- Green Energetic Nitrogen-Rich Salts of 1,1′-Dinitramino-5,5′-bistetrazolate
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A series of nitrogen-rich energetic salts of 1,1′-dinitramino-5,5′-bistetrazolate (DNABT) guanidinium (1), aminoguanidinium (2), diaminoguanidinium (3), triaminoguanidinium (4), diaminouronium (5), 3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium (6), and ethylenediammonium (7) was synthesized by a metathesis strategy and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and electrostatic potentials (ESPs) were further computed for a better understanding of the structures of the DNABT molecule. The heats of formation were calculated based on the Born–Haber energy cycle. The detonation parameters were evaluated by using the EXPLO5 program, and the sensitivities were measured according to BAM standers. These new salts exhibit highly positive heats of formation (407.0–1377.9 kJ mol?1) and good thermal stabilities (180–211 °C). Most of these compounds possess detonation velocities comparable to RDX and acceptable detonation pressures. The high volumes of explosion gases of the salts 3 and 4 (921 and 933 L kg?1, respectively) further support their power as explosives. The enhancing performances, the fact of being free of metals, and the more moderate sensitivities than K2DNABT, suggest that the salts 4 (D=8851 m s?1, P=29.0 GPa), 5 (D=9053 m s?1, P=32.3 GPa), and 6 (D=8835 m s?1, P=30.2 GPa) might be potential environmentally friendly energetic materials.
- He, Piao,Wu, Le,Wu, Jinting,Wang, Qianyou,Li, Zhimin,Gozin, Michael,Zhang, Jianguo
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supporting information
p. 11159 - 11168
(2017/08/22)
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- Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of a single-reactor synthesis of 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride from aminoguanidine and acetic acid
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Fundamental thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the reaction in which acetic acid guanyl hydrazide is formed from aminoguanidine and acetic acid in aqueous solutions at pH 0.6-1.5 and the kinetics of cyclization of acetic acid guanyl hydrazide hydrochloride to 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride in a melt were studied. Methods for synthesis of acetic acid guanyl hydrazide hydrochlorides and 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazole hydrochloride were developed.
- Tarasova,Chernyshev,Chernysheva,Abagyan
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experimental part
p. 400 - 406
(2011/08/04)
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- PROCESS FOR STRAIGHTENING KERATIN FIBRES WITH A HEATING MEANS AND DENATURING AGENTS
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The invention relates to a process for straightening keratin fibres, comprising: (i) a step in which a straightening composition containing at least two denaturing agents is applied to the keratin fibres, (ii) a step in which the temperature of the keratin fibres is raised, using a heating means, to a temperature of between 110 and 250° C.
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- Mechanism of general acid-base catalysis in transesterification of an RNA model phosphodiester studied with strongly basic catalysts
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Using 80% vol aqueous DMSO as the reaction medium for transesterification of an RNA model substrate 2-hydroxypropyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate allows one to observe catalysis in buffer mixtures composed of highly basic components such as guanidines, amidines or alkylamines, which provide up to 103-fold accelerations over the background reaction in the 0.01-0.1 M concentration range. The rate law kobs = k1[B] + k2[B] [BH+] was established indicating contributions from both simple general base catalysis and the reaction involving concerted action of neutral (B) and protonated (BH+) forms of the buffer. The catalytic efficiency of guanidinium and amidinium cations is 10 times larger than that of more acidic ammonium cations. Rate constants k1 and k2 obey the Bronsted equations with the slopes 0.77 and 0.69 respectively. Proton inventory for k2 (B = guanidine) in D2O/H 2O mixtures gives two fractionation factors φ1 = 0.48 and φ2 = 1.26 for normal and inverse isotope effects respectively. The former results from the proton transfer to B and the latter from the binding of guanidinium cation to the phosphate group as follows from observation of an inverse solvent isotope effect for the binding of guanidinium and amidinium cations to a phosphodiester anion. The results of kinetic studies together with analysis of transition state stabilization free energies for guanidinium and amidinium cations show that the protonated buffer component acts via electrostatic transition state stabilization rather than proton transfer, which may be possible for a guanidinium assisted hydroxide catalyzed reaction. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
- Corona-Martinez, David O.,Taran, Olga,Yatsimirsky, Anatoly K.
