- Synthesis of 6- and 9-ethyloctadecanoic acids
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Specific branched fatty acids are of great interest in the search for a new type of drug penetration enhancers across human skin for transdermal drug delivery and in gaining an understanding of structure-activity relationships with skin lipids. A convenient synthesis has therefore been developed especially for ethyloctadecanoic acids. The successful syntheses of 6- and 9-ethyloctadecanoic acids are reported here.
- Dragas, Dario,Tanojo, Hanafi,Brussee, Johannes,Junginger, Hans E.,Bodde, Harry E.
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Read Online
- Structural and Functional Analysis of Bacterial Sulfonosphingolipids and Rosette-Inducing Factor 2 (RIF-2) by Mass Spectrometry-Guided Isolation and Total Synthesis
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We have analyzed the abundance of bacterial sulfonosphingolipids, including rosette-inducing factors (RIFs), in seven bacterial prey strains by using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS2) and molecular networking (MN) within the Glob
- Beemelmanns, Christine,Jautzus, Theresa,King, Nicole,Leichnitz, Daniel,Peng, Chia-Chi,Ragu?, Luka,Regestein, Lars,Rutaganira, Florentine U. N.
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supporting information
(2022/01/04)
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- Characterization of the molecular packing, thermotropic phase behaviour and critical micellar concentration of a homologous series of N-acyltaurines (n = 9–18). PXRD, DSC and fluorescence spectroscopic studies
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N-acyltaurines (NATs) are amides of fatty acids that can be structurally related to endocannabinoids. They show interesting physiological and pharmacological properties. We have synthesized a homologous series of NATs with saturated acyl chains (n = 9–18) and investigated their supramolecular structure and thermotropic phase transitions by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The d-spacings obtained from PXRD increase linearly with chain length with an increment of ~0.847 ? per additional CH2 moiety suggesting that NATs adopt a tilted bilayer structure with similar packing in crystal lattice. Results obtained from DSC studies indicate that the endothermic transition temperature (Tt) of NATs showed a gradually increasing trend with increasing acyl chain length. The enthalpy (ΔHt) and entropy (ΔSt) of transition show odd-even alternations with odd-chain compounds having higher values than the even-chain compounds. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of NATs was determined in water at room temperature by fluorescence spectroscopy by monitoring the spectral changes of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS). The CMCs of NATs were found to decrease with increase in acyl chain length. The present results provide a thermodynamic and structural basis for investigating the interaction of NATs with other membrane lipids and proteins, which in turn can shed light in understanding how they function in vivo (in biological membranes).
- Arul Prakash, Sukanya,Kamlekar, Ravi Kanth
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- SUGAR FATTY ACID ESTER AND OIL GELLING AGENT
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compound that can gel various oils. SOLUTION: The present invention provides a compound containing 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol fatty acid ester, represented by formula (1), or 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol fatty acid ester, and a gelling agent containing the compound. (R1 independently represent an acyl group derived from a C10, 11 or 13-22 linear saturated fatty acid). SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2019,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0029; 0033; 0045
(2019/07/29)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of unnatural (2S, 3S)-6-hydroxy-4-sphingenine-containing sphingolipids
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6-Hydroxy-(4E)-sphingenine-containing sphingolipids are found in mammalian and bacterial membranes and have multiple intra- and intercellular functions. Most sphingolipids contain a (2S,3R)-2-amino-1,3-diol core structure, but only limited examples of unnatural (2S,3S)-2-amino-1,3-diol derivates have so far been reported. Using an underexplored hydrozirconation-transmetalation reaction and an unusual three-step-one-pot deprotection sequence, we were able to synthesize several unnatural (2S,3S)-6-hydroxy-(4E)-sphingenine-containing sphingolipids in only three (protected) or four (deprotected) consecutive steps, respectively, including a fluoresence-labeled derivative suitable for future biological studies.
- Leichnitz, Daniel,Pflanze, Sebastian,Beemelmanns, Christine
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supporting information
p. 6964 - 6969
(2019/08/01)
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- Mesogenic 3,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine alkanoate esters
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A novel series of 3,6-bis(4-hdroxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine alkanoate esters were synthesized and their mesogenic properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The impact of changing the tail-core linkage from alkyl or alkoxy to ester is profound. Compared to the alkyl or alkoxy linkages, the ester linkage reduced mesogenic properties. Short-tailed compounds are non mesogenic (4a-4e), while long-tailed compounds (4f-4r) exhibit nematic phases. Unlike the alkyl or alkoxy tail series, none of the 18 presented esters in this series exhibits a smectic phase.
