- Group 10 metal complexes with chelating macrocyclic dicarbene ligands bearing a 2,6-lutidinyl bridge: Synthesis, reactivity, and catalytic activity
-
Palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of the title ligands have been prepared; the two carbene moieties of the ligand coordinate to the metal in cis fashion, while the bridging pyridyl group remains outside the metal coordination sphere but close to the metal center. In this peculiar situation, the pyridyl group can assist the oxidation of the metal center to the +IV oxidation state upon coordination to the metal in the product. Furthermore, the pyridyl group is found to promote the catalytic role of the palladium(II) complexes in copper- and amine-free Sonogashira reactions.
- Biffis, Andrea,Cipani, Matteo,Bressan, Edoardo,Tubaro, Cristina,Graiff, Claudia,Venzo, Alfonso
-
-
Read Online
- Generalized fabrication of multifunctional nanoparticle assemblies on silica spheres
-
Sequential decoration of silica spheres by covalent bonding of magnetite nanoparticles (blue) and attachment of functional nanoparticles of Au, CdSe/ZnS, or Pd (red) afforded multifunctional assemblies exhibiting combinations of magnetism with surface pla
- Kim, Jaeyun,Lee, Ji Eun,Lee, Jinwoo,Jang, Youngjin,Kim, Sang-Wook,An, Kwangjin,Yu, Jung Ho,Hyeon, Taeghwan
-
-
Read Online
- Nonpolar biphasic catalysis: Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides
-
Palladium-phosphine catalysts which are phase-tagged with soluble poly(4-methylstyrene) can be used for efficient carbon-carbon coupling reactions by nonpolar biphasic catalysis with high recyclability as evidenced by high yields, constant tof of the cata
- Datta, Anupama,Plenio, Herbert
-
-
Read Online
- Synthesis and catalytic applications of palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as efficient pre-catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions
-
A new palladium complex series with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), pyridine and phosphine ligands, PdCl2(L)NHC (2a-c)(L = NHC), PdCl2(L1)NHC(3a-c)(L1 = pyridine), PdCl2(L2)NHC(4a-c)(L2 = triphenylphosphine) was synthesised and fully characterized. The catalytic activities of these complexes were screened for the Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions between arylhalides and phenylacetylene, and phenylboronic acid, respectively. The results pointed out that the carbene/phosphine complexes 4a-c exhibited excellent catalytic activities as compared to 2a-c, 3a-c, and the well-known systems for the palladium-catalysed Sonogashira reaction. The reactivity of 4a-c in these preliminary Sonogashira coupling tests seems to be higher than that of previously reported catalytic systems based on Pd(NHC) moieties. These new palladium NHC complexes are among the first reported palladium catalysts that are efficient for catalysing the Sonogashira reaction from arylchloride substrates.
- Boubakri,Yasar,Dorcet,Roisnel,Bruneau,Hamdi,Ozdemir
-
-
Read Online
- Palladium(II) phosphine-ylide complexes as highly efficient pre-catalysts in additive- and amine-free Sonogashira coupling reactions performed under aerobic and low Pd loading conditions
-
Moisture and air-stable, robust palladacycle phosphine-ylide complexes as catalyst precursors were used in additive- and amine-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. Various aryl halides were coupled with phenylacetylene in DMF, under air, in the pres
- Sabounchei, Seyyed Javad,Ahmadi, Mohsen,Nasri, Zahra,Shams, Esmaeil,Panahimehr, Mohammad
-
-
Read Online
- A simple building-block route to (phosphanyl-carbene)palladiuni complexes via intermolecular addition of functionalised phosphanes to isocyanides
-
We present a straightforward protocol for making (phosphanyl-carbene) PdII complexes. These complexes have bidentate ligands containing an acyclic diamino- or aminooxy-carbene and a phosphane. The synthesis gives good yields (typically 70-90%) for a variety of complexes (22 compounds). Moreover, it does not require the synthesis of imid azolium salts nor the a priori generation of free carbenes. Three of the new complexes were tested as catalysts for Son-ogashira and Hay coupling reactions, with good yields and selectivities. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, KGaA.
- Eberhard, Michael R.,Van Vliet, Bart,Pachon, Laura Duran,Rothenberg, Gadi,Easthani, Graham,Kooijnian, Huub,Spek, Anthony L.,Elsevier, Cornells J.
-
-
Read Online
- Sonogashira cross-coupling using carbon aerogel doped with palladium nanoparticles; a recoverable and reusable catalyst
-
The Sonogashira cross coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes has been carried out in the presence of carbon aerogels doped with metallic palladium nanoparticles. Coupling products have been isolated in excellent yields and the catalyst system can
- Soler, Roger,Cacchi, Sandro,Fabrizi, Giancarlo,Forte, Giovanni,Martin, Laura,Martinez, Sandra,Molins, Elies,Moreno-Manas, Marcial,Petrucci, Francesco,Roig, Anna,Sebastian, Rosa M.,Vallribera, Adelina
-
-
Read Online
- Comparison between polyethylenglycol and imidazolium ionic liquids as solvents for developing a homogeneous and reusable palladium catalytic system for the Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling
-
The carbapalladacycle complex of 4-hydroxyacetophenone oxime is a highly active palladium catalyst to effect the Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides and other C-C forming reactions in water. In an attempt to develop a reusable, homogeneous system based on this complex, its stability against prolonged heating in different ionic liquids and polyethylenglycol (PEG) has been studied. It was found that the palladium complex decomposes in water, 1-butyl-1-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-butyl-1-methylimidazolium chloride to form palladium nanoparticles in the first two cases and PdCl 42- in the third case. In contrast, this cyclic palladium complex was stable upon extended heating in 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and in PEG. The activity of this complex for the Suzuki and Sonogashira correlates with the stability of the complex, the activity in PEG being higher than any of the ionic liquids tested. Although the carbapalladacycle complex also decomposes in PEG upon reaction, the resulting Pd nanoparticles (2-5 nm size) are stabilized by PEG acting as ligand. In this way, a reusable, homogeneous system in PEG has been developed that is able to effect the Suzuki and Sonogashira couplings without the need of copper and phosphorous ligands, working at the open air.
