- Visible-Light-Promoted Iron-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Dioxazolones with Arylboronic Acids
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A visible-light-promoted and simple iron salt-catalyzed N-arylation was achieved efficiently under external photosensitizer-free conditions. Arylboronic acids and bench-stable dioxazolones were used for this cross-coupling reaction. This reaction features high reactivity, wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, simple operation procedure, and mild reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic investigations were conducted to support a radical pathway. This method may contribute to shift the paradigm of iron-catalyzed C-N bond construction and nitrene transfer chemistry.
- Tang, Jing-Jing,Yu, Xiaoqiang,Yamamoto, Yoshinori,Bao, Ming
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p. 13955 - 13961
(2021/11/20)
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- An Environmentally Benign, Catalyst-Free N?C Bond Cleavage/Formation of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Unactivated Amides
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Herein, we report an operationally simple, cheap, and catalyst-free method for the transamidation of a diverse range of unactivated amides furnishing the desired products in excellent yields. This protocol is environmentally friendly and operates under extremely mild conditions without using any promoter or additives. Significantly, this strategy has been implied in the chemoselective synthesis of a pharmaceutical molecule, paracetamol, on a gram-scale with excellent yield. We anticipate that this universally applicable strategy will be of great interest in drug discovery, biochemistry, and organic synthesis.
- Kumar, Vishal,Dhawan, Sanjeev,Girase, Pankaj Sanjay,Singh, Parvesh,Karpoormath, Rajshekhar
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p. 5627 - 5639
(2021/11/11)
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- Exploration of Cu-catalyzed regioselective hydrodehalogenation of o-haloanilides using EtOH as hydrogen source
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In present work, we have explored a Cu(acac)2/vasicine-catalyzed regioselective hydrodehalogenation methodology of o-haloanilides using EtOH as hydrogen source and solvent. The catalytic system could selectively dehalogenate 2-Br and 2-I, and features regioselective, efficient and functional group tolerance.
- Li, Min-Xin,Li, Mei-Ling,Tang, Yan-Ling,Sun, Yun,Qu, Lu,Huang, Feng,Mao, Ze-Wei
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supporting information
(2021/05/03)
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- Chromium-catalyzed ligand-free amidation of esters with anilines
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Amides are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical chemistry because of the intriguing biological active properties. We report here the amidation of commercially available esters with anilines that was promoted by low-cost and air-stable chromium(III) pre-catalyst combined with magnesium, providing access to amides. This reaction occurs without the use of external ligands in a simple operation. Mechanistic studies indicate that a reactive aminated Cr species responsible for the amidation can be considered, which may be formed by reaction of low-valent Cr with aniline followed by reduction with hydrogen evolution.
- Chen, Changpeng,Ling, Liang,Luo, Meiming,Zeng, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 762 - 766
(2021/04/14)
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- Switching from biaryl formation to amidation with convoluted polymeric nickel catalysis
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A stable, reusable, and insoluble poly(4-vinyl-pyridine) nickel catalyst (P4VP-NiCl2) was prepared through the molecular convolution of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and nickel chloride. We proposed a coordination structure of the Ni center in the precatalyst based on elemental analysis and Ni K-edge XANES, and we confirmed that it is consistent with Ni K-edge EXAFS. The Suzuki?Miyaura-type coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic esters proceeded using P4VP-NiCl2 (0.1 mol % Ni) to give the corresponding biaryl compounds in up to 94% yield. Surprisingly, when the same reaction of aryl halides and arylboronic acid/ester was carried out in the presence of amides, the amidation proceeded predominantly to give the corresponding arylamides in up to 99% yield. In contrast, the reaction of aryl halides and amides in the absence of arylboronic acid/ester did not proceed. P4VP-NiCl2 successfully catalyzed the lactamization for preparing phenanthridinone. P4VP-NiCl2 was reused five times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biologically active compounds were synthesized efficiently using P4VPNiCl2 catalysis. Nickel contamination in the prepared pharmaceutical compounds was not detected by ICP-MS analysis. The reaction was scaled to multigrams without any loss of chemical yield. Mechanistic studies for both Suzuki?Miyaura and amidation were performed.
