- Synthesis of novel 6-substituted amino-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine analogs and their bioactivities on human epithelial cancer cells
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New nucleoside derivatives with nitrogen substitution at the C-6 position were prepared and screened initially for their in vitro anticancer bioactivity against human epithelial cancer cells (liver Huh7, colon HCT116, breast MCF7) by the NCI-sulforhodamine B assay. N6-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine analog (27) exhibited promising cytotoxic activity. The compound 27 was more cytotoxic (IC50 = 1–4 μM) than 5-FU, fludarabine on Huh7, HCT116 and MCF7 cell lines. The most potent nucleosides (11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 21, 27, 28) were further screened for their cytotoxicity in hepatocellular cancer cell lines. The compound 27 demonstrated the highest cytotoxic activity against Huh7, Mahlavu and FOCUS cells (IC50 = 1, 3 and 1 μM respectively). Physicochemical properties, drug-likeness, and drug score profiles of the molecules showed that they are estimated to be orally bioavailable. The results pointed that the novel derivatives would be potential drug candidates.
- Tuncbilek, Meral,Kucukdumlu, Asl?gul,Guven, Ebru Bilget,Altiparmak, Duygu,Cetin-Atalay, Rengul
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- Use of a 13C atom to differentiate two 15N-labeled nucleosides
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We report the first examples of the specifically 15N and 13C multilabeled nucleosides: [1,NH2-15N2]- and [2-13C-1,NH2-15N2-]- guanosine; [1,7,NH2-15N3]- and [2-13C-1,7,NH2-15N3]-2'- deoxyguanosine. In each set, the [13C] atom functions as a 'tag' that allows the N1 and N2 15N atoms of two 15N-labeled guanines to be unambiguously differentiated in RNA and DNA fragments. The syntheses employ high-yield reactions in which protecting groups are not required and use relatively low cost sources of isotopes: [15N]-ammonium chloride and [15N]- or [13C,15N]-potassium cyanide.
- Zhao,Pagano,Wang,Shallop,Gaffney,Jones
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- Diimidazo[1,2-c:4',5'-e]pyrimidines: N6-N1 conformationally restricted adenosines
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Tethering the N6-substituents of N6-substituted adenosines to N1 has resulted in a series of conformationally restricted adenosine analogues. The resultant diimidazo[1,2-c:4',5'-e]pyrimidines were shown to be adenosine A1 selective.
- Camp, David,Li, Ying,McCluskey, Adam,Moni, Roger W.,Quinn, Ronald J.
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- Structure-Guided Tuning of a Selectivity Switch towards Ribonucleosides in Trypanosoma brucei Purine Nucleoside 2′-Deoxyribosyltransferase
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The use of nucleoside 2′-deoxyribosyltransferases (NDTs) as biocatalysts for the industrial synthesis of nucleoside analogues is often hindered by their strict preference for 2′-deoxyribonucleosides. It is shown herein that a highly versatile purine NDT from Trypanosoma brucei (TbPDT) can also accept ribonucleosides as substrates; this is most likely because of the distinct role played by Asn53 at a position that is usually occupied by Asp in other NDTs. Moreover, this unusual activity was improved about threefold by introducing a single amino acid replacement at position 5, following a structure-guided approach. Biophysical and biochemical characterization revealed that the TbPDTY5F variant is a homodimer that displays maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 6.5 and shows a remarkably high melting temperature of 69 °C. Substrate specificity studies demonstrate that 6-oxopurine ribonucleosides are the best donors (inosine>guanosine?adenosine), whereas no significant preferences exist between 6-aminopurines and 6-oxopurines as base acceptors. In contrast, no transferase activity could be detected on xanthine and 7-deazapurines. TbPDTY5F was successfully employed in the synthesis of a wide range of modified ribonucleosides containing different purine analogues.