- Corma, Avelino,García, Hermenegildo,Leyva, Antonio
-
-
Read Online
- Designed Synthesis of Atom-Economical Pd/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticle-Based Catalysts for Sonogashira Coupling Reactions
-
We synthesized Ni/Pd core/shell nanoparticles from the consecutive thermal decomposition of metal-surfactant complexes. The nanoparticle catalyst was atom-economically applied for various Sonogashira coupling reactions. Copyright
- Son, Seung Uk,Jang, Youngjin,Park, Jongnam,Na, Hyon Bin,Park, Hyun Min,Yun, Hyung Joong,Lee, Jouhahn,Hyeon, Taeghwan
-
-
Read Online
- Designed synthesis of Au/Ag/Pd trimetallic nanoparticle-based catalysts for sonogashira coupling reactions
-
Pdnp and Pd containing trimetallic nanoparticles (tnp) are synthesized by chemical methodwith cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the capping agent. Compositionally, four different tnp are prepared and the particle sizes are characterized by UV-vis spectra,
- Venkatesan,Santhanalakshmi
-
-
Read Online
- Novel scorpionate-type triscarbene ligands and their silver and gold complexes
-
New silver(I) carbene complexes were obtained starting from the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand precursors {[HB(RImH)3]Br2} (R = Bn, Mes and t-Bu) and {[HC(MeBImH)3](BF4)3}, by treatment of the imidazolium salt with Ag2O. Use of the tris-imidazolylborate precursors resulted in stable, well-characterized trimetallic complexes of general formula {Ag3[HB(RIm)3]2}Br, which were successfully employed as carbene transfer reagents in the synthesis of related gold(I) complexes by transmetallation. The silver complexes also proved to be active catalysts of the coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes (the Sonogashira reaction), although related bimetallic silver complexes were found to exhibit enhanced reactivity.
- Biffis, Andrea,Lobbia, Giancarlo Gioia,Papini, Grazia,Pellei, Maura,Santini, Carlo,Scattolin, Elena,Tubaro, Cristina
-
-
Read Online
- Nano–silica supported palladium catalyst: Synthesis, characterization and application of its activity in Sonogashira cross–coupling reactions
-
This study deals about preparation of palladium(II) complex of 3,5–bis(2–benzothiazolyl)pyridine supported on nano silica functionalized with trimethoxysilylpropyl chloride, Pd(II)Cl2–BTP@TMSP–nSiO2. The synthesized heterogeneous cat
- Dehbanipour, Zahra,Moghadam, Majid,Tangestaninejad, Shahram,Mirkhani, Valiollah,Mohammadpoor-Baltork, Iraj
-
-
Read Online
- A Waste-Minimized Approach to Cassar-Heck Reaction Based on POLITAG-Pd0 Heterogeneous Catalyst and Recoverable Acetonitrile Azeotrope
-
Three different Pd0-based heterogeneous catalysts were developed and tested in the Cassar–Heck reaction (i. e., copper-free Sonogashira reaction) aiming at the definition of a waste minimized protocol. The cross-linked polymeric supports used in this investigation were designed to be adequate for different reaction media and were decorated with different pincer-type ionic ligands having the role of stabilizing the formation and dimension of palladium nanoparticles. Among the ionic tags tested, bis-imidazolium showed the best performances in terms of efficiency and durability of the metal catalytic system. Eventually, aqueous acetonitrile azeotrope was selected as the reaction medium as it allowed the best catalytic efficiency combined with easy recovery and reuse. Finally, the synergy between the selected catalyst and reaction medium allowed to obtain highly satisfactory isolated yields of a variety of substrates while using a low amount of metal catalyst. The high performance of the designed POLymeric Ionic TAG (POLITAG)-Pd0, along with its good selectivity achieved in a copper-free process, also led to a simplified purification procedure allowing the minimization of the waste generated as also proven by the very low E-factor values (1.4–5) associated.
- Valentini, Federica,Ferlin, Francesco,Tomarelli, Elena,Mahmoudi, Hamed,Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba,Calamante, Massimo,Vaccaro, Luigi
-
p. 3359 - 3366
(2021/07/28)
-
- Pd supported on clicked cellulose-modified magnetite-graphene oxide nanocomposite for C-C coupling reactions in deep eutectic solvent
-
Cellulose-modified magnetite-graphene oxide nanocomposite was prepared via click reaction and utilized for immobilization of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles without using additional reducing agent. The abundant OH groups of cellulose provided the uniform dispersion and high stability of Pd nanoparticles, while magnetite-graphene oxide as a supporting material offered high specific surface area and easy magnetic separation. The as-prepared nanocomposite served as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions in various hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as sustainable and environmentally benign reaction media. Among the fifteen DESs evaluated for coupling reactions, the hydrophilic DES composed of dimethyl ammonium chloride and glycerol exhibited the best results. Due to the low miscibility of catalyst and DES in organic solvents, the separated aqueous phase containing both of the catalyst and DES can be readily recovered by evaporating water and retrieved eight times with negligible loss of catalytic performance.
- Karimi, Sabah,Masteri-Farahani, Majid,Niakan, Mahsa,Shekaari, Hemayat
-
-
- Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbine Silver(I) and Palladium(II) Complexes with Acylated Piperazine Linker and Catalytic Activity in Three Types of C—C Coupling Reactions
-
Two bis-imidazolium salts LH2·Cl2 and LH2·(PF6)2 with acylated piperazine linker and two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes [L2Ag2](PF6)2 (1) and [L2Pd2Cl4] (2) were prepared. The crystal structures of LH2·Cl2 and 1 were confirmed by X-ray analysis. In 1, one 26-membered macrometallocycle was generated through two silver(I) ions and two bidentate ligands L. The catalytic activity of 2 was investigated in Sonogashira, Heck-Mizoroki and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The results displayed that these C—C coupling reactions can be smoothly carried out under the catalysis of 2.
- Liu, Qingxiang,Zhang, Xiantao,Zhao, Zhixiang,Li, Xinying,Zhang, Wei
-
supporting information
p. 605 - 613
(2021/02/01)
-
- An efficient nanocluster catalyst for Sonogashira reaction
-
Pd together with CuI has been well known as the catalyst towards Sonogashira reaction, which provides an effective route to functional alkynes. However, the achievement of high activity and selectivity of this catalytic system is still challenging in some cases. Illustrative examples include their low activity for aryl chloride substrates, and switched selectivity to oxidative coupling products in air atmosphere. In this work, a Cu-incorporated Au13 nanocluster [Au13Cu2(PPh3)6(SC2H4Ph)6]+[NO3]- (Au13Cu2) was designed and prepared in high yield via rapid synthesis. This atomically precise nanocluster shows the potential to be a novel catalytic system for Sonogashira reaction, featuring high activity and selectivity, as well as good recyclability even in air atmosphere.