- Sen, Abhijit,Dhital, Raghu N.,Sato, Takuma,Ohno, Aya,Yamada, Yoichi M.A.
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p. 14410 - 14418
(2020/12/21)
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- N-Phenylbenzamide derivatives as alternative oxidase inhibitors: Synthesis, molecular properties, 1H-STD NMR, and QSAR
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In the present work, 117 N-phenylbenzamides (NPDs) were prepared and evaluated against recombinant AOX from the fungal pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa. 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectra provided structural information on NPDs. The library compounds were tested as Alternative Oxidase inhibitors in two different assays using the model yeast Pichia pastoris: cell growth and oxygen consumption assays. The most active compound, 3FH, was further characterized by DRX and 1H-NMR-STD. Single crystal X-ray diffraction showed intra- and intermolecular interactions of 3FH in solid-state and elucidated its 3D structural configuration. 1H-NMR-STD allowed us to derive protein-ligand interactions in a membrane-mimetic system and evidenced an outstanding interaction of 3FH with this enzyme. Results of both biological assays were used as input to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship models, which highlighted the more important molecular fragments contributions for protein-ligand interaction.
- Barsottini, Mario R. O.,Carazzolle, Marcelo F.,Costa, Paulo C. S.,Evangelista, Joel S.,Miranda, Paulo C. M. L.,Nascimento, Andrey F. Z.,Pereira, Gon?alo A. G.,Pires, Bárbara A.,Rocco, Silvana A.,Sfor?a, Maurício L.,Silva, Jaqueline S.,Vieira, Maria L. L.,Zeri, Ana C. M.
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- α-Imino Iridium Carbenes from Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Application in the One-Step Synthesis of Indoles
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Imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides are presented for the first time as potential precursors to generate α-imino metal-carbene intermediates and applied in direct C-H functionalization reactions catalyzed by [Ir(cod)Cl]2 (4 mol %) to provide 2-substituted indoles (up to 70% yield) in just one step. This class of sulfur ylide is successfully obtained from imidoyl chloride and dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (23 new examples in 45-85% yield) or by imino group formation from the corresponding β-keto sulfoxonium ylides and anilines in the presence of TiCl4 as a Lewis acid (9 examples in 33-94% yield).
- Burtoloso, Antonio C. B.,Caiuby, Clarice A. D.,De Jesus, Matheus P.
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p. 7433 - 7445
(2020/06/27)
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- Compound containing bipyrazole ring, intermediate thereof and application thereof
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The invention discloses a compound containing a bipyrazole ring, and an intermediate and application thereof. The invention provides the compound containing a bipyrazole ring, as shown in a formula Iwhich is described in the specification. The compound can be used as a ligand, is high in selectivity, and is suitable for the application range of amide in C-N coupling and the C-C coupling reactionof arylboronic acid and aryl chloride, especially coupling with aryl chloride.
- -
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Paragraph 0269-0271
(2020/05/14)
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- Preparation method of compound containing bipyrazole ring and intermediate thereof
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The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound containing a bipyrazole ring and an intermediate of the compound. The preparation method of a bipyrazole ring-containing compound as shown ina formula I comprises the following steps: (1) adding alkali into a mixture of a bipyrazole ring compound as shown in a formula I-1 and a solvent for replacement reaction to obtain a mixed system; and (2) adding an organic phosphorus compound shown as a formula I-2 into the mixed system in the step (1), and carrying out a phosphonation reaction shown in the specification, so as to obtain the bipyrazole ring-containing compound shown as the formula I, wherein R1 and R2 are independently a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group and a phenyl group, R3 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, and X is halogen. The prepared compound containing a bipyrazole ring can be used as a ligand, and is suitable for the application range of amide in C-N coupling and the C-C coupling reaction of arylboronic acid andaryl chloride.