- Fouad, Farid,Khabouchi, Faycal,Nielsen, Alek,Twieg, Robert
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- Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and in silico studies on thymol esters
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Derivatisation of parent structure in terpenoids often results in enhancement of biological activity of newly obtained compounds. Thymol, a naturally occurring phenol biosynthesized through the terpene pathway, is a well known biocide with strong antimicrobial attributes and diverse therapeutic activities. We have aimed our study on a single modification of phenolic functionality in thymol in order to obtain a small focused library of twenty thymyl esters, ten of which were new compounds. All compounds were involved in in vitro antimicrobial testing. Another important aspect of current study was implementation of in silico calculation of physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties, which could be helpful by giving an additional guidance in further research.
- Lazarevi?, Jelena,Kolarevi?, Ana,Dordevi?, Aleksandra,Stojanovi?, Gordana,?melcerovi?, Andrija,Ciuffreda, Pierangela,Santaniello, Enzo
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p. 603 - 612
(2017/09/11)
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- Structure, supramolecular organization and phase behavior of N-acyl-β-alanines: Structural homologues of mammalian brain constituents N-acylglycine and N-acyl-GABA
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N-Acyl-β-alanines (NABAs) are structural homologues of N-acylglycines (NAGs) and N-acyl-γ-aminobutyric acids (NAGABAs), and achiral isomers of N-acylalanines, which are all present in mammalian brain and other tissues and modulate activity of biological receptors with various functions. In the present study, we synthesized and characterized a homologous series of NABAs bearing saturated acyl chains (n = 8-20) and investigated their supramolecular organization and thermotropic phase behavior. In differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies, most of the NABAs gave one or two minor transitions before the main chain-melting phase transition in the dry state as well as upon hydration with water, but gave only a single transition when hydrated with buffer (pH 7.6). Transition enthalpies (ΔHt) and entropies (ΔSt), obtained from the DSC studies showed linear dependence on the chain length in the dry state and upon hydration with buffer, whereas odd-even alteration was observed when hydrated with water. The crystal structures of N-lauroyl-β-alanine (NLBA) and N-myristoyl-β-alanine (NMBA) were solved in monoclinic system in the P21/c space group. Both NLBA and NMBA were packed in tilted bilayers with head-to-head (and tail-to-tail) arrangement with tilt angles of 33.28° and 34.42°, respectively. Strong hydrogen bonding interactions between [sbnd]COOH groups of the molecules from opposite leaflets as well as N[sbnd]H?O hydrogen bonds between the amide groups from adjacent molecules in the same leaflet as well as dispersion interactions between the acyl chains stabilize the bilayer structure. The d-spacings calculated from powder X-ray diffraction studies showed odd-even alteration with odd-chain length compounds exhibiting higher values as compared to the even-chain length ones and the tilt angles calculated from the PXRD data are higher for the even chain NABAs. These observations are relevant to developing structure-activity relationships for these amphiphiles and understand how NABAs differ from their homologues and isomers, namely NAGs, NAGABAs, and N-acylalanines.
- Sivaramakrishna,Swamy, Musti J.
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- Synthesis of 6-Hydroxysphingosine and α-Hydroxy Ceramide Using a Cross-Metathesis Strategy
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(Chemical Equation Presented) In this paper, a new synthetic route toward 6-hydroxysphingosine and α-hydroxy ceramide is described. The synthesis employs a cross-metathesis to unite a sphingosine head allylic alcohol with a long-chain fatty acid alkene that also bears an allylic alcohol group. To allow for a productive CM coupling, the sphingosine head allylic alcohol was protected with a cyclic carbonate moiety and a reactive CM catalyst system, consisting of Grubbs II catalyst and CuI, was employed.
- Wisse, Patrick,De Geus, Mark A. R.,Cross, Gen,Van Den Nieuwendijk, Adrianus M. C. H.,Van Rooden, Eva J.,Van Den Berg, Richard J. B. H. N.,Aerts, Johannes M. F. G.,Van Der Marel, Gijsbert A.,Codée, Jeroen D. C.,Overkleeft, Herman S.