- Del Arco, Jon,Mills, Alberto,Gago, Federico,Fernández-Lucas, Jesús
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p. 2996 - 3000
(2019/11/11)
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- Bio-catalytic synthesis of unnatural nucleosides possessing a large functional group such as a fluorescent molecule by purine nucleoside phosphorylase
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Unnatural nucleosides are attracting interest as potential diagnostic tools, medicines, and functional molecules. However, it is difficult to couple unnatural nucleobases to the 1′-position of ribose in high yield and with β-regioselectivity. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP, EC2.4.2.1) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyses the conversion of inosine to ribose-1α-phosphate and free hypoxanthine in phosphate buffer with 100% α-selectivity. We explored whether PNP can be used to synthesize unnatural nucleosides. PNP catalysed the reaction of thymidine as a ribose donor with purine to produce 2′-deoxynebularine (3, β form) in high conversion (80%). It also catalysed the phosphorolysis of thymidine and introduced a pyrimidine base with a halogen atom substituted at the 5-position into the 1′-position of ribose in moderate yield (52-73%), suggesting that it exhibits loose selectivity. For a bulky purine substrate [e.g., 6-(N,N-di-propylamino)], the yield was lower, but addition of a polar solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) increased the yield to 74%. PNP also catalysed the reaction between thymidine and uracil possessing a large functional fluorescent group, 5-(coumarin-7-oxyhex-5-yn) uracil (C4U). Conversion to 2′-deoxy-[5-(coumarin-7-oxyhex-5-yn)] uridine (dRC4U) was drastically enhanced by DMSO addition. Docking simulations between dRC4U and E. coli PNP (PDB 3UT6) showed the uracil moiety in the active-site pocket of PNP with the fluorescent moiety at the entrance of the pocket. Thus, the bulky fluorescent moiety has little influence on the coupling reaction. In summary, we have developed an efficient method for producing unnatural nucleosides, including purine derivatives and modified uracil, using PNP.
- Hatano, Akihiko,Wakana, Hiroyuki,Terado, Nanae,Kojima, Aoi,Nishioka, Chisato,Iizuka, Yu,Imaizumi, Takuya,Uehara, Sanae
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p. 5122 - 5129
(2019/10/05)
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- Synthesis of Nucleosides through Direct Glycosylation of Nucleobases with 5-O-Monoprotected or 5-Modified Ribose: Improved Protocol, Scope, and Mechanism
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Simplifying access to synthetic nucleosides is of interest due to their widespread use as biochemical or anticancer and antiviral agents. Herein, a direct stereoselective method to access an expansive range of both natural and synthetic nucleosides up to a gram scale, through direct glycosylation of nucleobases with 5-O-tritylribose and other C5-modified ribose derivatives, is discussed in detail. The reaction proceeds through nucleophilic epoxide ring opening of an in situ formed 1,2-anhydrosugar (termed “anhydrose”) under modified Mitsunobu reaction conditions. The scope of the reaction in the synthesis of diverse nucleosides and other 1-substituted riboside derivatives is described. In addition, a mechanistic insight into the formation of this key glycosyl donor intermediate is provided.
- Downey, A. Michael,Pohl, Radek,Roithová, Jana,Hocek, Michal
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p. 3910 - 3917
(2017/03/27)
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- PROBE FOR IMAGING PARP-1 ACTIVITY
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Provided are embodiments of a small molecule tracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the enzyme activity of PARP-1 that is responsible for DNA-damage sensing and critically involved in radiation therapy and some chemotherapy response mechanisms. These PARP-1 tracers are derivatives of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is the natural substrate for PARP-1. Provided are NAD derivatives that include a linker moiety to which may be attached a label moiety such as a PET detectable fluorine to generate a 6N-(triazo-PEG2-18F)-NAD. Especially advantageous for use in PET and MRI scanning detection systems is the attachment of a chelating agent that allows for the formation of a chelator-metal ion complex.
