- Discovery, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel group of selective inhibitors of filoviral entry
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Herein, we report the development of an antifiloviral screening system, based on a pseudotyping strategy, and its application in the discovery of a novel group of small molecules that selectively inhibit the Ebola and Marburg glycoprotein (GP)-mediated infection of human cells. Using Ebola Zaire GP-pseudotyped HIV particles bearing a luciferase reporter gene and 293T cells, a library of 237 small molecules was screened for inhibition of GP-mediated viral entry. From this assay, lead compound 8a was identified as a selective inhibitor of filoviral entry with an IC50 of 30 μM. To analyze functional group requirements for efficacy, a structure-activity relationship analysis of this 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole was then conducted with 56 isoxazole and triazole derivatives prepared using "click" chemistry. This study revealed that while the isoxazole ring can be replaced by a triazole system, the 5-(diethylamino)acetamido substituent found in 8a is required for inhibition of viral-cell entry. Variation of the 3-aryl substituent provided a number of more potent antiviral agents with IC50 values ranging to 2.5 μM. Lead compound 8a and three of its derivatives were also found to block the Marburg glycoprotein (GP)-mediated infection of human cells.
- Yermolina, Maria V.,Wang, Jizhen,Caffrey, Michael,Rong, Lijun L.,Wardrop, Duncan J.
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p. 765 - 781
(2011/04/15)
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- Aqeous and Nonaqueous Polarographic Studies of Substituted 2,6-Dimethylbenzonitrile N-Oxides1)
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Aqueous and nonaqueous polarographic properties of 4-substituted 2,6-dimethylbenzonitrile N-oxides (stable nitrile N-oxides) have been studied and compared with those of the substituted pyridine N-oxides and benzylidenemethylamine N-oxides (nitrones) investigated previously by us.The first reduction wave in both the aqueous and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent systems is due to the deoxygenation reaction of the nitrile N-oxide group except when certain substituents are present (see text).This conclusion has also been verified by controlled potential electrolysis in aqueous solution and by cyclic voltammetry in DMF solvent.A plot of the Hammett ? constants of the substituents against E1/2 values was linear with a positive slope for both the aqueous and DMF solvent systems.The slope is smaller than in the case of pyridine N-oxides and nitrones, this being reasonably attributable to the triple bond nature of the CNO group.Half-wave reduction potentials of the nitrile N-oxides are positively shifted compared with those of pyridine N-oxides, particularly in an aqueous solvent.Molecular orbital calculations were applied to interpret the substituent effect on the reduction potentials of the N-oxides. Keywords --- aqueous polarography; nonaqueous polarography; substituent effect on half-wave potential; cyclic voltammetry; controlled potential electrolysis; PPP-SCFMO; CNDO/2; LUMO energy; 4-substituted 2,6-dimethylbenzonitrile N-oxide
- Kubota, Tanekazu,Hiramatsu, Sadaaki,Kano, Kenji,Uno, Bunji,Miyazaki, Hiroshi
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p. 3830 - 3839
(2007/10/02)
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