- Structure-property relationships in metallosurfactants
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The morphology of micelles formed by three sub-classes of metallosurfactants - those with macrocyclic, linear and gemini head groups - has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) for a series of metal- and counter-ions. All the data may be described by a model that invokes a globular micelle morphology in which the dimensions of the micelle are consistent with the known chemical structure of the constituent groups within the metallosurfactant. For two macrocyclic head group metallosurfactants, viz. 1-(2-hydroxy-tetradecyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclonane that forms predominantly spherical micelles and 1-(2-hydroxy-tetradecyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclononane that forms disc-like micelles, the metal ion and its counter-ion have a negligible effect on the morphology of the micelle. Binary mixtures of surfactants with these two macrocyclic head groups (with homo- or hetero-metal ions/counter-ions) form mixed micelles whose morphology is an average of the two single component micelles. Further, as found for the single surfactant solutions, the metal and counter-ion had no effect on the morphology of the mixed surfactant micelle. Lastly, the micelle morphology of two gemini surfactants was also shown to be insensitive to the number and nature of the metal and counter-ions present, but sensitive to the structure of the head group. These observations considerably extend our understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and micelle morphology for these interesting molecules.
- Griffiths, Peter C.,Fallis, Ian A.,James, Craig,Morgan, Ian R.,Brett, Gemma,Heenan, Richard K.,Schweins, Ralf,Grillo, Isabelle,Paul, Alison
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Read Online
- Absorbent solution based on beta-hydroxylated tertiary diamines and method of removing acid compounds from a gaseous effluent
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An absorbent solution is provided for removing acid compounds contained in a gaseous effluent and a method of removing acid compounds contained in a gaseous effluent contacts the gaseous effluent with the absorbent solution. The absorbent solution includes at least one of the following two nitrogen compounds belonging to the family of tertiary diamines: 1-dimethylamino-3-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-2-propanol 1,1′-oxybis[3-(dimethylamino)-2-propanol] and water.
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Page/Page column 12-13
(2018/02/28)
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- PRODUCTION METHOD OF GLYCIDYL ETHERS
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method capable of producing simply and efficiently without requiring a special catalyst or a complicated process, glycidyl ethers having a small content of halogen especially chlorine, which is useful in a field avoiding halogen. SOLUTION: There is provided a production method of glycidyl ethers in which alcohols and epihalohydrin are reacted together in the presence of an alkali catalyst. In the production method of glycidyl ethers having a small chlorine content, after charging alcohols and epihalohydrin, the reaction is progressed by adding the alkali catalyst in multistep. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0026
(2017/06/20)
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- DIGLYCIDYL ETHERS OF 2-PHENYL-1,3-PROPANEDIOL DERIVATIVES AND OLIGOMERS THEREOF AS CURABLE EPOXY RESINS
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Cured epoxy resins are widespread on account of their outstanding mechanical and chemical properties. It is common to use epoxy resins based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether or bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, but for many sectors these are problematic because of their endocrine effect. The present invention relates to 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol diglycidyl ether derivates and to curable epoxy resin compositions based thereon, as alternatives to the bisphenol A or bisphenol F diglycidyl ethers and to the epoxy resin compositions based thereon.
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Page/Page column
(2014/05/20)
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- Continuous dehydrochlorination of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol to epichlorohydrin: Process parameters and by-products formation
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The influence of pre-reactor and reactor temperatures on the conversion of 1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol and the selectivity of its transformation to epichlorohydrin in continuous dehydrochlorination for two modes of the reaction product collection was studied. The dehydrochlorination process and mechanism of diglycidyl ether formation are described.
- Krzy?anowska, Anna,Milchert, Eugeniusz
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p. 1218 - 1224
(2013/07/27)
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- Oxidative functional group transformations with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by a divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate
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A divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate TBA4[γ-PW 10O38V2(μ-OH)(μ-O)] (I, TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) reacts with one equivalent H+ to form a bis-μ-hydroxo species [γ-PW10O38V 2(μ-OH)2]3- (I′) in organic media. The strong electrophilic oxidants such as [γ-PW10O 38V2(μ-OH)(μ-OOH)]3- (II) and [γ-PW10O38V2(μ-η2: η2-O2)]3- (III) are formed by the reaction of the bis-μ-hydroxo species with H2O2. In the presence of I and H+, H2O2-based oxidations such as (i) epoxidation of alkenes (17 examples including electron-deficient ones), (ii) hydroxylation of alkanes (11 examples), and (iii) oxidative bromination of alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics with Br- as a bromo source (12 examples including chlorination) chemo-, diastereo-, and regioselectively proceed to give the corresponding oxidized products in moderate to high yields with high efficiencies of H2O2 utilization.