- -
-
Paragraph 0269-0271
(2020/05/14)
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- Highly Chemoselective, Transition-Metal-Free Transamidation of Unactivated Amides and Direct Amidation of Alkyl Esters by N-C/O-C Cleavage
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The amide bond is one of the most fundamental functional groups in chemistry and biology and plays a central role in numerous processes harnessed to streamline the synthesis of key pharmaceutical and industrial molecules. Although the synthesis of amides is one of the most frequently performed reactions by academic and industrial scientists, the direct transamidation of tertiary amides is challenging due to unfavorable kinetic and thermodynamic contributions of the process. Herein, we report the first general, mild, and highly chemoselective method for transamidation of unactivated tertiary amides by a direct acyl N-C bond cleavage with non-nucleophilic amines. This operationally simple method is performed in the absence of transition metals and operates under unusually mild reaction conditions. In this context, we further describe the direct amidation of abundant alkyl esters to afford amide bonds with exquisite selectivity by acyl C-O bond cleavage. The utility of this process is showcased by a broad scope of the method, including various sensitive functional groups, late-stage modification, and the synthesis of drug molecules (>80 examples). Remarkable selectivity toward different functional groups and within different amide and ester electrophiles that is not feasible using existing methods was observed. Extensive experimental and computational studies were conducted to provide insight into the mechanism and the origins of high selectivity. We further present a series of guidelines to predict the reactivity of amides and esters in the synthesis of valuable amide bonds by this user-friendly process. In light of the importance of the amide bond in organic synthesis and major practical advantages of this method, the study opens up new opportunities in the synthesis of pivotal amide bonds in a broad range of chemical contexts.
- Li, Guangchen,Ji, Chong-Lei,Hong, Xin,Szostak, Michal
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p. 11161 - 11172
(2019/08/07)
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- Solvent- and transition metal-free amide synthesis from phenyl esters and aryl amines
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A general, economical, and environmentally friendly method of amide synthesis from phenyl esters and aryl amines was developed. This new method has significant advantages compared to previously reported palladium-catalyzed approaches. The reaction is performed transition metal- and solvent-free, using a cheap and environmentally benign base, NaH. This approach enabled us to obtain target amides in high yields with high atom economy.
- Rzhevskiy, Sergey A.,Ageshina, Alexandra A.,Chesnokov, Gleb A.,Gribanov, Pavel S.,Topchiy, Maxim A.,Nechaev, Mikhail S.,Asachenko, Andrey F.
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p. 1536 - 1540
(2019/01/24)
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- Synthesis of nanomagnetic supported thiourea–copper(I) catalyst and its application in the synthesis of triazoles and benzamides
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A novel nanomagnetic supported thiourea–copper(I) complex and inorganic–organic Takemoto-like hybrid nanomagnetic catalyst was designed, and synthesized. The prepared naomagnetic catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopies, thermogravimetry, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, zeta potential and vibrating sample magnetometry. Furthermore, the fabricated dual-role inorganic–organic hybrid catalyst shows a striking and robust catalytic activity for the synthesis of triazoles and benzamides through click and coupling reactions, respectively, under mild and eco-friendly reaction conditions.
- Mohammadi, Leila,Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali,Khazaei, Ardeshir,Yarie, Meysam,Ansari, Samira,Azizian, Saeid,Khosravi, Maryam
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- Experimental and computational insights into the nature of weak intermolecular interactions in trifluoromethyl-substituted isomeric crystalline N-methyl-N-phenylbenzamides
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The knowledge about the prevalence of weak interactions in terms of the nature and energetics associated with their formation is of significance in organic solids. In the present study, we have systematically explored the existence of different types of i
- Panini, Piyush,Chopra, Deepak
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p. 8720 - 8738
(2015/11/10)
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- Copper catalysed C-N bond formation via a sequential acylation and deacylation process: A novel strategy for the synthesis of benzanilides
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An efficient and mild oxidative amidation of aldehydes by means of acetanilides as amine components has been developed for the first time using copper catalysis. The approach is versatile and proceeds through sequential acylation and deacylation steps to afford benzanilides.
