Dan,Tse, Chun-Wai,Xu, Zhen-Jiang,Liu, Yungen,Che, Chi-Ming
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supporting information
p. 12669 - 12672
(2015/05/20)
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- A continuous flow solution to achieving efficient aerobic anti-Markovnikov Wacker oxidation
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An aerobic anti-Markovnikov Wacker oxidation for the flow-synthesis of arylacetaldehydes is reported. In the process, flow chemistry techniques have provided a means to control and minimise the over-oxidation of sensitive products. The reaction showed general applicability to various functionalised styrenes and provided a process capable of a multi-gram scale. Copyright
- Bourne,Ley
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supporting information
p. 1905 - 1910
(2013/08/23)
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- Antiviral Activity of Novel Bicyclic Heterocycles
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The present invention relates to compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV, and/or a pharmaceutical acceptable addition salt thereof and/or a stereoisomer thereof and/or a solvate thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, and R12 are as defined in the claim 1 or as described in detail in the description of the invention, and to the use of said compounds to treat or prevent viral infections and their use to manufacture a medicine to treat or prevent viral infections, particularly infections with RNA-viruses belonging to the family of the Retroviridae, the family of the Flaviviridae and the family of the Picornaviridae and more preferably infections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV1), Human Immunodeficiency Virus 2 (HIV2), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Dengue virus, and enteroviruses like Coxsackievirus, Rhinovirus and Poliovirus. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions of said compounds and the use of said pharmaceutical compositions to treat or prevent viral infections. The present invention further relates to the use of said compounds as biologically active ingredients, more specifically as medicaments for the treatment of viral disorders and pathologic conditions such as, but not limited to, viral infections with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV1), Human Immunodeficiency Virus 2 (HIV2), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Dengue virus, and enteroviruses like Coxsackievirus, Rhinovirus and Poliovirus.
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Paragraph 1236; 1237
(2013/07/31)
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- Synthesis of alkenyl boronates from allyl-substituted aromatics using an olefin cross-metathesis protocol
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An efficient synthesis of 3-aryl-1-propenyl boronates from pinacol vinyl boronic ester and allyl-substituted aromatics by cross metathesis is reported. Although the allylbenzene derivatives are prone to isomerization reaction under metathesis conditions,
- Hemelaere, Remy,Carreaux, Francois,Carboni, Bertrand
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p. 6786 - 6792
(2013/07/26)
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- Biarylphosphonite gold(I) complexes as superior catalysts for oxidative cyclization of propynyl arenes into indan-2-ones
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Striking gold: A series of variously functionalized propynyl arenes was smoothly converted into indan-2-ones by a new gold(I)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization process. [LAu]NTf2 (Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl) is a superior catalyst both in terms of yield and kinetics for the present transformation. Copyright
- Henrion, Guilhem,Chavas, Thomas E. J.,Le Goff, Xavier,Gagosz, Fabien
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supporting information
p. 6277 - 6282
(2013/07/11)
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- The catalytic potential of Coptis japonica NCS2 revealed - Development and utilisation of a fluorescamine-based assay ETI
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The versatility and potential of a norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) from Coptis japonica NCS2 has been investigated, together with the development and application of a novel fluorescence-based high-throughput assay using nearly forty amines/aldehydes. The stereocontrol exerted by CjNCS2 on selected non-natural substrates has been determined, where the tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIAs) were formed as the (1S)-isomer in >95% ee, as observed with the natural product norcoclaurine. Docking calculations involving THIA mechanism intermediates, utilising the reported Thalictrum flavum NCS X-ray crystallographic structure, were carried out and combined with the CjNCS2 screening results to further understand the mode of action of NCS. These findings suggested that in addition to the key active-site residues K122 and E110, D141 is also mechanistically essential for the enzymatic transformation. The exceptional tolerance of NCS towards aldehyde substrates is furthermore supported by our proposed mechanism in which the aldehydes protrude out of the enzymatic pocket. Copyright
- Pesnot, Thomas,Gershater, Markus C.,Ward, John M.,Hailes, Helen C.
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supporting information
p. 2997 - 3008
(2013/01/15)
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- THIAZOLOPYRIMIDINE MODULATORS AS IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS
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The present invention relates to compound of formula I, II, III, or IV, and/or a pharmaceutical acceptable addition salt thereof and/or a stereoisomer thereof and/or a solvate thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, and R12 are as defined in the claim 1. The present invention also relates to a method for their preparation, as well as to pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The present invention further relates to the use of said compounds as biologically active ingredients, more specifically as medicaments for the treatment of disorders and pathologic conditions such as, but not limited to, immune and auto-immune disorders, organ and cells transplant rejections.
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Page/Page column 83
(2012/03/10)
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- Biocatalytic production of tetrahydroisoquinolines
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The promiscuity of the enzyme norcoclaurine synthase is described. This biocatalyst yielded a diverse array of substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by cyclizing dopamine with various acetaldehydes in a Pictet-Spengler reaction. This enzymatic reaction may provide a biocatalytic route to a range of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids.