- Chen, Cheng,Chen, Li,Li, Man-Bo,Luo, Gen,Lv, Qi-Long,Wu, Zhikun,Xu, Guo-Yong,Yang, Jinlong,Yang, Ying,Ye, Sun-Feng,Yuan, Jinyun
-
p. 206 - 213
(2021/08/16)
-
- Glycosyl Triazole Ligand for Temperature-Dependent Competitive Reactions of Cu-Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling and Glaser Coupling
-
Glycosyl triazoles have been introduced as efficient ligands for the Cu-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction to overcome the challenges of sideways homocoupling reactions in Cu catalysis in this reaction. The atmospheric oxygen in a sealed tube did not affect t
- Mishra, Nidhi,Singh, Sumit K.,Singh, Anoop S.,Agrahari, Anand K.,Tiwari, Vinod K.
-
p. 17884 - 17895
(2021/12/17)
-
- Si-Gly-CD-PdNPs as a hybrid heterogeneous catalyst for environmentally friendly continuous flow Sonogashira cross-coupling
-
We have reported a waste-minimized protocol for the Sonogashira cross-coupling exploiting the safe use of a CPME/water azeotropic mixture and the utilization of a heterogeneous hybrid palladium catalyst supported onto a silica/β-cyclodextrin matrix in con
- Cravotto, Giancarlo,Ferlin, Francesco,Martina, Katia,Menzio, Janet,Sciosci, Daniele,Vaccaro, Luigi,Valentini, Federica
-
supporting information
p. 7210 - 7218
(2021/09/28)
-
- Xantphos-coordinated palladium dithiolates: Highly efficient catalyst for decarboxylative Sonogashira reaction into corresponding alkynes
-
This work reports Xantphos-coordinated palladium dithiolate complexes as catalysts for decarboxylative Sonogashira coupling reaction of phenyl propiolic acid and 2-butynoic acid with various iodoarenes. These palladium aryl dithiolate complexes were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, melting point, and elemental analysis (CHNS). Synthetic utility for the reported protocol is explored for the effect of various functional groups on the yield of corresponding heteroaryl alkynes. The current protocol showed excellent catalytic activity towards decarboxylative alkynylation reaction with high turn-over number (TON) up to 105 and turn-over frequency (TOF) up to 104 h?1. The catalyst could be recycled up to six recycles without losing its catalytic activity. The in situ generation of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) was observed after the third recycle, and the amount was significant after the sixth recycle, which were confirmed and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The catalytic activity of the reaction is attributed to the formation of PdNPs.
- Lokolkar, Manjunath S.,Mane, Pravin A.,Dey, Sandip,Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.
-
-
- Palladium-catalyzed decarbonylative sonogashira coupling of terminal alkynes with carboxylic acids
-
A direct decarbonylative Sonogashira coupling of terminal alkynes with carboxylic acids was achieved through palladium catalysis. This reaction did not use overstoichiometric oxidants, thus overcoming the homocoupling issue of terminal alkynes. Under the reaction conditions, a wide range of carboxylic acids including those bioactive ones could couple readily with various terminal alkynes, thus providing a relative general method for preparing internal alkynes.
- Chen, Tieqiao,Huang, Tianzeng,Li, Chunya,Li, Wenhui,Li, Xinyi,Li, Zhaohui,Liu, Long,Tang, Zhi,Zhang, Tao
-
supporting information
p. 3304 - 3309
(2021/05/31)
-
- Copper(0) nanoparticle catalyzed Z-Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Internal Alkynes
-
The use of copper(0) nanoparticles in the transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes has been investigated as a lead-free alternative to Lindlar catalysts. A stereo-selective methodology for the hydrogenation of internal alkynes to the corresponding (Z)-alkenes in high isolated yields (86% average) has been developed. This green and sustainable transfer hydrogenation protocol relies on non-noble copper nanoparticles for reduction of both electron-rich and electron-deficient, aliphatic-substituted and aromatic- substituted internal alkynes. Polyols, such as ethylene glycol and glycerol, have been proven to act as hydrogen sources, and excellent stereo- and chemoselectivity have been observed. Enabling technologies, such as microwave and ultrasound irradiation are shown to enhance heat and mass transfer, whether used alone or in combination, resulting in a decrease in reaction time from hours to minutes. (Figure presented.).
- Moran, Maria Jesus,Martina, Katia,Bieliunas, Vidmantas,Baricco, Francesca,Tagliapietra, Silvia,Berlier, Gloria,De Borggraeve, Wim M.,Cravotto, Giancarlo
-
supporting information
p. 2850 - 2860
(2021/05/06)
-
- Shuttling Catalyst: Facilitating C?C Bond Formation via Cross-Couplings with a Thermoresponsive Polymeric Ligand
-
A poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linked ortho-MeO-phenyldicyclohexylphosphine (MeO-WePhos) ligand has been synthesized to promote Pd-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation by cross-couplings including Sonogashira, Heck, Hiyama and Stille reactions, providing corresponding (hetero)aryl substituted alkynes, alkenes and bi(hetero)aryls in good to excellent isolated yields with low Pd loadings. Facilitated by the lower critical solution temperature behaviour of the polymeric monophosphine ligand, the metal-complex could rapidly shuttle between organic and water phases as regulated by temperature, enabling highly efficient catalyst recycling via a simple phase separation. The chemical structure of ligand was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and size-exclusion chromatography measurements. Notably, as demonstrated by the inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry measurement, 98% Pd was kept in the water phase after 6 cycles of catalyst recycling experiments. Given the profound impact of transition-metal-catalyzed covalent bond formation and the increasing demand of sustainable chemistry, this work provides an alternative method to conduct cross-couplings with a polymeric shuttling catalyst.
- Wang, Erfei,Zhang, Jiawei,Zhong, Zhuoran,Chen, Kaixuan,Chen, Mao
-
p. 419 - 423
(2020/01/08)
-
- A new approach to large scale production of dimethyl sulfone: A promising and strong recyclable solvent for ligand-free Cu-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions
-
Dimethyl sulfone (DMSN) was easily prepared through efficient oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and used as a strong and green solvent for organic reactions. A mixture of HNO3/NaOCl was used as an oxidizing agent for efficient oxidation of DMSO to DMSN. The effect of DMSN was evaluated for copper-catalyzed coupling reactions. It is worth noting that DMSN could play the role of a ligand for copper ions. A general survey was accomplished for various types of C-C cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by CuI in DMSN in the absence of any ligand. Moderate to good yields were achieved for Sonogashira, Heck, and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Finally, DMSN was recovered and reused for several consecutive runs without any loss of its activity.