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p. 7258 - 7265
(2015/07/27)
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- An LC-MS/MS method to quantify acylcarnitine species including isomeric and odd-numbered forms in plasma and tissues
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Acylcarnitines are intermediates of fatty acid and amino acid oxidation found in tissues and body fluids. They are important diagnostic markers for inherited diseases of peroxisomal and mitochondrial oxidation processes and were recently described as biomarkers of complex diseases like the metabolic syndrome. Quantification of acylcarnitine species can become challenging because various species occur as isomers and/or have very low concentrations. Here we describe a new LC-MS/MS method for quantification of 56 acylcarnitine species with acyl-chain lengths from C2 to C18. Our method includes amino acid-derived positional isomers, like methacrylyl-carnitine (2-M-C3:1-CN) and crotonyl-carnitine (C4:1-CN), and odd-numbered carbon species, like pentadecanoyl-carnitine (C15:0-CN) and heptadecanoyl-carnitine (C17:0-CN), occurring at very low concentrations in plasma and tissues. Method validation in plasma and liver samples showed high sensitivity and excellent accuracy and precision. In an application to samples from streptozotocin-treated diabetic mice, we identified significantly increased concentrations of acylcarnitines derived from branched-chain amino acid degradation and of odd-numbered straight-chain species, recently proposed as potential biomarkers for the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, the LC-MS/MS method presented here allows robust quantification of isomeric acylcarnitine species and extends the palette of acylcarnitines with diagnostic potential derived from fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
- Giesbertz, Pieter,Ecker, Josef,Haag, Alexander,Spanier, Britta,Daniel, Hannelore
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p. 2029 - 2039
(2015/11/17)
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- Differential scanning calorimetric and powder X-ray diffraction studies on a homologous series of N-acyl-L-alanine esters with matched chains (n = 9-18)
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A homologous series of two chain derivatives of L-alanine, namely N-acyl L-alanine alkyl esters (NAAEs), bearing matched, saturated, acyl and alkyl chains (n= 9-18) have been synthesized. The thermotropic phase transitions and supramolecular structure of NAAEs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Results obtained from DSC studies indicate that the transition temperatures (T t), enthalpies (ΔH t) and entropies (ΔS t) exhibit odd-even alternation with compounds bearing odd acyl and alkyl chains showing higher values of T t, ΔH t and ΔS t as compared to NAAEs with even acyl and alkyl chains. However, the transition enthalpies and entropies of the odd- and even chain length series independently exhibit a linear dependence on the chain length. The d-spacings obtained from PXRD increase linearly with chain length with an increment of 1.76 ?/CH 2, suggesting that NAAEs adopt either a tilted bilayer structure or a bent structure. The present results provide a thermodynamic and structural basis for investigating the interaction of NAAEs with other membrane lipids, which in turn can shed light in understanding how they can enhance the transdermal permeability of stratum corneum.
- Sivaramakrishna,Swamy, Musti J.
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p. 1627 - 1635
(2015/12/01)
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- Structure and thermotropic phase behavior of a homologous series of n -Acylglycines: Neuroactive and antinociceptive constituents of biomembranes
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N-Acylglycines (NAGs) with different acyl chains have been found in the mammalian brain and other tissues. They exhibit significant biological and pharmacological properties and appear to play important roles in communication and signaling pathways within and between cells. In view of this, a homologous series of NAGs have been synthesized and characterized in the present study. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) studies show that the transition enthalpies and entropies of dry as well as hydrated NAGs exhibit a linear dependence on the acyl chain length. Most of the NAGs show a minor transition below the chain-melting phase transition, suggesting the presence of polymorphism in the solid state. Structures of N-myristoylglycine (NMG) and N-palmitoylglycine (NPG) were solved in monoclinic system with C2/c and P21 space groups, respectively. Analysis of the crystal structures show that NAGs are organized in a bilayer fashion, with head-to-head (and tail-to-tail) arrangement of molecules. The acyl chains in both structures are essentially perpendicular to the bilayer plane, which is consistent with a lack of odd-even alternation in the thermodynamic properties. The bilayer is stabilized by strong hydrogen bonding interactions between COOH groups of the molecules from opposite leaflets as well as N-H···O hydrogen bonds between the amide groups of adjacent molecules in the same leaflet and dispersion interactions among the acyl chains. Powder X-ray diffraction data show that the d-spacings for the NAGs with different acyl chains (n = 8-20) exhibit a linear dependence on the chain length, suggesting that all the NAGs investigated here adopt a similar packing arrangement in the crystal lattice. These observations are relevant for understanding the role of N-acylglycines in biological membranes.