- Ruff, Bettina M.,Br?se,O'Connor, Sarah E.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1071 - 1074
(2012/03/27)
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- Selective switchable iron-catalyzed hydrosilylation of carboxylic acids
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Selective reduction of carboxylic acids either to aldehydes or alcohols is achieved using a one pot procedure based on iron-catalyzed hydrosilylations. Using phenylsilane and (COD)Fe(CO)3 catalyst under UV-irradiation at rt, alcohols were obtained specifically in good yields, whereas aldehydes were selectively obtained using TMDS and (t-PBO)Fe(CO)3 catalyst under thermal activation.
- Misal Castro, Luis C.,Li, Haoquan,Sortais, Jean-Baptiste,Darcel, Christophe
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supporting information
p. 10514 - 10516,3
(2020/09/02)
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- An iron catalyzed regioselective oxidation of terminal alkenes to aldehydes
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Fe(BF4)2·6H2O with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and PhIO can efficiently catalyze the regioselective oxidation of terminal alkene derivatives to aldehydes under mild and benign reaction conditions.
- Chowdhury, Abhishek Dutta,Ray, Ritwika,Lahiri, Goutam Kumar
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5497 - 5499
(2012/07/01)
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- Discovery of 7- N -piperazinylthiazolo[5,4- d ]pyrimidine analogues as a novel class of immunosuppressive agents with in vivo biological activity
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Herein we describe the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo activity of thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines as a novel class of immunosuppressive agents, useful for preventing graft rejection after organ transplantation. This research resulted in the discovery of a series of compounds with potent activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay, which is well-known as the in vitro model for in vivo rejection after organ transplantation. The most potent congeners displayed IC50 values of less than 50 nM in this MLR assay and hence are equipotent to cyclosporin A, a clinically used immunosuppressive drug. One representative of this series was further evaluated in a preclinical animal model of organ transplantation and showed excellent in vivo efficacy. It validates these compounds as new promising immunosuppressive drugs.
- Jang, Mi-Yeon,Lin, Yuan,De Jonghe, Steven,Gao, Ling-Jie,Vanderhoydonck, Bart,Froeyen, Mathy,Rozenski, Jef,Herman, Jean,Louat, Thierry,Van Belle, Kristien,Waer, Mark,Herdewijn, Piet
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experimental part
p. 655 - 668
(2011/03/22)
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- Oxidation of styrene and of some derivatives with H2O 2 catalyzed by novel imidazolium-containing manganese porphyrins: A mechanistic and thermodynamic interpretation
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The oxidation of styrene and derivatives with H2O2 catalyzed by manganese porphyrins in acetonitrile is described. The effect of the imidazolium substituent on the catalytic efficiency has been also considered. The thermodynamic analysis has indicated that enthalpy rules styrene oxidation when catalysts Mn(Porph)-1 and Mn(Porph)-2 are used whereas the entropy is the driven force for Mn(Porph)-3 and Mn(Porph)-4 catalyzed reactions. Interestingly, an enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenon is observed when comparing the thermodynamic results obtained for catalysts Mn(Porph)-3 and Mn(Porph)-4. Hammett plots for the studied manganese porphyrins provided small ρ-values, and this is typical for multi-step reactions, indicating that there is no significant charge separation in the transition state. For Mn(Porph)-1 and Mn(Porph)-2 the formation of multiple active species can be put forward whereas for Mn(Porph)-3 and Mn(Porph)-4 a concerted-type mechanism, via metalloxetane intermediate, fits well with the values obtained for those catalysts. The imidazolium-based catalysts have shown to be efficient catalysts in styrene and derivatives oxidation with hydrogen peroxide.
- De Paula, Rodrigo,Sim?es, Mário M.Q.,Neves, M. Graa P.M.S.,Cavaleiro, José A.S.
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experimental part
p. 1 - 11
(2011/10/05)
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- Selective oxidation of terminal aryl and aliphatic alkenes to aldehydes catalyzed by iron(iii) porphyrins with triflate as a counter anion
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[Fe(Por)CF3SO3] (Por = porphyrin dianion) can efficiently catalyze selective oxidation of terminal aryl alkenes and aliphatic alkenes to aldehydes in good to high yields under mild conditions.
- Chen, Guo-Qiang,Xu, Zhen-Jiang,Zhou, Cong-Ying,Che, Chi-Ming
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 10963 - 10965
(2011/11/06)
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- Synthesis, immunosuppressive activity and structure-activity relationship study of a new series of 4-N-piperazinyl-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine analogues
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The synthesis of a new series of 4-N-piperazinyl-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines is described. The synthetic route allows introducing structural variety at positions 2, 4 and 6 of the scaffold. Evaluation of their immunosuppressive activity in a Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction (MLR) assay revealed that the most potent compound has an IC50-value of 66 nM and therefore deserves attention for further medicinal chemistry optimization.