- Cheng, Shen,Wei, Wei,Zhang, Xingyu,Yu, Hewei,Huang, Mingming,Kazemnejadi, Milad
-
p. 2069 - 2076
(2020/04/07)
-
- Designing Homogeneous Copper-Free Sonogashira Reaction through a Prism of Pd-Pd Transmetalation
-
Simultaneous introduction of two different palladium (pre)catalysts, one tuned to promote oxidative addition to (hetero)aryl bromide and another to activate terminal alkyne substrate, leads to productive Pd-Pd transmetalation, subsequent reductive elimina
- Martek, Bruno A.,Gazvoda, Martin,Urankar, Damijana,Ko?mrlj, Janez
-
supporting information
p. 4938 - 4943
(2020/05/19)
-
- Ruthenium-Catalyzed E-Selective Alkyne Semihydrogenation with Alcohols as Hydrogen Donors
-
Selective direct ruthenium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of diaryl alkynes to the corresponding E-alkenes has been achieved using alcohols as the hydrogen source. The method employs a simple ruthenium catalyst, does not require external ligands, and affords the desired products in > 99% NMR yield in most cases (up to 93% isolated yield). Best results were obtained using benzyl alcohol as the hydrogen donor, although biorenewable alcohols such as furfuryl alcohol could also be applied. In addition, tandem semihydrogenation-alkylation reactions were demonstrated, with potential applications in the synthesis of resveratrol derivatives.
- Ekebergh, Andreas,Begon, Romain,Kann, Nina
-
p. 2966 - 2975
(2020/03/04)
-
- Sustainable Ligand-Free Heterogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reaction in Deep Eutectic Solvents
-
The commercially available and cheap Pd/C was found to promote Sonogashira couplings in the environmentally friendly choline chloride/glycerol eutectic mixture in the absence of external ligands. Under heterogeneous conditions, (hetero)aryl iodides were successfully coupled with both aromatic and aliphatic alkynes in yields ranging from 50 to 99 % within 3 h at 60 °C. The aforementioned catalytic system proved to be effective also towards electron-rich iodides, which are notoriously known to be poorly reactive in Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions. The eutectic mixture and the catalyst could easily and successfully be recycled up to four times with an E-factor as low as 24.4.
- Messa, Francesco,Dilauro, Giuseppe,Perna, Filippo M.,Vitale, Paola,Capriati, Vito,Salomone, Antonio
-
p. 1979 - 1984
(2020/02/20)
-
- (E)-N-(pyren-1-ylmethylene)benzenamine: efficient promoter for additive-free palladium catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of arylboronic acids and terminal alkynes
-
Abstract: A highly productive protocol for the synthesis of internal alkynes by the carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions of electronically different arylboronic acids with substituted phenylacetylenes was described by employing (E)-N-(pyren-1-ylmethylene)benzenamine with Pd(OAc)2. The influence of reaction parameters such as solvent, base and reaction temperature in this carbon–carbon cross-coupling reaction was also investigated. The substrate scope could be expanded to electron-poor alkynes, for which the conventional Sonogashira reaction gives poor yields. Moderate to excellent yield was obtained in the oxidative Sonogashira-type coupling reaction. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Lakshmipraba, Jagadeesan,Prabhu, Rupesh Narayana,Dhayabaran, Victor Violet
-
p. 3661 - 3669
(2020/04/21)
-
- Anthracen-9-ylmethylene-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine: efficient promoter for silver-free palladium-catalyzed aerobic oxidative Sonogashira reactions
-
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of unsymmetrical substituted diarylacetylenes by the C(sp2)–C(sp) cross-coupling reactions of substituted phenylacetylenes and electronically different arylboronic acids has been developed. Anthracen-9-ylmethylene-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine was employed as an efficient promoter in this Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative Sonogashira reaction in air in the absence of silver salt under optimized reaction conditions. The impact of reaction parameters such as solvent, base, reaction temperature and time in this silver-free aerobic oxidative Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction was also evaluated. Electron-deficient phenylacetylenes, which are sluggish coupling partners in the traditional Sonogashira reaction, underwent coupling in this protocol. The catalytic system is inexpensive, effortlessly attainable and highly flexible for functionalized phenylacetylenes and arylboronic acids. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
- Lakshmipraba, Jagadeesan,Prabhu, Rupesh Narayana,Dhayabaran, Victor Violet
-
p. 325 - 331
(2020/04/15)
-
- New (NHC)Pd(II)(PPh3) complexes: synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and its application on Sonogashira and Mizoroki–Heck cross-coupling reactions
-
In this study, new six Pd-based complexes containing mixture N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands were synthesized from the reaction of the (NHC)PdI2(pyridine) with PPh3. The new (NHC)PdI
- Erdemir, Fato?,Akta?, Ayd?n,Barut Celepci, Duygu,G?k, Yetkin
-
-
- Ni(acac)2/2,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridine/CuI: A highly efficient palladium-free homogeneous catalyst for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction
-
A highly efficient palladium-free homogeneous catalyst involving Ni(acac)2/2,6-bis(diphenylphosphino)pyridine ((Ph2P)2py)/CuI components was used for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The Sonogashira reaction was in
- Ataei, Ali,Daryanavard, Marzieh,Joshaghani, Mohammad,Rafiee, Ezzat
-
-
- Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Arenediazonium Salts with Alkynoic Acids
-
Abstract: The reaction of simple alkynoate salts with isolated arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts that had been pre-conditioned with the gold(I) catalyst AuCl(Me2S) led to the formation of cross-coupled products via a decarboxylative Sonogashira reaction process in modest yield and under mild conditions. The major by-product is a defunctionalized aryl moiety stemming from the diazonium salt, which competitively forms via hydrodediazonation. Good functional group tolerance and reaction site selectivity were attained in this limited investigation.
- Abrams, J. N.,Chi, B. K.
-
p. 1236 - 1244
(2020/09/17)
-
- Palladium/copper-cocatalyzed decarbonylative alkynylation of acyl fluorides with alkynylsilanes: Synthesis of unsymmetrical diarylethynes
-
Palladium/copper-cocatalyzed decarbonylative alkynylation of acyl fluorides with alkynylsilanes is described. This reaction not only effectively inhibits the formation of undesired homocoupled products by avoiding the addition of a base, but also exhibits a wide substrate scope to provide a general access to diverse unsymmetrical diarylethynes.
