A Michael Equilibration Model to Control Site Selectivity in the Condensation toward Aminopyrazoles
A Michael equilibration model is presented to provide for site-selective pyrazole condensations between alkoxyacrylonitriles and hydrazines. Both pyrazole isomers were accessed with high selectivity by employment of kinetically or thermodynamically controlled conditions. Substrate scope and identification of Michael intermediates, as well as competitive pathways, support the presented mechanistic proposal. Sandmeyer derivatization provided site-selective access to fully substituted pyrazoles.
Fandrick, Daniel R.,Sanyal, Sanjit,Kaloko, Joseph,Mulder, Jason A.,Wang, Yuwen,Wu, Ling,Lee, Heewon,Roschangar, Frank,Hoffmann, Matthias,Senanayake, Chris H.
supporting information
p. 2964 - 2967
(2015/06/30)
Organoruthenium antagonists of human A3 adenosine receptors
Human A3 adenosine receptor (hA3AR) is a membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptor implicated in a number of severe pathological conditions, including cancer, in which it acts as a potential therapeutic target. To derive structure-activity relationships on pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine (PTP)-based A3AR antagonists, we developed a new class of organometallic inhibitors through replacement of the triazolo moiety with an organoruthenium fragment. The objective was to introduce by design structural diversity into the PTP scaffold in order to tune their binding efficacy toward the target receptor. These novel organoruthenium antagonists displayed good aquatic stability and moderate binding affinity toward the hA3 receptor in the low micromolar range. The assembly of these complexes through a template-driven approach with selective ligand replacement at the metal center to control their steric and receptor-binding properties is discussed. Scaffold design: A novel class of ruthenium(II)-arene complexes containing chelating N,N-pyrazolo-pyrimidine ligands was rationally developed to be selective antagonists of human A3 adenosine receptors based on the proven pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine design (see figure). Copyright