- Reddy, S. Thirupathi,Krovi, Krishna Prasad,Swamy, Musti J.
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p. 4944 - 4954
(2014/12/10)
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- Anti-influenza active and low toxic N-phenyl-substituted β-amidoamidines structurally related to natural antibiotic amidinomycin
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A set of racemic N-phenyl-substituted β-amidoamidines hydrochlorides 4, which are structurally related to natural antiviral agent amidinomycin (1), was synthesized in four steps starting from methacryloyl anilide (5). In the final step of the synthetic route, an uncommon monoacylation of β-aminoamidine 8 at the less reactive β-phenylamino-group took place. To rationalize this result, a mechanism which involves initial acylation at the more active amidine-function followed by intramolecular acyl-group transfer to β-phenylamino-group was suggested. All three β-amidoamidines 4d-f bearing long linear aliphatic chain (from n-C8H17 to n-C12H25) revealed significant in vitro activity against influenza A virus (H3N2) and modest cytotoxicity. The in vitro antiviral potency of 4d,e is 6-20 times greater than that of commercial rimantadine with lower EC50 values and higher therapeutic index. The non-toxic in vivo compounds 4d-f showed a beneficial protective effect in influenza A (H3N2) infected mice.
- Korshin, Edward E.,Zakharova, Lyubov G.,Levin, Yakov A.,Shulaeva, Marina P.,Pozdeev, Oskar K.
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supporting information
p. 2357 - 2361
(2013/05/09)
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- INDOLE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
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The invention relates to a compound of the following formula (I), or to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or to a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers at any proportions, where: X1 is a CH2 or C═O group; X2 is a linear saturated or unsaturated carbohydrate chain with 8 to 24 carbon atoms; R1 is a hydrogen atom or an OH or (C1-C6)alkoxy group such as methoxy; and R2 is a CH3 or CH2OR3 group, with R3 being a hydrogen atom or a (C1-C6)alkyl, CO—(C1-C6)alkyl or NH—(C1-C6)alkyl group. The invention also relates to the use of said compound as a drug, in particular for treating neurodegenerative diseases, and to a method for preparing same.
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Page/Page column 7
(2012/01/13)
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- Carbohydrate liquid crystals: Synthesis and characterisation of the methyl-6-O-(n-acyl)-α-D-glucopyranosides
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Seven members of the methyl-6-O-(n-acyl)-α-d-glucopyranosides have been synthesised and their transitional properties determined. The undecanoyl and octadecanoyl members do not exhibit liquid crystallinity while the members having chain lengths between dodecanoyl and hexadecanoyl exhibit a monotropic smectic A phase. Variable temperature infrared spectroscopy reveals that the hydrogen bonding within the system shows a marked change at the melting point but apparently no change at the smectic A-isotropic transition. This observation is interpreted in terms of Goodby's model for the smectic A phase in which the carbohydrate moieties are located at the centre of the smectic bilayer and assuming that hydrogen bonded aggregates persist into the isotropic phase. Within this framework, the unusually low values of the entropy change associated with the smectic A-isotropic transition may also be accounted for.
- Cook, Andrew G.,Wardell, James L.,Imrie, Corrie T.
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scheme or table
p. 118 - 124
(2012/03/10)
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- Synthesis, insecticidal evaluation of novel 1,3,4-thiadiazole chrysanthemamide derivatives formed by an EDCI/HOBt condensation
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A series of novel pesticides with two components derived from a 1,3,4-thiadiazole and chrysanthemic acid were synthesised via an EDCI/HOBt condensation. These 1,3,4-thiadiazole chrysanthemamides were identified by IR, 1H NMR and elemental analyses. Their insecticidal activity was also evaluated.
