- Modular Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of GE81112 B1 and Related Analogues Enables Elucidation of Its Key Pharmacophores
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The GE81112 complex has garnered much interest due to its broad antimicrobial properties and unique ability to inhibit bacterial translation initiation. Herein we report the use of a chemoenzymatic strategy to complete the first total synthesis of GE81112 B1. By pairing iron and α-ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylases found in GE81112 biosynthesis with traditional synthetic methodology, we were able to access the natural product in 11 steps (longest linear sequence). Following this strategy, 10 GE81112 B1 analogues were synthesized, allowing for identification of its key pharmacophores. A key feature of our medicinal chemistry effort is the incorporation of additional biocatalytic hydroxylations in modular analogue synthesis to rapidly enable exploration of relevant chemical space.
- Zwick, Christian R.,Sosa, Max B.,Renata, Hans
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p. 1673 - 1679
(2021/01/25)
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- THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The invention provides compounds having the general Formula (I); and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the variables RA, RAA, subscript n, subscript q, ring A, X2, L, subscript m, X1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, D and E have the meaning as described herein, and compositions containing such compounds and methods for using such compounds and compositions.
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Page/Page column 169; 170
(2016/01/25)
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- Propargyloxyproline Regio- and Stereoisomers for Click-Conjugation of Peptides: Synthesis and Application in Linear and Cyclic Peptides
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The use of the click reaction for the introduction of conjugate groups, such as affinity or fluorescent labels, to a peptide for the study of peptide biochemistry and pharmacology is widespread. However, the nature and location of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles in peptide sequences may markedly affect conformation or binding as compared with native sequences. We have examined the preparation and application of propargyloxyproline (Pop) residues as a precursor to such peptide conjugates. Pop residues are available in a range of regio- and stereoisomers from hydroxyproline precursors and are readily prepared in Fmoc-protected form. They can be incorporated routinely in peptide synthesis and broadly retain the conformational properties of the parent proline containing peptides. This is exemplified by the preparation of biotin- and fluorophore-labelled peptides derived from linear and cyclic peptides.
- Northfield, Susan E.,Mountford, Simon J.,Wielens, Jerome,Liu, Mengjie,Zhang, Lei,Herzog, Herbert,Holliday, Nicholas D.,Scanlon, Martin J.,Parker, Michael W.,Chalmers, David K.,Thompson, Philip E.
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p. 1365 - 1372
(2015/09/15)
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- N-HYDROXYAMIDE DERIVATIVES POSSESSING ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
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Described herein are N-hydroxyamlde antibacterial compounds, methods for making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treating bacterial infections utilizing the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions compound of Formula (I): or a salt, solvate ti hydrate thereof, wherein A is (a) eachindicates a point of attachment.
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Page/Page column 54
(2010/02/17)
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- 3S-Fluoroproline as a probe to monitor proline isomerization during protein folding by 19F-NMR
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Variable-temperature inversion transfer NMR is used to determine the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of cis-trans isomerization of N-Ac-(3R) and (3S)-fluoroproline-OMe.
- Thomas, Colin A.,Talaty, Erach R.,Bann, James G.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3366 - 3368
(2009/12/26)
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- Stereoelectronic and steric effects in the collagen triple helix: Toward a code for strand association
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Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. The protein consists of a helix of three strands, each with sequence X-Y-Gly. Natural collagen is most stable when X is (2S)-proline (Pro) and Y is (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (4R-Hyp). We had shown previously that triple helices in which X is (2S,4S)-4- fluoroproline (4S-Flp) or Y is (2S,4R)-4-fluoroproline (4R-Flp) display hyperstability. This hyperstability arises from stereoelectronic effects that preorganize the main-chain dihedral angles in the conformation found in the triple helix. Here, we report the synthesis of strands containing both 4S-Flp in the X-position and 4R-Flp in the Y-position. We find that these strands do not form a stable triple helix, presumably because of an unfavorable steric interaction between fluoro groups on adjacent strands. Density functional theory calculations indicate that (2S,3S)-3-fluoroproline (3S-Flp), like 4S-Flp, should preorganize the main chain properly for triple-helix formation but without a steric conflict. Synthetic strands containing 3S-Flp in the X-position and 4R-Flp in the Y-position do form a triple helix. This helix is, however, less stable than one with Pro in the X-position, presumably because of an unfavorable inductive effect that diminishes the strength of the interstrand 3S-FlpC=O...H-NGly hydrogen bond. Thus, other forces can counter the benefits derived from the proper preorganization. Although (Pro-Pro-Gly) 7 and (4S-Flp-4R-Flp-Gly)7 do not form stable homotrimeric helices, mixtures of these two peptides form stable heterotrimeric helices containing one (Pro-Pro-Gly)7 strand and two (4S-Flp-4R-Flp-Gly) 7 strands. This stoichiometry can be understood by considering the cross sections of the two possible heterotrimeric helices. This unexpected finding portends the development of a "code" for the self-assembly of determinate triple helices from two or three strands.
- Hodges, Jonathan A.,Raines, Ronald T.
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p. 15923 - 15932
(2007/10/03)
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- 184. Total synthesis of cyclothialidine
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A total synthesis of cyclothialidine (1), a new DNA gyrase inhibitor isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis, is described The synthetic concept was tested by preparing the lactone 13 (Scheme 2) which contains the characteristic bicyclic core entity of 1. Key features of the synthesis of 1 are: preparation of 3,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzoic acid (23) from 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (19) by two consecutive Mannich aminomethylation/hydrogenation sequences; benzylic N-bromosuccinimide bromination of an ester derivative 25 thereof and its subsequent coupling with Boc-Ser-Cys-OMe (11); cyclization of the ω-hydroxy acid 29 to the 12-membered lactone 30 using preferably Mitsunobu conditions; completion of the peptidic side chains of 1 using Boc strategy (Scheme 4) Optically pure cis-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-hydroxy-L-proline ((-)-14) was obtained by resolution of the racemate via an efficient reaction sequence containing a lipase-catalyzed enantiospecific acetate hydrolysis (Scheme 3). The structure of natural 1 was confirmed by comparison with the synthetic material. The synthetic route described provides also easy access to analogues of 1, e.g., via the intermediate 30.
- Goetschi, Erwin,Jenny, Christian-Johannes,Reindl, Peter,Ricklin, Fabienne
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p. 2219 - 2234
(2007/10/03)
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- Intramolecular Hydrosilylations of β,γ-Unsaturated Acyloxy Silanes. A Convenient Synthesis of (2S,3R)-N-BOC-3-Hydroxyproline Methyl Ester
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A regio- and stereoselective synthesis of hydroxylated carboxylic acids by intramolecular hydrosilylation of β,γ-unsaturated acyloxysilanes has been developed.Application of the methodology in the synthesis of (2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-N-BOC-proline methyl ester is described.
- Sibi, Mukund P.,Christensen, James W.
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p. 6213 - 6216
(2007/10/02)
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