- Kumar, Saurabh,Vanjari, Rajeshwer,Guntreddi, Tirumaleswararao,Singh, Krishna Nand
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p. 9920 - 9924
(2015/02/19)
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- Efficient cobalt-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reaction between benzamide and aryl iodide in water
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A practical and efficient strategy for the N-arylation of benzamide catalysed by a Co(C2O4)·2H2O/dmeda system in water is reported. Under the optimized conditions, a wide variety of N-arylated products were obtained in good yields (up to 92%) using substituted aryl iodides.
- Tan, Bryan Yong-Hao,Teo, Yong-Chua
-
supporting information
p. 7478 - 7481
(2014/12/11)
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- Copper/N,N-dimethylglycine catalyzed Goldberg reactions between aryl bromides and amides, aryl iodides and secondary acyclic amides
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An efficient and general copper-catalyzed Goldberg reaction at 90-110 °C between aryl bromides and amides providing the desired products in good to excellent yields has been developed using N,N-dimethylglycine as the ligand. The reaction is tolerant toward a wide range of amides and a variety of functional group substituted aryl bromides. In addition, hindered, unreactive aromatic and aliphatic secondary acyclic amides, known to be poor nucleophiles, are efficiently coupled with aryl iodides through this simple and cheap copper/N,N-dimethylglycine catalytic system.
- Jiang, Liqin
-
supporting information
p. 13448 - 13460
(2015/02/19)
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- Polymer supported Pd catalyzed carbonylation of aryl bromides for the synthesis of aryl esters and amides
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A polymer-anchored palladium(ii) catalyst was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Its catalytic activity was evaluated for the alkoxycarbonylation and aminocarbonylation reactions. These carbonylation reactions were carried out for various substituted aryl bromides using alcohols and amines. Both the reactions were optimized by varying the bases, temperature and solvents. These experiments were carried out under high CO pressure. The catalyst was very stable and can be facilely recovered and reused six times without a significant decrease in its activity and selectivity. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Islam, Sk Manirul,Ghosh, Kajari,Roy, Anupam Singha,Molla, Rostam Ali
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p. 38986 - 38999
(2014/11/07)
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- Efficient manganese/copper bimetallic catalyst for N-arylation of amides and sulfonamides under mild conditions in water
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An efficient and mild method using a bimetallic MnF2/CuI catalyst at 60 °C in water was developed for the N-arylation of amides and sulfonamides with aryl halides. A variety of functionalized amides and sulfonamides were coupled with different substituted aryl halides to afford the corresponding N-arylated products in good to excellent yields (up to 97 %). An efficient method using a bimetallic MnF2/CuI catalyst in combination with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane as the ligand has been developed for the cross-coupling of benzamides and sulfonamides with differently substituted aryl iodides in water. The corresponding N-arylated products were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 97 %) under the catalytic conditions. Copyright
- Teo, Yong-Chua,Yong, Fui-Fong,Ithnin, Idzham Khalid,Yio, Siew-Hui Trionna,Lin, Zhiyin
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supporting information
p. 515 - 524
(2013/02/26)
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- Immobilized palladium metal-containing ionic liquid-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation, phenoxycarbonylation, and aminocarbonylation reactions
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Immobilized palladium metal-containing ionic liquid (ImmPd-IL), a structurally well-defined transition metal complex, is explored as an immobilized, phosphine-free catalyst for carbonylation reactions, including alkoxycarbonylation, phenoxycarbonylation, and aminocarbonylation reactions. The effect of various reaction parameters, such as solvent, base, time, temperature, and CO pressure on carbonylation reactions using ImmPd-IL catalyst was investigated. The optimized protocol was applied to a wide variety of substituted aryl iodides and various alcohol/phenols and amines having different steric and electronic properties and afforded the corresponding products in good to excellent yield. The developed catalytic system circumvents the use of phosphine ligands, with an additional advantage of palladium catalyst recovery and reuse for up to four consecutive cycles. The recycled catalyst was characterized using XPS analysis.