- Yu, Peng,Hu, Jun,Zhou, Tao-Yu,Wang, Peng,Xu, Yan-Hua
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experimental part
p. 703 - 706
(2012/03/10)
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- Tryptamine-derived alkaloids from Annonaceae exerting neurotrophin-like properties on primary dopaminergic neurons
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N-fatty acyl tryptamines constitute a scarce group of natural compounds mainly encountered in Annonaceous plants. No biological activity was reported so far for these rare molecules. This study investigated the neurotrophic properties of these natural tryptaminic derivatives on dopaminergic (DA) neurons in primary mesencephalic cultures. A structure-activity relationships study led us to precise the role of a nitrogen atom into the aliphatic chain conferring to the compounds a combined neuroprotective and neuritogenic activity in the nanomolar range. The potent antioxidant activity of these natural products seems to be involved in part of their mechanism of action. This study provides the first description of natural neurotrophin mimetics present in Annonaceae extracts, and led to the biological characterization of compounds, which present a potential interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
- Schmidt, Fanny,Douaron, Gael Le,Champy, Pierre,Amar, Majid,Seon-Meniel, Blandine,Raisman-Vozari, Rita,Figadere, Bruno
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experimental part
p. 5103 - 5113
(2010/09/11)
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- Synthesis, calorimetric studies, and crystal structures of N, O-diacylethanolamines with matched chains
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Recent studies show that N-, O -diacylethanolamines (DAEs) can be derived by the O -acylation of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) under physiological conditions. Because the content of NAEs in a variety of organisms increases in response to stress, it is likely that DAEs may also be present in biomembranes. In view of this, a homologous series of DAEs with matched acyl chains (n = 10-20) have been synthesized and characterized. Transition enthalpies and entropies obtained from differential scanning calorimetry show that dry DAEs with even and odd acyl chains independently exhibit linear dependence on the chainlength. Linear least-squares analyses yielded incremental values contributed by each methylene group to the transition enthalpy and entropy and the corresponding end contributions. N-, O-Didecanoylethanolamine (DDEA), N-, O-dilauroylethanolamine (DLEA), and N-, O-dimyristoylethanolamine (DMEA) crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pbc21 with four symmetry-related molecules in the unit cell. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies show that DDEA, DLEA, and DMEA are isostructural and adopt an L-shaped structure with the N-acyl chain and the central ethanolamine moiety being essentially identical to the structure of N-acylethanolamines, whereas the O-acyl chain is linear with all-trans conformation. In all three DAEs, the lipid molecules are organized in a bilayer fashion wherein the N-acyl and O-acyl chains from adjacent layers oppose each other. Copyright
- Kamlekar, Ravi Kanth,Tarafdar, Pradip K.,Swamy, Musti J.
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body text
p. 42 - 52
(2010/11/04)
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- Application of hansch's model to capsaicinoids and capsinoids: A study using the quantitative structure-activity relationship. A novel method for the synthesis of capsinoids
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We describe a synthetic approach for two families of compounds, the capsaicinoids and capsinoids, as part of a study of the quantitative relationship between structure and activity. A total of 14 capsaicinoids of increasing lateral chain lengths, from 2 to 16 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In addition, 14 capsinoids with identical lateral chains, as well as capsiate and dihydrocapsiate, have been synthesized, and a new method for the synthesis of these compounds has been developed. The yields range from 48.35 to 98.98%. It has been found that the synthetic capsaicinoids and capsinoids present a lipophilia similar to those of the natural compounds and present similar biological activity. The bioactivity of the synthetic capsaicinoids and capsinoids decreases proportionally to the degree of difference in lipophilia (higher or lower) compared to the natural compounds. Biological activity was determined using the etiolated wheat (Triticum aestlvum L.) coleoptiles bioassay and by comparing results of the synthesis with those presented by their counterpart natural compounds. The bioactivities found correlated directly to the lipophilic properties of the synthesized compounds.
- Barbero, Gerardo F.,Molinillo, Jose M. G.,Varela, Rosa M.,Palma, Miguel,MacIas, Francisco A.,Barroso, Carmelo G.
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experimental part
p. 3342 - 3349
(2011/07/30)
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- Synthesis and transdermal permeation-enhancing activity of carbonate and carbamate analogs of Transkarbam 12
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Transkarbam 12 (5-(dodecyloxycarbonyl)pentylammonium-5-(dodecyloxycarbonyl)pentylcarbamate, T12) is a highly effective skin permeation enhancer. In this study, ester groups in the molecule of T12 were replaced by carbonate and carbamate ones, respectively. The in vitro permeation-enhancing activities were evaluated using porcine skin and compared with those of T12 and previously prepared series of amide, ketone, and alkyl analogs. According to the activities and behavior of the compounds in donor samples, ester group is essential for the activity of T12; its replacement not only decreases the enhancing potency, but is likely to change the mechanism of action.