- Mizuno, Noritaka,Kamata, Keigo,Yamaguchi, Kazuya
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scheme or table
p. 157 - 161
(2012/06/18)
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- Efficient epoxidation of electron-deficient alkenes with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by [γ-PW10O38V2(μ-OH) 2]3-
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A divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate, [γ-PW10O 38V2(μ-OH)2]3- (I), showed the highest catalytic activity for the H2O2-based epoxidation of allyl acetate among vanadium and tungsten complexes with a turnover number of 210. In the presence of I, various kinds of electron-deficient alkenes with acetate, ether, carbonyl, and chloro groups at the allylic positions could chemoselectively be oxidized to the corresponding epoxides in high yields with only an equimolar amount of H2O2 with respect to the substrates. Even acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile could be epoxidized without formation of the corresponding amides. In addition, I could rapidly (min) catalyze epoxidation of various kinds of terminal, internal, and cyclic alkenes with H;bsubesubbsubesub& under the stoichiometric conditions. The mechanistic, spectroscopic, and kinetic studies showed that the I-catalyzed epoxidation consists of the following three steps: 1) The reaction of I with H;bsubesubbsubesub& leads to reversible formation of a hydroperoxo species [I;circbsubesubbsubesubbsubesubcirccircbsupesup& (II), 2) the successive dehydration of II forms an active oxygen species with a peroxo group [ 2:2-O2)]3- (III), and 3) III reacts with alkene to form the corresponding epoxide. The kinetic studies showed that the present epoxidation proceeds via III. Catalytic activities of divanadium-substituted polyoxotungstates for epoxidation with H 2O2 were dependent on the different kinds of the heteroatoms (i.e., Si or P) in the catalyst and I was more active than [γ-SiW10O38V2(μ-OH)2] 4-. On the basis of the kinetic, spectroscopic, and computational results, including those of [γ-SiW10O38V 2(μ-OH)2]4-, the acidity of the hydroperoxo species in II would play an important role in the dehydration reactivity (i.e., k3). The largest k3 value of I leads to a significant increase in the catalytic activity of I under the more concentrated conditions. Copyright
- Kamata, Keigo,Sugahara, Kosei,Yonehara, Kazuhiro,Ishimoto, Ryo,Mizuno, Noritaka
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scheme or table
p. 7549 - 7559
(2011/08/03)
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- Nonamphiphilic assembly in water: Polymorphic nature, thread structure, and thermodynamic incompatibility
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Self-assembly of large quantities of entirely water-soluble molecules isentropically challenging. In this work, we describe the design and synt hesis of water-soluble aromatic (dichromonyl) molecules that can form nonamphiphilic assemblies and the so-called chromonic liquid crystal phasein water. We discover a new molecule, 5′DSCG-diviol, that exhibit s a large birefringent phase, and we show that the formation of this unique class of nonamphiphilic lyotropic liquid crystal shares enormous similarity to the polymorphism observed for crystal formation. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed a concentration-independent rod-shaped assembly at concentrations below and above the formation of liquid crystal phase. Adding a small percentage of monoanionic aromatic molecules to the liquid crystal resulted in the elimination of the liquid crystal phase, but addition of dianionic aromatic molecules retained the liquid crystal phase. Together, these results suggest a new assembly structure for nonamphiphilic molecules in water, which is comprised of long threads of small molecules connected by salt bridges stacked over aromatic groups, with the molecular threads heavily hydrated with solvent water. Furthermore, mixing molecules with different structures can result in new liquid crystalline materials, or in segregation of the molecules into different solvation volumes, each of which contains only one type of molecule. The unusual thermodynamic incompatibility of entirely water-soluble molecules also supports the model of molecular threads, in which two polymer-like assemblies do not mix.
- Wu, Lei,Lal, Jyotsana,Simon, Karen A.,Burton, Erik A.,Luk, Yan-Yeung
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7430 - 7443
(2009/10/17)
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- Methods for Obtaining Optically Active Glycidyl Ethers and Optically Active Vicinal Diols from Racemic Substrates
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The invention provides yeast strains, and polypeptides encoded by genes of such yeast strains, that have enantiospecific glycidyl ether hydrolase activity. The invention also features nucleic acid molecules encoding such polypeptides, vectors containing such nucleic acid molecules, and cells containing such vectors. Also embraced by the invention are methods for obtaining optically active glycidyl ethers and associated optically active vicinal diols.