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- Direct One-Pot Synthesis of Nucleosides from Unprotected or 5-O-Monoprotected d -Ribose
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New, improved methods to access nucleosides are of general interest not only to organic chemists but to the greater scientific community as a whole due their key implications in life and disease. Current synthetic methods involve multistep procedures employing protected sugars in the glycosylation of nucleobases. Using modified Mitsunobu conditions, we report on the first direct glycosylation of purine and pyrimidine nucleobases with unprotected d-ribose to provide β-pyranosyl nucleosides and a one-pot strategy to yield β-furanosides from the heterocycle and 5-O-monoprotected d-ribose.
- Downey, A. Michael,Richter, Celin,Pohl, Radek,Mahrwald, Rainer,Hocek, Michal
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supporting information
p. 4604 - 4607
(2015/09/28)
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- Flow-Synthesis of Nucleosides Catalyzed by an Immobilized Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophila: Integrated Systems of Reaction Control and Product Purification
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A purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Aeromonas hydrophyla (AhPNP) was covalently immobilized in a pre-packed stainless steel column containing aminopropylsilica particles via Schiff base chemistry upon glutaraldehyde activation. The resulting AhPNP-IMER (Immobilized Enzyme Reactor, immobilization yield ≈50%) was coupled on-line through a 6-way switching valve to an HPLC apparatus containing an analytical or a semi-preparative chromatographic column. The synthesis of five 6-modified purine ribonucleosides was carried out by continuously pumping the reaction mixture through the AhPNP-IMER until the highest conversion was reached, and then directing the reaction mixture to chromatographic separation. The conditions of the AhPNP-catalyzed transglycosylations (2:1 ratio sugar donor:base acceptor; 10 mM phosphate buffer; pH 7.5; temperature 37 °C, flow rate 0.5 mL min-1) were optimized by a fractional factorial experimental design. Coupling the bioconversion step with the product purification in such an integrated platform resulted in a fast and efficient synthetic process (yield=52-89%; 10 mg) where sample handling was minimized. To date, AhPNP-IMER has retained completely its activity upon 50 reactions in 10 months.
- Calleri, Enrica,Cattaneo, Giulia,Rabuffetti, Marco,Serra, Immacolata,Bavaro, Teodora,Massolini, Gabriella,Speranza, Giovanna,Ubiali, Daniela
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p. 2520 - 2528
(2015/08/18)
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- α,β-Methylene-ADP (AOPCP) Derivatives and Analogues: Development of Potent and Selective ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Inhibitors
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ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (eN, CD73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular AMP to adenosine. eN inhibitors have potential for use as cancer therapeutics. The eN inhibitor α,β-methylene-ADP (AOPCP, adenosine-5′-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid]) was used as a lead structure, and derivatives modified in various positions were prepared. Products were tested at rat recombinant eN. 6-(Ar)alkylamino substitution led to the largest improvement in potency. N6-Monosubstitution was superior to symmetrical N6,N6-disubstitution. The most potent inhibitors were N6-(4-chlorobenzyl)- (10l, PSB-12441, Ki 7.23 nM), N6-phenylethyl- (10h, PSB-12425, Ki 8.04 nM), and N6-benzyl-adenosine-5′-O-[(phosphonomethyl)phosphonic acid] (10g, PSB-12379, Ki 9.03 nM). Replacement of the 6-NH group in 10g by O (10q, PSB-12431) or S (10r, PSB-12553) yielded equally potent inhibitors (10q, 9.20 nM; 10r, 9.50 nM). Selected compounds investigated at the human enzyme did not show species differences; they displayed high selectivity versus other ecto-nucleotidases and ADP-activated P2Y receptors. Moreover, high metabolic stability was observed. These compounds represent the most potent eN inhibitors described to date.
- Bhattarai, Sanjay,Freundlieb, Marianne,Pippel, Jan,Meyer, Anne,Abdelrahman, Aliaa,Fiene, Amelie,Lee, Sang-Yong,Zimmermann, Herbert,Yegutkin, Gennady G.,Str?ter, Norbert,El-Tayeb, Ali,Müller, Christa E.