- Holas, Tomas,Vavrova, Katerina,Sima, Martin,Klimentova, Jana,Hrabalek, Alexandr
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p. 7671 - 7680
(2007/10/03)
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- Lipophilic pyrylium salts in the synthesis of efficient pyridinium-based cationic lipids, gemini surfactants, and lipophilic oligomers for gene delivery
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Several new classes of pyridinium cationic lipids were synthesized and tested as gene delivery agents. They were obtained through a procedure that generates simultaneously the heterocyclic ring and the positively charged nitrogen atom, using lipophilic pyrylium salts as key intermediates that react with primary amines, yielding pyridinium salts. The choice of the appropriately substituted primary amine, diamine or polyamine, allows the design of the shape of the final lipids, gemini surfactants, or lipophilic polycations. We report also a comprehensive structure-activity relationship study that identified the most efficient structural variables at the levels of the hydrophobic anchor, linker, and counterion for these classes of pyridinium cationic lipids. This study was also aimed at finding the best liposomal formulation for the new transfection agents.
- Ilies, Marc Antoniu,Seitz, William A.,Johnson, Betty H.,Ezell, Edward L.,Miller, Aaron L.,Thompson, E. Brad,Balaban, Alexandru T.
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p. 3872 - 3887
(2007/10/03)
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- Optimization of benzoxazinones as natural herbicide models by lipophilicity enhancement
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Benzoxazinones are plant allelochemicals well-known for their phytotoxic activity and for taking part in the defense strategies of Gramineae, Ranunculaceae, and Scrophulariceae plants. These properties, in addition to the recently optimized methodologies for their large-scale isolation and synthesis, have made some derivatives of natural products, 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4- benzoxazin-3-(4H)-one (DIBOA) and its 7-methoxy analogue (DIMBOA), successful templates in the search for natural herbicide models. These new chemicals should be part of integrated methodologies for weed control. In ongoing research about the structure-activity relationships of benzoxazinones and the structural requirements for their phytotoxicity enhancement and after characterization of the optimal structural features, a new generation of chemicals with enhanced lipophilicity was developed. They were tested on selected standard target species and weeds in the search for the optimal aqueous solubility-lipophilicity rate for phytotoxicity. This physical parameter is known to be crucial in modern drug and agrochemical design strategies. The new compounds obtained in this way had interesting phytotoxicity profiles, empowering the phytotoxic effect of the starting benzoxazinone template in some cases. Quantitative structure-activity relationships were obtained by bioactivity-molecular parameters correlations. Because optimal lipophilicity values for phytotoxicity vary with the tested plant, these new derivatives constitute a more selective way to take advantage of benzoxazinone phytotoxic capabilities.
- Macias, Francisco A.,Marin, David,Oliveros-Bastidas, Alberto,Molinillo, Jose M. G.
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p. 9357 - 9365
(2007/10/03)
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- New esters of vanillin and vanillal with some alkane- and arenecarboxylic acids
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Previously unknown esters were synthesized by the reaction of vanillin and vanillal with carboxylic acid chlorides. Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
- Dikusar
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p. 1035 - 1037
(2008/02/05)
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- Synthesis of esters of D, L-, D(+)-, and L(-)-camphor oximes: Structure-odor correlation
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Esters of D,L-, D(+)-, and L(-)-camphor oximes were synthesized, and the correlation between their structure and odor was examined.
- Dikusar,Zhukovskaya,Vyglazov
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p. 1982 - 1985
(2008/02/08)
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- Preparative synthesis of vanillin and vanillal alkanoates
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Procedures for preparing vanillin and vanillal alkanoates were developed.
- Dikusar,Vyglazov,Moiseichuk,Zhukovskaya,Kozlov
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p. 120 - 124
(2007/10/03)
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- Vanillin esters of aliphatic acids in the synthesis of 4,7-phenanthroline derivatives
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Condensation of vanillin esters of aliphatic acids with 6-aminoquinoline and cyclic c-diketones (1,3-cyclohexanedione and dimedone) afforded new 2-methoxy-4-(11-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[b][4,7]phenanthrolin-12-yl) phenyl esters of carboxylic acids.