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- A novel titanosilicate with MWW structure Catalytic properties in selective epoxidation of diallyl ether with hydrogen peroxide
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The catalytic activity and selectivity of Ti-MWW in the epoxidation of diallyl ether (DAE) with hydrogen peroxide to allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) and diglycidyl ether (DGE) have been studied by a comparison with those of TS-1, and the issues concerning the consecutive reaction and the selective production of AGE have been considered. Ti-MWW catalyzed the DAE epoxidation in the presence of aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile or acetone, and produced only minor levels of solvolysis products. Ti-MWW proved to be a reusable catalyst standing up to the Ti leaching and maintaining the catalytic activity and the product selectivity in the reaction-regeneration cycles. Studies with different solvents, Ti contents, reaction times, temperature, and catalyst amounts confirmed that the DAE epoxidation was a typical consecutive reaction with AGE as an intermediate product and DGE as a secondary one. The reaction rate for AGE formation was much faster than that for DGE, making the selective production of AGE possible by controlling the reaction up to a DAE conversion level of ca. 30%.
- Wu, Peng,Liu, Yueming,He, Minyuan,Tatsumi, Takashi
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p. 183 - 191
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted 1-(4-piperidyl)-3-(aryl) isothioureas their preparation and their therapeutic application
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The invention concerns novel substituted N-benzo(thia/oxa)zines-2-yl-1-arylalkyloxyalkyl-4-piperidinamine, their preparation and their therapeutic use. The invention concerns compounds of formula (1) wherein: X represents an oxygen or sulphur atom; Y represents either an alkylene radical, branched or not and containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a CH2—CH(OH)—CH2— radical. R represents a hydrogen, an alkyl radical, branched or not and containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms; R1 to R6, identical or different, represent a hydrogen, a saturated or unsaturated alkyl, branched or not and containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a saturated or unsaturated alkyloxy, branched or not and containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a halogeno, nitro, hydroxy, acyl or acyloxy group comprising 2 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkylamino group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a trifluoro methyl or trifluoro methoxyl group; n is an integer ranging from 1 to 6 inclusively, and their pure, enantiomers or their mixtures, the therapeutically acceptable mineral and organic salts of the compounds of formula (1) and their possible hydrates.
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- ETHER-CAPPED POLY(OXYALKYLATED) ALCOHOL SURFACTANTS
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Ether-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol surfactants having superior grease cleaning abilities and improved spotting/filming benefits are provided. The alcohol surfactants have the formula R1 O[CH 2 CH(R 3)O]x [CH 2]k CH(OH)[CH 2]j]OR 2 wherein R 1 and R 2 are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; R 3 is H, or a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; x is an integer having an average value from 1 to 40, wherein when x is 2 or greater R 3 may be the same or different and k and j are integers having an average value of from 1 to 12; further wherein when x is 15 or greater and R 3 is H and methyl, at least four of R 3 are methyl, further wherein when x is 15 or greater and R 3 includes H and from 1 to 3 methyl groups, then at least one R 3 is ethyl, propyl or butyl, further wherein R 2 can optionally be alkoxylated, wherein said alkoxy is selected from ethoxy, propoxy, butyloxy and mixtures thereof.
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- Original synthesis of linear, branched and cyclic oligoglycerol standards
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A variety of authentic standards of linear, branched and cyclic oligomers of glycerol, with well-defined structures and degrees of polymerisation from 2 to 5, have been efficiently synthesised. Linear oligomers were obtained by means of a convergent approach based on regioselective opening of bis(epoxides) with solketal; branched compounds were synthesised using oxidative cleavage of the corresponding anhydrohexitols as the key step. A 6-exo-trig halocyclisation reaction involving heteroatom-tethered unsaturated alcohols permitted an efficient synthesis of the precursors of selected cyclic dimers; larger cyclic oligomers were prepared by two one-pot Williamson reactions using a ditriflate derived from diglycerol. All these methodologies permitted further scaling up.