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p. 6248 - 6263
(2015/08/24)
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- Structure-activity relationship of adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose at the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel: Rational design of antagonists
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Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADPR) activates TRPM2, a Ca 2+, Na+, and K+ permeable cation channel. Activation is induced by ADPR binding to the cytosolic C-terminal NudT9-homology domain. To generate the first structure-activity relationship, systematically modified ADPR analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as antagonists using patch-clamp experiments in HEK293 cells overexpressing human TRPM2. Compounds with a purine C8 substituent show antagonist activity, and an 8-phenyl substitution (8-Ph-ADPR, 5) is very effective. Modification of the terminal ribose results in a weak antagonist, whereas its removal abolishes activity. An antagonist based upon a hybrid structure, 8-phenyl-2′-deoxy-ADPR (86, IC50 = 3 μM), is more potent than 8-Ph-ADPR (5). Initial bioisosteric replacement of the pyrophosphate linkage abolishes activity, but replacement of the pyrophosphate and the terminal ribose by a sulfamate-based group leads to a weak antagonist, a lead to more drug-like analogues. 8-Ph-ADPR (5) inhibits Ca2+ signalling and chemotaxis in human neutrophils, illustrating the potential for pharmacological intervention at TRPM2.
- Moreau, Christelle,Kirchberger, Tanja,Swarbrick, Joanna M.,Bartlett, Stephen J.,Fliegert, Ralf,Yorgan, Timur,Bauche, Andreas,Harneit, Angelika,Guse, Andreas H.,Potter, Barry V. L.
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p. 10079 - 10102
(2014/01/17)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationship investigation of adenosine-containing inhibitors of histone methyltransferase DOT1L
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Histone3-lysine79 (H3K79) methyltransferase DOT1L has been found to be a drug target for acute leukemia with MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene translocations. A total of 55 adenosine-containing compounds were designed and synthesized, among which several potent DOT1L inhibitors were identified with Ki values as low as 0.5 nM. These compounds also show high selectivity (>4500-fold) over three other histone methyltransferases. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds for their inhibitory activities against DOT1L are discussed. Potent DOT1L inhibitors exhibit selective activity against the proliferation of MLL-translocated leukemia cell lines MV4;11 and THP1 with EC50 values of 4-11 μM. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies showed that two representative inhibitors bind with a high affinity to the DOT1L:nucleosome complex and only compete with the enzyme cofactor SAM (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) but not the substrate nucleosome.
- Anglin, Justin L.,Deng, Lisheng,Yao, Yuan,Cai, Guobin,Liu, Zhen,Jiang, Hong,Cheng, Gang,Chen, Pinhong,Song, Yongcheng,Dong, Shuo
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p. 8066 - 8074,9
(2020/09/15)
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- Aeromonas hydrophila strains as biocatalysts for transglycosylation
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Microbial transglycosylation is useful as a green alternative in the preparation of purine nucleosides and analogues, especially for those that display pharmacological activities. In a search for new transglycosylation biocatalysts, two Aeromonas hydrophila strains were selected. The substrate specificity of both micro-organisms was studied and, as a result, several nucleoside analogues have been prepared. Among them, ribavirin, a broad spectrum antiviral, and the well-known anti HIV didanosine, were prepared, in 77 and 62% yield using A. hydrophila CECT 4226 and A. hydrophila CECT 4221, respectively. In order to scale-up the processes, the reaction conditions, product purification and biocatalyst preparation were analyzed and optimized.
- Nbile, Matas,Terreni, Marco,Lewkowicz, Elizabeth,Iribarren, Adolfo M.