- Chen, Qiang,Fu, Liyan,Nishihara, Yasushi
-
supporting information
p. 7977 - 7980
(2020/09/09)
-
- Benzimidazolyl Palladium Complexes as Highly Active and General Bifunctional Catalysts in Sustainable Cross-Coupling Reactions
-
A family of air- A nd moisture-stable dinuclear palladium complexes bearing 2-benzimidazolyl ligands is reported and shown to be a highly effective and general catalytic platform in diverse cross-coupling reactions. The rigidity and conformation of the ligand scaffold was readily modified via tethering of the 2-benzimidazolyl moiety to diamine ligands, resulting in significant changes in catalytic activity. Under optimal conditions, Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira-type couplings of aryl bromides can all be performed efficiently with good functional group compatibility using only 0.1 mola?% of catalyst, in aqueous or alcohol solvents. Experimental evidence highlights the importance of the bifunctional character of the ligand for catalytic activity, where the basic N-functionality in the ligand framework is proposed to accelerate (trans)metalation steps via intramolecular assistance.
- Zhu, Jiancheng,Lindsay, Vincent N. G.
-
p. 6993 - 6998
(2019/08/26)
-
- Preparation and catalytic properties of the triphenylarsine and triphenylstibine-stabilized tri-heteroleptic NHC–Pd?allyl complexes
-
A series of triphenylarsine and triphenylstibine-stabilized tri-heteroleptic NHC–Pd?allyl complexes were synthesized and characterized. The solid-state structures of the complexes shown mononuclear carbene palladium complexes, in which, each palladium cen
- Yang, Jin
-
-
- Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by the baclofen drug to immobilize palladium nanoparticles and catalyze Sonogashira coupling reactions
-
The baclofen-MWCNTs-Pd nanocatalyst was synthesized through covalent grafting of baclofen molecules onto surface-modified carbon nanotubes and immobilizing Pd nanoparticles by the baclofen ligands. The chemical structure of the produced nanocatalyst was s
- Nazari, Pooneh,Hekmati, Malak
-
-
- Bis-salophen palladium complex immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles as a highly active and durable phosphine-free catalyst for Heck and copper-free Sonogashira coupling reactions
-
New Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles functionalized by a bis-salophen Schiff base Pd complex were synthesized and employed as an efficient magnetic nanocatalyst in the Heck and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions. The synthesized nanostructures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (CHN), cyclic voltammetry (CV), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), and UV-vis spectroscopy. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were investigated by FE-SEM and TEM analyses. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of the catalyst were investigated by VSM analysis. The loading content and leaching amounts of palladium on the catalyst were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. Also, the thermal behavior of this magnetic heterogeneous catalyst was studied using a TGA instrument. This heterogeneous catalytic system showed a good performance in the coupling of aryl halides with alkynes (Sonogashira reaction) as well as aryl halides with alkene derivatives (Heck reaction). High to excellent yields were achieved for these C-C coupling reactions. The catalyst can be simply separated from the reaction media by an external magnet and reused for eight consecutive runs without any significant loss of activity. Finally, the kinetics of the reactions were studied in this work.
- Sardarian, Ali Reza,Kazemnejadi, Milad,Esmaeilpour, Mohsen
-
p. 3132 - 3145
(2019/03/06)
-
- Imidazolium chloride-Co(iii) complex immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2 as a highly active bifunctional nanocatalyst for the copper-, phosphine-, and base-free Heck and Sonogashira reactions
-
A heterogeneous, magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2@Im[Cl]Co(iii)-melamine nanocomposite was prepared by immobilization of a novel Co(iii) Schiff base complex on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles followed by treatment with melamine, and was found to be an efficient catalyst for the Heck and Sonogashira reactions. The reactions were performed in the presence of the catalyst (0.5 mol% Co) along with Mn additive in the absence of any base, phosphine ligand, or Cu/co-catalyst in ethanol under reflux conditions. The nanocatalyst was well studied by FTIR, CHN, XRD, XPS, TGA, EDX, VSM, ICP, NMR, FE-SEM, TEM, BET, CV, and DLS analyses. The catalyst was compatible with a variety of substrates, with which all the Heck and Sonogashira coupling products were obtained in high to excellent yields. Also, protocols such as hot filtration, three-phase testing, and mercury poisoning provided a complete insight into the nature of the heterogeneous catalyst. The recycling and reuse of the catalyst were studied for both coupling reactions several times. Moreover, the mechanism of the coupling reactions was entirely investigated.
- Kazemnejadi, Milad,Alavi, Seyyedeh Ameneh G.,Rezazadeh, Zinat,Nasseri, Mohammad Ali,Allahresani, Ali,Esmaeilpour, Mohsen
-
p. 1718 - 1734
(2019/04/08)
-
- Green, cost-effective and efficient procedure for Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions using palladium nanoparticles supported on functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 by polyvinyl alcohol as a highly active, durable and reusable catalyst
-
A novel heterogenized organometallic catalyst was synthesized by coordinating palladium with polyvinyl alcohol-functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanospheres. This novel catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The prepared palladium nanoparticles supported on polyvinyl alcohol functionalized Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully applied as a magnetically recyclable catalyst in Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions in water. They showed remarkable activity toward aryl halides (I, Br, Cl) using very low palladium loading in excellent yields and demonstrated high TONs (mmol of product per mmol of catalyst). Also, the catalyst could be magnetically separated and reused seven times without any appreciable loss of catalytic activity.
- Sardarian, Ali Reza,Eslahi, Hassan,Esmaeilpour, Mohsen
-
-
- Alkynyl?B(dan)s in Various Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon?Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions Leading to Internal Alkynes, 1,4-Enynes, Ynones, and Multiply Substituted Alkenes
-
It was found that the C(sp)?B(dan) bond of alkynyl?B(dan)s can be directly used for palladium-catalyzed carbon?carbon bond-forming reactions with aryl(alkenyl) halides and allylic carbonates as electrophiles, thus delivering unsymmetrical internal alkynes and unconjugated 1,4-enynes, respectively. With acyl chlorides as electrophiles, ynone synthesis is also promoted by a palladium catalyst with the assistance of a copper co-catalyst. These reactions can be achieved as more convenient one-pot reactions, without isolating the alkynyl?B(dan) formed in situ by the zinc-catalyzed dehydrogenative borylation of alkynes with HB(dan). In addition to direct C(sp)?B(dan) bond transformations, the C≡C bond in an alkynyl?B(dan) proved to be a promising scaffold for the construction of a multisubstituted alkene, which is synthesized by diboration of the C≡C?B(dan) moiety, leading to a triborylalkene followed by iterative regio- and stereoselective Suzuki?Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. As one example, the synthesis of the ethene with four different aryl groups, p-MeC6H4, p-MeOC6H4, p-NCC6H4, and p-F3CC6H4, was attained in high overall yield of 64% in six steps starting from the terminal alkyne, p-MeC6H4C≡CH. Besides these synthetic applications of the alkynyl?B(dan), the scope of the alkynyl substrate in the zinc-catalyzed dehydrogenative borylation was expanded to enhance the reliability as a provider of the alkynyl?B(dan). Consequently, 42 alkynes were found to participate in the dehydrogenative borylation as substrates; these are alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, heteroaryl-, ferrocenyl-, silyl-, and borylalkynes, with or without a variety of functional groups. Lastly, a new method for preparing HB(dan), as a sulfide-free, cost-saving, and reaction-time-saving route, is disclosed. (Figure presented.).