- Kozlov,Gusak,Tereshko,Dikusar
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p. 705 - 710
(2007/10/03)
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- Reaction of long-chain vanillyl esters with ch-acids and 2-naphthylamine
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The previously unknown4-(alkyl-11-oxo-7,8,9,10,11,12-hexahydrobenzo[a] acridin-12-yl)-and4-(alkyl-1,8-dioxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-xanthen-9-yl) -2-methoxyphenyl esters of aliphatic (C5-C7, C 12) carboxylic acids were synthesizedvia cascade heterocyclization of cyclohexane-1,3-dione and dimedone with 2-naphthylamine and long-chain vanillyl esters.
- Kozlov,Basalaeva,Dikusar
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- Electrophilic selenocyclization in 2-ene-1,5-diol systems: Unexpected oxetane vs. tetrahydrofuran formation
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Electrophile-induced cyclization of (E)- and (Z)-2-ene-1,5-diols to tetrahydrofurans and oxetanes is described. Significant differences between the present report and previous work have been noted. A tentative model is proposed.
- Van De Weghe, Pierre,Bourg, Stéphane,Eustache, Jacques
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p. 7365 - 7376
(2007/10/03)
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- Cosmetics and N-acylamino acid composition
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There are disclosed cosmetics which comprise N-acylamino acids containing acyl groups having specifically numbered carbon atoms, or derivatives thereof and which are well suited for hair growth, skin care and the like; N-acylamino acid compositions which are favorably usable for detergents, dispersants, emulsifying agents, antimicrobial drugs, antiseptics, ultraviolet absorbers and the like. The invention provides cosmetics which comprise N-acylamino acids containing acyl groups having odd-numbered carbon atoms, salts thereof or esters thereof; N-acylamino acid compositions; and further N-acylamino acids containing acyl groups having carbon atoms in an odd number in the range of 13 to 17 along with salts and esters thereof.
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- Structure-activity relationship studies of the amide functionality in (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-alkanoyl tyramines as estrone sulfatase inhibitors
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Recently, we reported the synthesis and biochemical studies of a series of (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-alkanoyl tyramines as nonsteroidal estrone sulfatase inhibitors. One of the most potent inhibitors in this series is (p-O- sulfamoyl)-N-tridecanoyl tyramine 1 with an IC50 value of 61.3 nM. In this study, we synthesized four analogs of 1 (compounds 2-5) to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the amide functionality in (p-O- sulfamoyl)-N-tridecanoyl tyramine. Replacement of the amide functionality in 1 with an ethylene moiety to form the alkyl analog 5 resulted in complete loss of sulfatase inhibitory activity (IC50 of 61.3 nM vs. >20 μM). The keto, hydroxy, and ester analogs (inhibitors 2-4) are 8-15 times less in affinity to the sulfatase than inhibitor 1. However, their inhibitory activities are significantly higher than the alkyl analog 5. The results suggest that the amide functionality is favorable for sulfatase inhibitory activity and that there may be a hydrogen bonding component to the enzyme interaction in this region.
- Chu, Guo-Hua,Milano, Shawn,Kluth, Lisa,Rhodes, Michael,Boni, Riccardo,Johnson, David A.,Li, Pui-Kai
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p. 530 - 535
(2007/10/03)
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- LIQUID CRYSTALS SHOWING A MOLECULAR REARRANGEMENT: A DYNAMIC NMR STUDY OF A 2-ACYLOXYTROPONE MESOGEN AND TWO RELATED COMPOUNDS
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The sigmatropic rearrangement has been studied by Dynamic NMR spectroscopy for two 2-acyloxytropone mesogens and for 2-acetyloxytropone.The proton spectra of the compounds in CDCl3 have been recorded in the range 213-328 K and the rate constants for the dynamic process determined by line-shape analysis.Evidences of the same rearrangement were found in the 2H NMR spectra of the three molecules in the nematic phase E63 between 293 and 350 K.Values of the rate constants were yielded also by 2D-exchange spectra in the slow rate limit (300-320 K).The trends of the kinetic constants against temperature, analyzed by the Eyring equation, give the activation parameters of the rearrengement.The activation energies in the nematic solvent are slightly higher than the corresponding ones in CDCl3.By extrapolating these results, we can infer a range of values for the frequency of the process in the liquid-crystalline phases of compounds I and II.