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experimental part
p. 395 - 402
(2011/10/08)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a bivalent μ opiate and adenosine A1 receptor antagonist
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The cross talk between different membrane receptors is the source of increasing research. We designed and synthesized a new hetero-bivalent ligand that has antagonist properties on both A1 adenosine and μ opiate receptors with a Ki of 0.8 ± 0.05 and 0.7 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. This hybrid molecule increases cAMP production in cells that over express the μ receptor as well as those over expressing the A1 adenosine receptor and reverses the antalgic effects of μ and A1 adenosine receptor agonists in animals.
- Mathew, Smitha C.,Ghosh, Nandita,By, Youlet,Berthault, Aurelie,Virolleaud, Marie-Alice,Carrega, Louis,Chouraqui, Gaelle,Commeiras, Laurent,Condo, Jocelyne,Attolini, Mireille,Gaudel-Siri, Anouk,Ruf, Jean,Parrain, Jean-Luc,Rodriguez, Jean,Guieu, Regis
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scheme or table
p. 6736 - 6739
(2010/06/14)
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- Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected halopurine nucleosides in water - Influence of catalyst and cosolvent
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Reaction conditions for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of unprotected halopurine nucleosides with arylboronic acids in aqueous media were investigated. A series of arylated purine nucleosides was prepared in water without an organic cosolvent, using either Pd(PPh3)4 or Pd(OAc)2/TPPTS as the catalyst. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Collier, Alice,Wagner, Gerd K.
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p. 3713 - 3721
(2007/10/03)
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- The nucleoside transport proteins, NupC and NupG, from Escherichia coli: Specific structural motifs necessary for the binding of ligands
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A series of 46 natural nucleosides and analogues (mainly adenosine-based) were tested as inhibitors of [U-14C]uridine uptake by the concentrative, H+-linked nucleoside transport proteins NupC and NupG from Escherichia coli. The two evolutionarily unrelated transporters showed similar but distinct patterns of inhibition, revealing differing selectivities for the different nucleosides and their analogues. Binding of nucleosides to NupG required the presence of hydroxyl groups at each of the C-3′ and C-5′ positions of ribose, while binding to NupC required only the C-3′ hydroxyl substituent. The greater importance of the ribose moiety for binding to NupG is consistent with the evolutionary relationship between this protein and the oligosaccharide: H+ symporter (OHS) subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of transporters. For both proteins the natural α-configuration at C-3′ and the natural β-configuration at C-1′ was mandatory for ligand binding. N-7 in the imidazole ring of adenosine and the amino group at C-6 were found not to be important for binding and both transporters showed flexibility for substitution at C-6/N6; one or both of N-l and N-3 were important for adenosine analogue binding to NupC but significantly less so for binding to NupG. From the different effects of 8-bromoadenosine on the two transporters it appears that adenosine selectively binds to NupC in an anti- rather than a syn-conformation, whereas NupG is less prescriptive. The pattern of inhibition of NupC by differing nucleoside analogues confirmed the functional relationship of the bacterial transporter to members of the human concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) family and reaffirmed the use of the bacterial protein as an experimental model for these physiologically and clinically important mammalian proteins. The specificity data for NupG have been used to develop a homology model of the protein's binding site, based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of the disaccharide transporter LacY from E. coli. We have also developed an efficient general protocol for the synthesis of adenosine and three of its analogues, which is illustrated by the synthesis of [1′-13C]adenosine.
- Patching, Simon G.,Baldwin, Stephen A.,Baldwin, Alexander D.,Young, James D.,Gallagher, Maurice P.,Henderson, Peter J. F.,Herbert, Richard B.