- Tani, Tomohiro,Sawatsugawa, Yuuki,Sano, Yusuke,Hirataka, Yo,Takahashi, Naomi,Hashimoto, Sadahiro,Sugiura, Tetsuya,Tsuchimoto, Teruhisa
-
p. 1815 - 1834
(2019/03/07)
-
- Functionalized graphene oxide anchored to Ni complex as an effective recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira coupling reactions
-
The Sonogashira cross coupling reaction is an applied method for preparation of diarylethyne compounds from readily available aryl halide derivatives and phenyl acetylene. The coupling reaction using nickel complex of N,N′-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediami
- Naeimi, Hossein,Kiani, Fatemeh
-
-
- A palladium catalyzed aryl alkyne preparation method
-
The invention discloses a palladium catalyzed aryl alkyne of the preparation method, comprises the following steps: in the catalyst, under the action of the ligand and alkali, substituted with aryl sulfonyl chloride alkynoic occurs in the organic solvent escapes suosuo the coupling reaction, after the reaction is finished after treatment to obtain the aryl alkyne. Used in the preparation method of the cheap raw material, the reaction and simple post treatment operation, at the same time, the reaction less side reaction, high yield of the product.
- -
-
Paragraph 0037; 0038; 0039
(2019/05/21)
-
- Preparation method of aryl alkyne catalyzed by visible light
-
The invention discloses a simple and convenient method for directly synthesizing an aryl alkyne compound through photoredox catalysis. Aryl fluoroborate diazoate is used as an aryl free radical source, and different types of aryl alkyne are synthesized in situ through a decarboxylation process. A reaction has good functional group tolerability, and a simple domestic visible light source can be used for synthesizing the aryl alkyne of different functional groups under mild, neutral and transition-free metal reaction conditions.
- -
-
Paragraph 0050-0053
(2019/11/13)
-
- Visible Light-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkynylation of Arenediazonium Salts with Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids: Direct Access to Aryl Alkynes by Organic Photoredox Catalysis
-
A convenient method mediated by photoredox catalysis is developed for the direct construction of aryl alkynes. Readily available aromatic diazonium salts have been utilized as the aryl radical source to couple alkynyl carboxylic acids to feature the decarboxylative arylation. A wide range of substrates are amenable to this protocol with broad functional group tolerance, and diversely-functionalized aryl alkynes could be synthesized under mild, neutral and transition metal-free reaction conditions using visible light irradiation. Alongside synthetic sustainability associated with the photocatalytic and transition metal-free operation, another key point of this method is that the organic dye catalyst acts as an excited-state reductant, thus establishing the quenching cycle for radical addition and decarboxylative elimination. (Figure presented.).
- Yang, Liangfeng,Li, Haifeng,Du, Yijun,Cheng, Kai,Qi, Chenze
-
p. 5030 - 5041
(2019/11/03)
-
- Chemoselective Oxidation of Equatorial Alcohols with N-Ligated λ3-Iodanes
-
The site-selective and chemoselective functionalization of alcohols in complex polyols remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Whereas significant advancements have been made in selective derivatization at the oxygen center, chemoselective oxidation to the corresponding carbonyls is less developed. In cyclic systems, whereas the selective oxidation of axial alcohols is well known, a complementary equatorial selective process has not yet been reported. Herein we report the utility of nitrogen-ligated (bis)cationic λ3-iodanes (N-HVIs) for alcohol oxidation and their unprecedented levels of selectivity for the oxidation of equatorial over axial alcohols. The conditions are mild, and the simple pyridine-ligated reagent (Py-HVI) is readily synthesized from commercial PhI(OAc)2 and can be either isolated or generated in situ. Conformational selectivity is demonstrated in both flexible 1,2-substituted cyclohexanols and rigid polyol scaffolds, providing chemists with a novel tool for chemoselective oxidation.
- Mikhael, Myriam,Adler, Sophia A.,Wengryniuk, Sarah E.
-
supporting information
p. 5889 - 5893
(2019/08/26)
-
- Pd-Catalyzed decarboxylative alkynylation of alkynyl carboxylic acids with arylsulfonyl hydrazides via a desulfinative process
-
In the presence of a Pd(ii)/P-ligand catalytic system, decarboxylative alkynylation of alkynyl carboxylic acids and arylsulfonyl hydrazides by desulfinative coupling could provide aryl alkynes in satisfactory yields by either judiciously selecting palladium catalysts or modulating phosphine ligands under mild conditions. The reported coupling reactions are very practical as they do not require the protection of inert gas or oxygen and are tolerant to many functional groups.
- Chang, Sheng,Liu, Ying,Yin, Shu Zhu,Dong, Lin Lin,Wang, Jian Feng
-
supporting information
p. 5357 - 5362
(2019/04/04)
-
- Catalytic Activation of Trimethylsilylacetylenes: A One-Pot Route to Unsymmetrical Acetylenes and Heterocycles
-
For the synthesis of unsymmetrical acetylenes, a Sonogashira coupling-deprotection-Sonogashira coupling reaction sequence is often used. Removal of protecting groups requires harsh conditions or an excess of difficult to handle and expensive reagents. Herein, we disclose a novel catalytic method for the selective deprotection of trimethylsilylacetylenes in Sonogashira reaction. The reagent hexafluorosilicic acid, an inexpensive nontoxic compound, was used to promote the selective desilylation. This method enables the efficient synthesis of unsymmetric acetylenes with other silylated functional groups present. Further possibilities of the method were explored by synthesis of heterocycles.
- Lasányi, Dániel,Mészáros, ádám,Novák, Zoltán,Tolnai, Gergely L.
-
p. 8281 - 8291
(2018/06/11)
-
- Organosilane-Patterned Paper-based Colorimetric Sensors for High-Throughput Screening of Cross-Coupling Reactions with Aryl Bromides
-
An organosilane-patterned paper-based colorimetric sensor for bromides was developed using the 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR)-Hg2+ complex and patterned hydrophobic paper. The red color of the (PAR)-Hg2+ spot was converted to yellow by ligand exchange between PAR and added bromide ions. This paper-based sensor was applied to detect the extent of conversion of aryl bromides in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions such as Stille, Suzuki, Heck, direct arylation and decarboxylative coupling. A good correlation was demonstrated between the conversion of paper-based sensor and conversion of gas chromatography. (Figure presented.).