- Calucci, Lucia,Catalano, Donata,Cavazza, Marino,Veracini, Carlo Alberto
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p. 197 - 212
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of perfluoroalkylacyl carnitines as surfactants for biomedical use
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A series of acyl carnitines, 4 of which bearing a terminal perfluoroalkyl fragment, was obtained from carnitine in one step in a high grade of purity in yields ranging from 44-81percent.The F-alkyl derivatives display high solubilities in water, strong surface activity and a significant emulsifying power towards fluorocarbons in water.In spite of their strong surface activity, all of the biocompatibility tests performed (in vitro toxicity on Namalva cells cultures, hemolysis on human red blood cells, and iv injections in mice) indicate a significantly better biologicaltolerance than their hydrocarbon analogs, provided the F-alkyl moiety is larger than the alkyl moiety in the hydrophobic tail. fluorinated acyl carnitines / surfactants / emulsifiers / synthesis / biological acceptance / hemolysis / fluorocarbon emulsions
- Nivet, JB,Blanc, M Le,Riess, JG
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p. 953 - 960
(2007/10/02)
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- Medical composition for percutaneous administration
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A medical composition for external use comprising a proline ester represented by formula (I): STR1 wherein R1 and R2 are as defined in the specification, or a prolinol ester represented by formula (II): STR2 wherein R3 and R4 are as defined in the specification. The composition enhances percutaneous penetration absorption of an active ingredient to be combined therewith.
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- Composition for enhancing percutaneous administration of medicine
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A composition for enhancing percutaneous absorption of a pharmaceutical substance contains a proline ester (I) or prolinol ester (II) wherein R1 and R3 are hydrogen or aliphatic hydrocarbon residue, R2 and R4 are aliphatic hydrocarbon residues, the carbon atoms not exceeding 20 in R1 and R2 and 18 in R3 and R4, and the ring N-atom can be quaternised to form a salt with an acid; synthesis of these compounds is described. Usually a polar liquid is included e.g. an alcohol, glycerin or an ester thereof, a thioglycerol, lactic ester, ethyleneurea amide, glycol, lactone, pyrrolidone or lactam compound, in amount of 30-99.5 wt% of the ester and polar compound. The active ingredient can be applied separately to the skin or preferably incorporated in the composition, to provide topical or systemic effects. Numerous types of ingredients can be used. The composition can be incorporated in an ointment, lotion, gel, plaster or tape.
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- INTERPRETING SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON THE CRYSTAL PACKING OF LONG-CHAIN DIACYL PEROXXIDES. THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF DI(11-BROMOUNDECANOYL) PEROXIDE AND DI(UNDECANOYL) PEROXIDE
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Although crystals of di(11-bromoundecanoyl) peroxide and di(undecanoyl) peroxide have different space groups (P43212 and C2221), the molecules pack in almost identical layers.They differ only in the nature of stacking across interfaces involving the terminal groups.Because the 90 deg twist about the O-O bond locks neighboring molecules together within the layer, each peroxide shows a single solid phase from 5K to the melting point.Analysis of the stacking pattern in terms of the six possible orientational relationships suggests special stability for an L-shaped motif of C-Br...Br-C.Other substituents create different stackings of the same layer structure to give three crystal classes and five space groups among 14 compounds.Unsymmetrical peroxides are useful both for forcing a variety of substituted chains (particularly odd-even homologues) to pack with identical layer structures, and for controlling the stacking pattern.Because structural differences are localized in the vicinity of the substituents, this series of "substitutional polytypes" will allow systematic investigation of substituent effects on the physical and chemical properties of solids.
- McBride, J. Michael,Bertman, Steven B.,Cioffi, Donna Z.,Segmuller, Brigitte E.,Weber, Bruce A.
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- 2-Acyl-3-substituted cyclopentan-1-ones and process for their preparation
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1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds useful as medicines, agricultural chemicals, perfumes, and their intermediates are prepared by reacting a specific α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound with a specific organic copper lithium compound in the presence of an aprotic inert organic solvent, and then reacting the reaction product with an organic carboxylic acid halide or anhydride. In particular, novel 2-acyl-3-substituted cyclopentan-1-ones and 2-acyl-3-substituted cyclohexan-1-ones having important physiological activities are provided.
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