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supporting information; body text
p. 873 - 880
(2010/06/20)
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- Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the reaction of aminoguanidine with malonic acid in acidic aqueous solutions
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Thermodynamic and kinetic features of the reaction of aminoguanidine with malonic acid in aqueous solutions at pH 0.5-1.3 to give mono-and diguanylhydrazides of malonic acid were examined, and the reaction mechanism was suggested.
- Chernysheva,Chernyshev,Korolenko,Taranushich
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experimental part
p. 1813 - 1817
(2009/09/08)
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- Guanidine-acylguanidine bioisosteric approach in the design of radioligands: Synthesis of a tritium-labeled NG-propionylargininamide ([3H]-UR-MK114) as a highly potent and selective neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist
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Synthesis and characterization of (R)-Nα-(2,2- diphenylacetyl)-N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-Nω-([2,3- 3H]-propanoyl)-argininamide ([3H]-UR-MK114), an easily accessible tritium-labeled NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) antagonist (KB: 0.8 nM, calcium assay, HEL cells) derived from the (R)-argininamide BIBP 3226, is reported. The radioligand binds with high affinity (KD, saturation: 1.2 nM, kinetic experiments: 1.1 nM, SK-N-MC cells) and selectivity for Y1R over Y2, Y 4, and Y5 receptors. The title compound is a useful pharmacological tool for the determination of Y1R ligand affinities, quantification of Y1R binding sites, and autoradiography.
- Keller, Max,Pop, Nathalie,Hutzler, Christoph,Beck-Sickinger, Annette G.,Bernhardt, Günther,Buschauer, Armin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8168 - 8172
(2009/12/07)
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- Methods and compositions for diagnosing and treating arthritic disorders and regulating bone mass
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The present invention relates to improved diagnostic methods for early detection of a risk for developing an arthritic disorder in humans, and screening assays for therapeutic agents useful in the treatment of arthritic disorders, by comparing the levels of one or more indicators of altered mitochondrial function. Indicators of altered mitochondrial function include enzymes such as mitochondrial enzymes and ATP biosynthesis factors. Other indicators of altered mitochondrial function include mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial number and mitochondrial DNA content, cellular responses to elevated intracellular calcium and to apoptogens, and free radical production. Methods of treating, and of stratifying, human patients as such methods relate to disclosed indicators of altered mitchondrial function are also provided.
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Page/Page column 31
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis and antitumor activity of guanylhydrazones from 6-(2,4-dichloro-5-nitrophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and 6-pyridylimidazo[2,1- b]thiazoles
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The design and synthesis of antitumor imidazothiazole guanylhydrazones are reported. The compounds were submitted to NCI for testing. All but one were more active than methyl-GAG. A few compounds were selected for further studies in search of a possible mechanism of action. The results from these studies and a final search with the NCI COMPARE algorithm suggest that the guanylhydrazones described in this paper are acting through a novel mechanism of action.
- Andreani, Aldo,Burnelli, Silvia,Granaiola, Massimiliano,Leoni, Alberto,Locatelli, Alessandra,Morigi, Rita,Rambaldi, Mirella,Varoli, Lucilla,Farruggia, Giovanna,Stefanelli, Claudio,Masotti, Lanfranco,Kunkel, Mark W.
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p. 7897 - 7901
(2007/10/03)
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- Triazole derivative and pharmaceutical use thereof
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An agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of immune-related diseases, in particular, immunosuppressant, an agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of allergic diseases, an agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of eosinophil-related diseases and an eosinophilia inhibitor, comprising, as an active ingredient, a series of triazole derivatives of the following formula (I) STR1 or the following formula (III) STR2 wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A novel monocyclic or bicyclic triazole derivative. The agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of immune-related diseases, in particular, immunosuppressant, the agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of allergic diseases, the agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of eosinophil-related diseases, the eosinophilia inhibitor and the novel triazole derivative of the present invention all, have superior eosinophilia-inhibitory action and lymphocyte activation-inhibitory action. They are low toxic and persistent in action. They are particularly effective in the treatment of accumulation and activation of eosinophil and lymphocytes, inflammatory respiratory tract diseases, eosinophil-related diseases such as eosinophilia, and immune-related diseases.
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- Process for the preparation of 5-aminotetrazole
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The compound 5-aminotetrazole is prepared by a process which comprises (a) reacting a hydrazine salt of a mineral acid with cyanamide to form the corresponding aminoguanidine salt, (b) diazotizing the aminoguanidine salt to the corresponding guanylazide salt, and (c) cyclizing the guanylazide salt to 5-aminotetrazole.
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