- Son, Yujeong,Lee, Suji,Kim, Han-Sung,Eom, Min Sik,Han, Min Su,Lee, Sunwoo
-
supporting information
p. 3916 - 3923
(2018/10/24)
-
- Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II)-PPh3 complexes under copper free and aerobic conditions
-
NHC-Pd-PPh3 complexes with the bulky benzyladamantyl substited N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) were synthesized and characterised by NMR, HRMS and micro analyse. These complexes were proceeded to Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction between aryl
- Dehimat, Zineb Imene,Ya?ar, Sedat,Tebbani, Dahmane,?zdemir, ?smail
-
p. 325 - 334
(2017/09/29)
-
- Ferrocenyl bisoxazoline as an efficient non-phosphorus ligand for palladium-catalyzed copper-free Sonogashira reaction in aqueous solution
-
Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions of alkynes and a variety of aryl halides with 1,3-bis(5-ferrocenylisoxazoline-3-yl)benzene as an efficient non-phosphorus ligand under copper-free conditions are presented. The main advantages over previous methodologies include low catalyst loading (0.2 mol% Pd(OAc)2 and 0.4 mol% ferrocenyl bisoxazoline ligand are sufficient for these coupling reactions), less problematic reaction medium (water–dimethylformamide) and more convenient operation (no requirement for nitrogen protection).
- Yu, Shuyan,Wu, Jingxin,He, Xinwei,Shang, Yongjia
-
-
- Preparation and Reactivation of Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts and Applications in Sonogashira, Suzuki, and Heck Reactions in Aqueous Media
-
A new type of heterogeneous palladium catalyst, PdMgAl-LDH, was facilely prepared by the immobilization of Pd2+ species in the layers of a Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) with co-precipitation, and then fully characterized by using powder XRD, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. These catalysts can efficiently catalyze copper-free Sonogashira, Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions of various aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides in aqueous media under phosphine-ligand- and organic-base-free conditions. These catalysts feature easy recovery through simple filtration and could be reused at least six times without a marked loss in activity. Notably, they can be facilely reactivated by a combination of nitrolysis with co-precipitation. The basic LDH skeletons could effectively stabilize the Pd0 species created in situ and donate electron density to the Pd0 center to facilitate the oxidative addition of aryl halides, thus the PdMgAl-LDH catalysts are stable during catalysis.
- Zhang, Sheng-Yan,Yu, Kai,Guo, Yu-Shuang,Mou, Rui-Qi,Lu, Xiao-Fan,Guo, Dian-Shun
-
p. 803 - 813
(2018/10/31)
-
- Palladium nanoparticles immobilized on EDTA-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 nanospheres as an efficient and magnetically separable catalyst for Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions
-
In this study, a novel heterogeneous palladium catalyst was synthesized by anchoring palladium onto ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-coated Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanocomposite and used for the Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The properties of the magnetic catalyst were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, DLS EDX, XPS, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis, TGA, VSM, elemental analysis and the loading level of Pd in catalyst was measured to be 0.51?mmol/g by ICP. The catalyst was used in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides, including less reactive chlorobenzenes with phenylboronic acid without any additive or ligand under green conditions. Furthermore, we have reported this recyclable catalytic system for Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides (I, Br, Cl) under copper and ligand-free conditions in the presence of DMF/H2O (1:2/v:v) as a solvent. The magnetic catalyst could also be separated by an external magnet and reused six times without any significant loss of activity.
- Esmaeilpour, Mohsen,Zahmatkesh, Saeed,Fahimi, Nafiseh,Nosratabadi, Mehran
-
-
- Synthesis, crystal structures, and application of two new pincer type palladium(II)-Schiff base complexes in C-C cross-coupling reactions
-
Two new pincer type Pd(II)-Schiff base complexes of the general formula [PdL1(PPh3)] 1 and [PdL2(PPh3)] 2, (where L1 = 2-(2,3-Dihydroxybenzylideneamino)phenolate and L2 = 2-(2,3-dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamidate) were synthesised by the reaction of the palladium acetate with the corresponding ligand in methanol as yellow crystalline solids in high yields. Both complexes were fully characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The crystal structures confirmed the tridentate nature of the pincer type Schiff base ligands and the distorted square planar geometry around the metal centre in both cases. The triphenylphosphine acted as an auxiliary ligand and occupied the fourth coordination site at palladium. The complexes were found to be efficient homogenous catalysts for a series of Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck-Mizoroki and Sonogashira reactions at a low catalyst loading (0.08 mol%), and without the use of any additives. All organic products were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR studies.
- Agrahari, Bhumika,Layek, Samaresh,Anuradha,Ganguly, Rakesh,Pathak, Devendra D.
-
p. 345 - 354
(2017/12/01)
-
- Efficient and green catalytic system incorporating new benzimidazolium salts for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction
-
A number of novel benzimidazole salts were synthesized and their structures were determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and infrared spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. A catalyst system consisting of Pd(OAc)2 and copper nanoparticles in the presence of Cs2CO3 and incorporating the novel benzimidazole salts in poly(ethylene glycol) solvent significantly improved the yields of Sonogashira reactions between aryl halides and phenylacetylene under microwave irradiation in 10?min.
- Yavuz, Kemal,Kü?ükbay, Hasan
-
-
- Novel oxime-palladacycle supported on clay composite as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Sonogashira reaction
-
A novel supported catalyst formed by an oxime-derived palladacycle supported on clay OxPdCy@clay is synthesized and characterized. This palladium composite promotes the Sonogashira reaction of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with terminal alkynes in polyethylene glycol200 at 85 or 130 °C using 0.05–0.1 mol% of palladium loading under copper and phosphine free conditions. This supported palladacycle, OxPdCy@clay, showed a superior catalytic activity than dimeric oxime-palladacycles. Mechanistic studies about the heterogeneous or homogeneous nature of the catalyst show that catalyst is working mainly under heterogeneous conditions. This supported palladacycle OxPdCy@clay can be recycled by simple centrifugation and reused for at least nine consecutive runs with small decrease in activity.