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p. 462 - 470
(2007/10/03)
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- PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF NUCLEOSIDES
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The present invention relates to a production method of a nucleoside compound represented by the formula [II] which includes subjecting a 2',3',5'-triacyloxynucleoside compound represented by the formula [I] to deacylation using alkali metal hydroxide in a 0.01- to 0.5-fold amount in a molar ratio relative to the 2',3',5'-triacyloxynucleoside compound. According to the present invention, a production method of a nucleoside compound of the formula [II] which suppresses a by-product, and a production method of a nucleoside derivative which utilizes this method can be provided. In addition, the present invention relates to oxidation of a nucleoside compound represented by the formula (1) in the presence of a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy catalyst, and hypochlorite or hypobromite, while adjusting pH to fall within the range of 5-9, and further, extracting a nucleoside-carboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (2) into an organic solvent under acidic conditions, back-extracting the compound from the organic solvent into an aqueous alkali solution, and neutralizing the aqueous alkali solution by adding an acid thereto to allow precipitation of a crystal. Thus, a highly pure particular nucleoside-carboxylic acid compound or a salt thereof can be produced by a method suitable for industrial production: wherein each symbol is as defined in the Description.
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Page/Page column 18
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis, Biological Activity and Molecular Modeling of 6-Benzylthioinosine Analogues as Subversive Substrates of Toxoplasma gondii Adenosine Kinase
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Toxoplasma gondii is the most common cause of secondary CNS infections in immunocompromised persons such as AIDS patients. The major route of adenosine metabolism in T. gondii is direct phosphorylation to adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) catalyzed by the enzyme adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20). Adenosine kinase in T. gondii is significantly more active than any other purine salvage enzyme in this parasite and has been established as a potential chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. Subversive substrates of T. gondii, but not the human, adenosine kinase are preferentially metabolized to their monophosphorylated forms and become selectively toxic to the parasites but not their host. 6-Benzylthioinosine (BTI) was identified as an excellent subversive substrate of T. gondii adenosine kinase. Herein, we report the synthesis of new analogues of BTI as subversive substrates for T. gondii adenosine kinase. These new subversive substrates were synthesized starting from tribenzoyl protected D-ribose. To accomplish the lead optimization process, a divergent and focused combinatorial library was synthesized using a polymer-supported trityl group at the 5′-position. The combinatorial library of 20 compounds gave several compounds more active than BTI. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that substitution at the para position plays a crucial role. To investigate the reasons for this discrimination, substrates with different substituents at the para position were studied by molecular modeling using Monte Carlo Conformational Search followed by energy minimization of the enzyme-ligand complex.
- Yadav, Vikas,Chu, Chung K.,Rais, Reem H.,Al Safarjalani, Omar N.,Guarcello, Vincenzo,Naguib, Fardos N. M.,El Kouni, Mahmoud H.
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p. 1987 - 1996
(2007/10/03)
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- Anti-HCV nucleoside derivatives
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The present invention comprises novel and known purine and pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives which have been discovered to be active against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The use of these derivatives for the treatment of HCV infection is claimed as are the novel nucleoside derivatives disclosed herein.
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- Nucleic acid related compounds. 116. Nonaqueous diazotization of aminopurine nucleosides. Mechanistic considerations and efficient procedures with tert-butyl nitrite or sodium nitrite
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Nonaqueous diazotization-dediazoniation of two types of aminopurine nucleoside derivatives has been investigated. Treatment of 9-(2,3,5-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-amino-6-chloropurine (1) with SbCl3/CH2Cl2 was examined with benzyltriethylammonium (BTEA) chloride as a soluble halide source and tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) or sodium nitrite as the diazotization reagent. Optimized yields (>80%) of the 2,6-dichloropurine derivative were obtained with SbCl3. Combinations with SbBr3/CH2Br2 gave the 2-bromo-6-chloropurine product (>60%), and SbI3/CH2I2/THF gave the 2-iodo-6-chloropurine derivative (>45%). Antimony trihalide catalysis was highly beneficial. Mixed combinations (SbX3/CH2X′2; X/X′ = Bt/Cl) gave mixtures of 2-(bromo, chloro, and hydro)-6- chloropurine derivatives that were dependent on reaction conditions. Addition of iodoacetic acid (IAA) resulted in diversion of purine radical species into a 2-iodo-6-chloropurine derivative with commensurate loss of other radical-derived products. This allowed evaluation of the efficiency of SbX3-promoted cation-derived dediazoniations relative to radical-derived reactions. Efficient conversions of adenosine, 2′-deoxyadenosine, and related adenine nucleosides into 6-halopurine derivatives of current interest were developed with analogous combinations.