- Cassel, Stephanie,Debaig, Catherine,Benvegnu, Thierry,Chaimbault, Patrick,Lafosse, Michel,Plusquellec, Daniel,Rollin, Patrick
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p. 875 - 896
(2007/10/03)
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- Nucleophilic opening of bis-epoxides: A new access to symmetrically functionalised macrocycles
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A series of polyhydroxylated symmetrical macrocycles has been prepared in satisfactory yield by 1:1 condensation of several bis-epoxides with various bis-nucleophiles. Preliminary results are reported, which illustrate the synthesis of crown ethers and oxa-azacrown and oxa-thiacrown compounds. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Sebban, Mohamed Faouzi,Vottero, Philippe,Alagui, Abdelhakim,Dupuy, Claude
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p. 1019 - 1022
(2007/10/03)
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- Compounds enhancing antitumor activity of other cytotoxic agents
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This invention relates to certain heterocyclic compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, which are useful for sensitizing multidrug-resistant tumor cells to anticancer agents and multidrug resistant forms of malaria, tuberculosis, leishmania and amoebic dysentery to chemotherapeutants. The compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are also inhibitors of the active drug transport capability of P-glycoprotein which is encoded by the human MDR1 gene, as well as of certain other related ATP-binding-cassette transporters from eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms (e.g., pfmdr from Plasmodium falciprum, and murine mdr1 and mdr3 gene products).
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- Method of using calcilytic compounds
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The present invention features calcilytic compounds. "Calcilytic compounds" refer to compounds able to inhibit calcium receptor activity. Also described are the use of calcilytic compounds to inhibit calcium receptor activity and/or achieve a beneficial effect in a patient; and techniques which can be used to obtain additional calcilytic compounds.
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- Compounds for the treatment of hepatoma
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Compounds of general Formula I in which the substituents of R1 -R7 are hydrogen, hydroxy group, C1-6 alkyl group, C1-6 alkoxy group, or epoxypropoxy, but at the most, six of the substituents can simultaneously be hydrogen, methoxy group, or hydroxy group, or epoxypropoxy group for activity against hepatoma. There are also described processes for the preparation of the novel compounds and useful intermediates. Substitute benzophenones are described.
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- Novel ester compound and thermosetting resin composition using the same
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An ester compound prepared by esterifying at least one OH group of a polyhydric phenol as a condensation product of a non-substituted or substituted resorcinol and a carbonyl compound with an organic carboxylic acid having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a derivative thereof, which necessarily contain an organic carboxylic polyacid having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a derivative thereof. The ester compound can be used as an epoxy resin curing agent affording a cured article having low dielectric constant, low moisture absorption and sufficient heat resistance.
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- Polyglydicylphenyl ethers of alkyloxy chains for use in microelectronics adhesives
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This invention relates to flexible epoxy resins characterized by a low ionic contamination total chlorine content less than 0.1%. The epoxy resins are liquids at room temperature, have Tg values when cured of less than or equal to 150° C., have neat resin viscosities of 25,000 cps or less at 25° C., and have a structural composition comprising an oligomeric backbone of alkyleneoxy repeat units, terminated with an aromatic moiety bearing one or more epoxy functionalities.
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- Epoxy resin, resin composition, and resin-encapsulated semiconductor device
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The stilbene epoxy resin having two different aryl groups of the following formula: wherein R1through R8independently represent acyclic or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 through 6 carbon atoms, hydrogen atom or halogen atoms, and the epoxy resin mixture including such stilbene epoxy resin according to the present invention have lower melting points than those of the stilbene epoxy resin having two identical aryl groups and the epoxy resin mixture including such stilbene epoxy resin. Compared with the conventional resins, the resin or resin mixture of the present invention accordingly has improved working and molding properties, thereby shortening the time required for the molding and working process and giving economical advantages and preferable productivity. The epoxy resin or resin mixture according to the present invention is preferably used as adhesive, coating, or insulating material, as electrical or electronic material for laminated sheets or the like, and especially as material for encapsulating electronic parts.
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- Polysaccharides containing complex hydrophobic groups
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Polysaccharides, including hydroxyethyl cellulose, having complex hydrophobic group substitution, provide latex compositions, such as paints, with improved rheology and stability. Improved processes for producing such polysaccharides are also provided.
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- Liquid crystalline compounds, liquid crystal compositions containing the same and use thereof
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Liquid crystalline compounds having an optically active γ-lactone ring of the general formula (A): STR1 wherein R1 is a group selected from the class consisting of STR2 n and e are each independently 0 or 1, R3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, said alkyl and alkenyl groups having each optionally one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, X and Y are each hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a cyano group, R2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, said alkyl and alkenyl groups having each optionally one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, and * means an asymmetric carbon atom, a liquid crystal composition Containing the same and an element for opto-electronics devices comprising the liquid crystal composition.
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- Epoxide resins derived from polycyclic phenols
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An epoxide resin having the formula (I): in which n is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 25; and A is a group having the formula II: in which Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; and A1 is an organic group required to complete an aromatic residue.