- Jang, Mi-Yeon,Jonghe, Steven De,Belle, Kristien Van,Louat, Thierry,Waer, Mark,Herdewijn, Piet
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body text
p. 844 - 847
(2010/09/15)
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- Discovery of highly potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by fragment hopping
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Selective inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been shown to prevent brain injury and is important for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. This study shows that not only greater inhibitory potency and isozyme selectivity but more druglike properties can be achieved by fragment hopping. On the basis of the structure of lead molecule 6, fragment hopping effectively extracted the minimal pharmacophoric elements in the active site of nNOS for ligand hydrophobic and steric interactions and generated appropriate lipophilic fragments for lead optimization. More potent and selective inhibitors with better druglike properties were obtained within the design of 20 derivatives (compounds 7-26). Our structure - based inhibitor design for nNOS and SAR analysis reveal the robustness and efficiency of fragment hopping in lead discovery and structural optimization, which implicates a broad application of this approach to many other therapeutic targets for which known druglike small-molecule modulators are still limited.
- Ji, Haitao,Li, Huiying,Martásek, Pavel,Roman, Linda J.,Poulos, Thomas L.,Silverman, Richard B.
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experimental part
p. 779 - 797
(2009/12/07)
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- The scope of the Heck arylation of enol ethers with arenediazonium salts: a new approach to the synthesis of flavonoids
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The scope of the Heck arylation of cyclic and acyclic enol ethers with arenediazonium salts was evaluated. Arylation of 2,3-dihydrofuran yielded 2-aryl-2,5-dihydrofurans as the major adducts (>99:1) except when using n-Bu4NHSO4 as ad
- Machado, Angelo H.L.,de Sousa, Marcio A.,Patto, Daniela C.S.,Azevedo, Luiz F.S.,Bombonato, Fernanda I.,Correia, Carlos Roque D.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1222 - 1225
(2009/05/31)
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- HYDROXAMATE-BASED INHIBITORS OF DEACETYLASES B
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The present teachings relate to compounds of Formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, esters, and prodrugs thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, Y, Z, and are as defined herein. The present teachings also provide methods of preparing compounds of Formula I and methods of using compounds of Formula I in treating, inhibiting, or preventing pathologic conditions or disorders mediated wholly or in part by deacetylases.
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Page/Page column 48
(2009/10/06)
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- INHIBITORS OF JANUS KINASES
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The instant invention provides for compounds that inhibit the four known mammalian JAK kinases (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2) and PDK1. The invention also provides for compositions comprising such inhibitory compounds and methods of inhibiting the activity of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2 and PDK1 by administering the compound to a patient in need of treatment for myeloproliferative disorders or cancer.
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Page/Page column 44
(2010/01/12)
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- Stabilization of ketone and aldehyde enols by formation of hydrogen bonds to phosphazene enolates and their aldol products
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Solution properties of enolates generated using the phosphazene (Schwesinger) base P4-tBu were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. With a full equivalent of base the benzyl ketones 1a and 1b, the acetophenone 2, the arylacetaldehyde 1c, and the methyl arylacetate 1d formed the expected "naked" (P4H+) enolates 3 and 7. However, at a half-equivalent of base the ketones 1a and 1b as well as the aldehyde 1c formed solutions of stable hydrogen-bonded dimeric (enol-enolate) structures (4). The acetophenone 2, on the other hand, forms only traces of the H-bonded dimer 8 during deprotonation of 2. The thermodynamic product was the isomeric self-aldol condensation product 12. The mechanism of this condensation was elucidated by low temperature rapid-injection (RI) NMR spectroscopy. Solutions of 8 stable enough for NMR characterization could be transiently generated by semiprotonation of the enolate 7 with HCl·OEt2 at -130 °C using RINMR. The ester enolate 1d gave no trace of 4d even on a time scale as short as a few seconds at -130 °C either during the semideprotonation of 1d, or during semiprotonation of the enolate 3d. Long-lived solutions of the enols derived from 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2 (but not 1d) could be produced by full protonation of the phosphazene enolates with HCl·OEt2 at low temperature. Copyright
- Kolonko, Kristopher J.,Reich, Hans J.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 9668 - 9669
(2009/02/04)
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- The mechanism for the rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylation of aldehydes: A combined experimental and theoretical study
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The mechanism for the rhodium-catalyzed decarbonylation of aldehydes was investigated by experimental techniques (Hammett studies and kinetic isotope effects) and extended by a computational study (DFT calculations). For both benzaldehyde and phenyl acetaldehyde derivatives, linear Hammett plots were obtained with positive slopes of +0.79 and +0.43, respectively, which indicate a buildup of negative charge in the selectivity-determining step. The kinetic isotope effects were similar for these substrates (1.73 and 1.77 for benzaldehyde and phenyl acetaldehyde, respectively), indicating that similar mechanisms are operating. A DFT (B3LYP) study of the catalytic cycle indicated a rapid oxidative addition into the C(O)-H bond followed by a rate-limiting extrusion of CO and reductive elimination. The theoretical kinetic isotope effects based on this mechanism were in excellent agreement with the experimental values for both substrates, but only when migratory extrusion of CO was selected as the rate-determining step.
- Fristrup, Peter,Kreis, Michael,Palmelund, Anders,Norrby, Per-Ola,Madsen, Robert
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p. 5206 - 5215
(2008/12/22)
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