- Gholinejad, Mohammad,Dasvarz, Neda,Nájera, Carmen
-
p. 262 - 270
(2018/09/06)
-
- Recyclable cellulose-palladium nanoparticles for clean cross-coupling chemistry
-
Cheap, recyclable, and robust cellulose-palladium nanoparticles were developed and fully characterized by FTIR, TEM, XPS, TGA, and NMR. The nanoparticles enabled cross-coupling chemistry in a truly general fashion i.e., Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck, Sonogashira, and C-H activation. Notably, all types of transformations were achieved with a single type of nanocatalyst. Complete recyclability of the catalyst and low traces of palladium in the product demonstrates the greenness of the protocol.
- Lu, Zhichao,Jasinski, Jacek B.,Handa, Sachin,Hammond, Gerald B.
-
supporting information
p. 2748 - 2752
(2018/04/27)
-
- N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II) complex based on theophylline supported on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles: Highly active, durable and magnetically separable catalyst for green Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reactions
-
In this paper, a novel heterogeneous palladium catalyst was synthesized by anchoring N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II) complex based on theophylline on magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized magnetic composite was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibration sample magnetometry (VSM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis (BET), UV–vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Also, loading content of palladium on the catalyst was measured by inductive coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. The synthesized catalyst was used successfully for the Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides (I, Br, Cl) with phenylboronic acids. This reaction was best performed in water as a green solvent in the presence of just 0.37–0.5 mol% of the catalyst at 60 °C. Also, we have reported this recyclable catalytic system as a stable phosphine-free Pd catalyst for the Sonogashira cross-coupling of aryl halides (I, Br, Cl) with terminal aromatic and aliphatic alkynes under solvent-free conditions. All coupling reactions proceeded with good to excellent yields. The catalyst showed good stability and was recovered and reused for eight reaction cycles without a significant loss in its catalytic activity. Also, the leaching of the catalyst has been examined by a hot filtration test and ICP-AES analysis.
- Esmaeilpour, Mohsen,Sardarian, Ali Reza,Firouzabadi, Habib
-
-
- Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction catalysed by mixed NHC-Pd-PPh3 complexes under copper free conditions
-
Mixed NHC–Pd–PPh3 complexes with a methoxyethyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) were synthesised and characterised by NMR, HRMS, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography for complex 3b. These complexes were applied to Sonogashira c
- Touj, Nedra,Ya?ar, Sedat,?zdemir, Nam?k,Hamdi, Naceur,?zdemir, ?smail
-
-
- Tri(1-naphthyl)phosphine as a ligand in palladium-free Sonogashira cross-coupling of arylhalogenides with acetylenes
-
Tri(1-naphthyl)phosphine (Np3P) has been easily prepared in 34% yield from red phosphorus and 1-bromonaphthalene in the superbasic system t-BuONa/DMSO. The expedient procedures for the synthesis of aryl acetylenes by Sonogashira coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes using Np3P as a ligand have been developed. For the first time, it is found that the reaction with compounds containing electron-donating substituents preferably affords buta-1,3-diynes.
- Govdi, Anastasiya I.,Vasilevsky, Sergey F.,Malysheva, Svetlana F.,Kazheva, Olga N.,Dyachenko, Oleg A.,Kuimov, Vladimir A.
-
-
- Palladium-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions of Propiolic Acid Derivatives and Arylsulfonyl Hydrazide
-
Arylsulfonyl hydrazides were employed as coupling partners for the decarboxylative coupling reaction of propiolic acid derivatives. When the reaction was conducted using Pd(TFA) 2 (1.0 mol%), dppp (1.0 mol%), and Cu(OAc) 2 (2.4 equiv
- Park, Jaerim,Song, Kwang Ho,Lee, Sunwoo
-
p. 3197 - 3204
(2018/08/12)
-
- Sonogashira (Cu and amine free) and Suzuki coupling in air catalyzed: Via nanoparticles formed in situ from Pd(ii) complexes of chalcogenated Schiff bases of 1-naphthaldehyde and their reduced forms
-
The reaction of 1-naphthaldehyde with 2-(phenylthio/seleno)ethylamine afforded air- and moisture-insensitive Schiff bases: C10H7-1-CHN-CH2CH2EPh (L1: E = S; L2: E = Se). Then, on treatment with NaOAc and Li2PdCl4, palladacycles, [Pd(L1-H/L2-H)Cl] (1/2) were formed at room temperature, in which L1/L2 are ligated as an unsymmetric (C-, N, E) pincer. The reduction of >CN bonds of L1 and L2 with sodium borohydride gave C10H7-1-CH2NH-CH2CH2EPh (L3: E = S; L4: E = Se). The reactions of L3/L4 at room temperature, similar to those of L1/L2, resulted in the formation of complex [Pd(L3/L4)Cl2] (3/4), in which the ligand is coordinated in a bidentate (N, E) mode. The yield of all the complexes was >85%. Characterization by HR-MS, 1H, 13C{1H} and 77Se{1H} NMR spectra of L1-L4 and their complexes 1-4 were performed. The structures of L1 and 1-4 were established with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In all the complexes, the geometry of palladium was distorted square planar. The Pd-S bond distances in 1 and 3 were 2.426(12) and 2.259(2) ?, respectively, whereas Pd-Se bond lengths (?) were 2.523(11) (2) and 2.369(10) (4) ?. The catalytic activities of 1-4 were explored for copper- and amine-free Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (SMC) of aryl halides under aerobic conditions. The amount of catalyst required for achieving good conversion was 0.01 and 0.05 mol% for SMC and Sonogashira coupling, respectively. The conversion of some substrates reached a maximum in 1 and 2 h for Sonogashira coupling and SMC, respectively. The palladacycles as catalysts gave good conversion efficiency. The generation of palladium-containing nanoparticles (NPs) during both coupling reactions was observed. These were isolated and HR-TEM studies were performed on them and revealed their size as ~2-7 nm. The SEM-EDX analysis indicated the presence of organochalcogen ligands or their fragments in the samples. They independently catalyzed both reactions. Therefore, the role of 1-4 in catalysis undoubtedly exists. For Sonogashira coupling, the formation and role of such Pd-based NPs under aerobic conditions were observed for the first time. The complexes 1-4 showed the potential for reuse, as in the eighth cycle, conversion dropped by only 20%.
- Bhaskar, Renu,Sharma, Alpesh K.,Yadav, Manoj K.,Singh, Ajai K.
-
p. 15235 - 15248
(2017/11/22)
-
- Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with pramipexole for immobilization of palladium nanoparticles and investigation of catalytic activity in the Sonogashira coupling reaction
-
Pramipexole drug was attached to the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by reaction of acylated carbon nanotubes with pramipexole for the first time. The modified MWCNTs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, tran
- Abbasi, Sahar,Hekmati, Malak
-
-