- Francom, Paula,Janeba, Zlatko,Shibuya, Susumu,Robins, Morris J.
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p. 6788 - 6796
(2007/10/03)
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- Adenosine derivatives and pharmaceutical composition thereof
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The present invention relates to novel adenosine derivatives having the formula (I): STR1 wherein R is a lower alkyl group; R' is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; X is a cycloalkyl group, an alkyl group having at least one hydroxy group, an alkyl group having at least one phenyl group, a bicycloalkyl group, a naphthylalkyl group, an acenaphthylenylalkyl group or a group of the formula (II) or (III); STR2 Z is hydrogen, a hydroxy group or a lower alkoxy group, Q is hydrogen or a hydroxy group, A is --CH2 --, --O--, --S-- or shows a direct connection; Y is --(CH2)n -- or shows a direct connection; n is an integer of 1 to 3; and the broken line is a double bond or a single bond. and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which are useful as antihypertensive agents.
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- N-(6)-substituted adenosine compounds
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The present invention relates to N-(6)-substituted adenosine compounds of the formula STR1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Z is an amine and R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, alkyl, phenyl, alkoxy, morpholino, piperidino, piperazino, phenoxy, thiophenoxy or amino optionally substituted by alkyl, aralkyl or phenyl.
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- Method of treating gastrointestinal motility disorders
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The present invention relates to a method of treating gastro- intestinal motility disorders of a mammal by administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a N(6) substituted adenosine compound of the general formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
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- Methods of making novel R and S diastereomers of N6 -[(2-hydroxypropyl)aryl]adenosines
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A method of making novel R and S diastereomers of an N6 -[(2-hydroxypropyl)aryl] adenosine, which diastereomers exhibit fewer CNS side effects than the racemate, but with no decrease in cardiovascular activity.
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- Novel adenosine derivatives and pharmaceutical composition containing them as an active ingredient
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Novel adenosine compounds of the formula (I): STR1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; X is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, an amino group or halogen; and Y is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, exhibit utility as antihypertensive agents.
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- Dog Coronary Artery Adenosine Receptor: Structure of the N6-Alkyl Subregion
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The moderately potent and stereoselective coronary vasoactivity of N6-adenosine (1) is the basis for the present study that maps the N6 region of the coronary artery adenosine receptor by means of the structure-coronary vasoactivity relationships of 81 analogues of 1 in the open-thorax dog.Stereoselectivity is a general property of N6-substituted adenosines that have a chiral center adjacent to N6.The activity ratio of 1 to its S diastereomer is 10, the result of the positive interaction with the receptor of the propyl C-3 group of the Rdiastereomer in combination with the steric hindrance exerted by this group of the S diastereomer.Replacing the benzyl moiety of 1 by an ethyl, phenyl, phenethyl, or naphthyl group lowers potency of the R diastereomer and, accordingly, the R/S ratio.Propyl C-1 interacts with a receptor region large enough to accommodate three methylene residues and the propyl C-3 residue with a separate region large enough to accommodate two.The receptor subregion that interacts with the propyl C-1 of 1 is more tolerant of bulk and of polar substituents than the subregion that interacts with propyl C-3.Evidence bearing on the possible contribution of N6 to activity, e.g. through hydrogen bonding, is ambiguous.These results support a provisional model of the N6-alkyl subregion.
- Kusachi, Shozo,Thompson, Robert D.,Bugni, William J.,Yamada, Nobuyuki,Olsson, R. A.
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p. 1636 - 1643
(2007/10/02)
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