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- Epoxy resin compositions and resin-encapsulated semiconductor devices
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An epoxy resin composition which can provide cured products high in adhesion and crack resistance in soldering with high heat resistance and low moisture absorption and a semiconductor devices encapsulated with said composition are disclosed. The above epoxy resin composition comprises as essential components an epoxy resin represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 represents a halogen atom, an alkyl or cycloalkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a halogen atom and when two or more R1 are present in the same or different rings, they may be the same or different and m represents an integer of 0 to 4, and a polyhydric phenol as a curing agent.
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- Amide and hydroxymethyl functionalized polyethers as thermoplastic barrier resins
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Polyethers having improved barrier to oxygen are normally solid, thermoplastic polyethers having aromatic ether repeating units in their backbones and pendent hydroxyl moieties and pendent amido, N-substituted amido and/or hydroxyalkyl moieties. Such polyethers are prepared by reacting diglycidyl ethers of dihydric aromatic compounds such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with dihydric phenols having pendent amido, N-substituted amido and/or hydroxyalkyl moieties such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide and 3,5-dihydroxybenzamide.
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- Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and alcohols
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The present invention relates to the preparation of di-secondary alcohols comprising the reaction of an alcohol and a diglycidyl ether of a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein M is a metal from Groups IB to VIIIB or a metal or metalloid from Groups IIA to VA of the Periodic Chart of Elements or an ammonium ion or H+ or a hydronium ion and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-, AlF4-, TiF62-, SiF62- and ZrF62- to produce the di-secondary alcohol, which can then be subjected to glycidylation to produce a glycidyl ether; or the reaction of an alcohol or diol and epichlorohydrin in the presence of the foregoing catalyst, followed by ring closure employing an alkali to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether. The monoglycidyl ether can be further reacted with a dihydric phenol to produce a di-secondary alcohol which is then glycidylized to produce a glycidyl ether.
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- Curable compositions comprising glycidil ethers of hydroxyalkyl carbamates
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Glycidyl ethers of hydroxyalkyl carbamates of the general formula I in which R is a C1-15aliphatic or cycloaliphatic linking group; R' is H or C1-3alkyl, at least one R' being hydrogen; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n is 1, 2, 3 or 4; and m + n is 2, 3 or 4,are prepared which are suitable for resinous binders for coatings and as crosslinking agents for carboxyl-functional resins such as acrylic resins.
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- Process for the preparation of glycidyl ethers of di-secondary alcohols with high monomer content
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The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glycidyl ether of a di-secondary alcohol with a monomer content of about 80% to about 90% of the formula (I) STR1 comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a di-secondary alcohol of the formula (II) STR2 with epichlorohydrin in the presence of an alkali and a phase transfer catalyst to produce a glycidyl ether with a monomer content of about 60% to about 75%; and (b) reacting said glycidyl ether with a monomer content of about 60% to about 75% with epichlorohydrin in the presence of an alkali and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride to produce a glycidyl ether of a di-secondary alcohol with a monomer content of about 80% to about 90%.
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- Process for the preparation of addition products of epoxides and alcohols
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The present invention relates to the preparation of di-secondary alcohols comprising the reaction of an alcohol and a diglycidyl ether of a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein M is a metal from Groups IB to VIIIB or a metal or metalloid from Groups IIA to VA of the Periodic Chart of Elements or an ammonium ion and X is an anion selected from the group consisting of BF4-, PF6-, AsF6-, SbF6-, AlF4-, TiF62-, SiF62-, and ZrF62- to produce the di-secondary alcohol, which can then be subjected to glycidylation to produce a glycidyl ether, or the reaction of an alcohol, glycol or polyol and epichlorohydrin in the presence of the foregoing catalyst, followed by ring closure employing an alkali to produce a mono- or polyglycidyl ether. The monoglycidyl ether can be further reacted with a dihydric phenol to produce a di-secondary alcohol which is then glycidylized to produce a glycidyl ether.
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- Fluorine-containing alicyclic and aromatic cyclic compounds, process thereof and adhesive composition containing the compound
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Fluorine-containing alicyclic or aromatic cyclic compounds represented by the formula STR1 wherein M is a divalent organic group comprising at least one substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a divalent organic group comprising at least two substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, the alicyclic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group may be linked by O, S or CH2, or may form a condensed ring, X is STR2 Y is H or CH3, n is zero or a positive number, are useful as an effective component of the adhesive composition.