- Khedkar, Mayur V.,Sasaki, Takehiko,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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p. 287 - 293
(2013/08/25)
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- Role of intermolecular interactions involving organic fluorine in trifluoromethylated benzanilides
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Trifluoromethylated benzanilides, containing C(sp3)-F bonds, have been synthesized and their crystal and molecular structures have been investigated to highlight the significance of weak intermolecular interactions associated with the presence
- Panini, Piyush,Chopra, Deepak
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experimental part
p. 1972 - 1989
(2012/05/21)
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- Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides with aromatic or aliphatic amines in water
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An efficient ligand-free protocol has been developed for the amincocarbonylation of aryl iodides with aromatic/aliphatic amines using palladium(II) acetate as a catalyst in water under milder operating conditions. The system tolerated a wide variety of hindered and functionalized aryl iodides/amines and afforded the desired amides in excellent yields at low catalyst concentration. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Tambade, Pawan J.,Patil, Yogesh P.,Bhanushali, Mayur J.,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
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experimental part
p. 2347 - 2352
(2009/04/04)
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- Expedited palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl nonaflates through the use of microwave-irradiation and soluble organic amine bases
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Microwave-assisted, palladium-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reactions with aryl/heteroaryl nonaflates and amines using the soluble amine bases DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) or MTBD (7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4. 0]dec-5-ene) and ligands (1-3) resulted in good to excellent yields (71-99%) of arylamines in short reaction times (1-45 min).
- Tundel, Rachel E.,Anderson, Kevin W.,Buchwald, Stephen L.
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p. 430 - 433
(2007/10/03)
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- N-arylbenzonitrilium ions. Photochemical generation and effect of substituents in the phenyl rings on lifetimes in water and reactivity with azide ion
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Nitrilium ions Ar-C≡N+-Ar′ have been studied by laser flash photolysis in aqueous solutions containing 20% acetonitrile. The cations were generated by photoheterolysis of benzimidate esters Ar-CZ=N-Ar′ (Z = -OC6H4-4-CN) with 4-cyanophenoxide as the photochemical leaving group. Rate constants for the reaction with water (kw), azide ion (kaz) and hydroxide (kOH) were measured. The cation Ph-C≡N+-Ph is only 50-fold shorter lived in water compared to Ph-C≡N+-iPr (2); thus the effect of replacing an N-alkyl group with N-phenyl is modest. These two cations are also shown to have similar lifetimes to iminium analogs, e.g. Ph-CH=N+ (Me)-Ph. Thus, addition of water to analogous sp and sp2 hybridized systems occurs at a similar rate, and the increased steric access to the nitrilium plays at most a modest role. For the series where substituents in Ar′ were varied with Ar equal to phenyl, the Hammett plot for log kw correlated with σ, with ρ = - 1.4. For the series where Ar was varied, the data correlated much better with σ+, although ρ+ was only -0.6. This remarkably small effect of substituents in Ar constrasts with the effects seen in benzylic carbocations, but is consistent with the nitrilium structure, with most of the positive charge located on the nitrogen. Rate constant ratios kaz:kw, including the N-alkylnitrilium ion 2, are constant at ~104, with values of kaz well below the diffusion limit, even for the most reactive nitrilium ions. This is very different behaviour from that of carbocations and arylnitrenium ions of similar lifetimes in water. For these cations the rate constants kaz would be at or at least approaching the diffusion limit.
- Ruane, Patrick H.,Ahmed, Abid R.,McClelland, Robert A.
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p. 312 - 317
(2007/10/03)
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- REACTIONS OF IMIDIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS. KINETICS AND QUANTITATIVE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS OF THE 4-NITROPHENYL ESTERS OF DIARYLIMIDIC ACIDS
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In the kinetics of the alkaline hydrolysis of the 4-nitrophenyl esters of arylimidic acids R1C6H4C(OC6H4NO2-4)=NC6H4R2 in a water-dioxane mixture (1:1 by volume) with a constant ionic strength first order is observed in each of the reagents.The reaction rate depends little on the nature of the electrolyte (NaCl, NaClO4, LiClO4) and decreases with increase in the concentration of the salt in the solution.The ρ constants for the bimolecular process ρR1 = 2.0 0.1 and ρR2 = 2.4 0.2 agree with an addition-elimination mechanism with the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate product in the rate-determining stage.
- Prudchenko, A. P.,Drizhd, L. P.,Savelova, V. A.
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p. 923 - 926
(2007/10/02)
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