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- Process for producing optically active atenolol and intermediate thereof
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Improved process for producing an optically active atenolol useful as a β-adrenergic blocker for the treatment of angina pectoris, arrhythmia and hypertension, which comprising reacting a phenol compound with an optically active epihalohydrin to give an intermediate, optically active glycidyl ether compound, followed by reacting the intermediate with isopropylamine, and purification method of the optically active atenolol in high yield by means of forming a salt of atenolol with a Bronsted's acid whereby the salt of optically active atenolol having high optical purity can be separated from the salt of racemic atenolol by solid-liquid separation method.
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- Liquid crystalline compounds and process for production thereof
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Liquid crystalline compounds having an optically active γ-lactone ring of the formula: STR1 wherein R1 is a group selected from the group consisting of STR2 n and e are each independently 0 or 1; R3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R2 is a group of the formula: --(CO)m --R4 ; m is 0 or 1; R4 is hydrogen atom or an alkyl having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; and the symbol * is an asymmetric carbon atom, and an intermediate thereof, and process for the production of the same.
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- Ferroelectric liquid crystal device
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A ferroelectric liquid crystal device having a pair of substrates each provided with voltage appli-cation means, an orientation control layer formed on at least one of the substrates, and a layer of ferro-electric liquid crystal composition formed between the pair of substrates, the device being characterized in that the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprises at least one compound (a) having an optically active group of the formula (I): and at least one compound (b) which is reverse to the compound (a) in the direction of a helical pitch induced in a nematic phase, the liquid crystal composi-tion exhibiting at least a smectic C phase, smectic A phase and nematic phase at least 20μm in helical pitch.
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- Diglycidyl ether
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The invention provides a diglycidyl ether having the formula (1) wherein R1 is R2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and n is a number of 0 or more. The invention also provides a method of producing such ethers.
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- Novel diglycidyl ethers of diphenolic alkanes and their use in curable compositions
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Diglycidyl ethers of a bisphenolic alkane having from 5 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety, characterized in that the bisphenolic alkane is a reaction product of one mol of a linear α,ω-diolefin having from 5 to 14 carbon atoms per molecule, and two moles of a mono- or polycyclic monohydric phenol having at least a hydrogen atom in an ortho or in the para position in respect of the phenolic hydroxyl group.
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- Stereoselective Formation of Allyl Ethers by Reaction of Epoxides with Organic Chlorides under Liquid-Solid Phase-Transfer Catalysis
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A series of trans-3-chloroallyl ethers and trans-3-thioallyl ethers were stereoselectively synthesized in one step by the reaction of 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane or 2,3-epoxypropyl sulfides with alkyl chlorides in the presence of solid sodium hydroxide and quaternary ammonium salt as a phase-transfer catalyst.Phase-transfer catalytic hydroxide ion-initiation followed by stereoselective isomerization of the epoxide ring through β-elimination is postulated as the important part of the reaction pathway.
- Gu, Xue-Ping,Ikeda, Isao,Okahara, Mitsuo
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p. 667 - 672
(2007/10/02)
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- Epoxy resins from hydroxy benzamides
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New epoxy resins are prepared by reacting a hydroxybenzamide or derivative thereof with an epihalohydrin followed by dehydrohalogenation. These epoxy resins have crystalline melting points, self-cure at elevated temperatures and cure rapidly in the presence of the usual epoxy resin curing agents. Also disclosed are hydrolyzed products of these epoxy resins and subsequent reactions with polyisocyanates.
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- Process for the production of glyceryl ethers
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The specification describes a process for the production of a 4-alkoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan in good yield, in high purity and in a simple manner by reacting an alkyl glycidyl ether with a carbonyl compound in the presence of an acid catalyst. The 4-alkoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan is useful as an intermediate for the production of an α-monoalkyl glyceryl ether by hydrolysis.
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- Multipurpose hydrocarbon fuel and lubricating oil additive
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Substituted phenol/epichlorohydrin/amine adducts as multipurpose, low concentration additives for hydrocarbon fuels, lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
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- Multipurpose hydrocarbon fuel and lubricating oil additive
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Substituted phenol/epichlorohydrin/amine adducts as multipurpose, low concentration additives for hydrocarbon fuels, lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
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- Anti-arrhythmia agents
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Acetamide derivatives are provided having the structure STR1 wherein X is a single bond, --CH2 -- or --O--, R1 and R2 may be the same or different and are lower alkyl, phenyl-lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, phenyl-lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, or STR2 may be taken together to form a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic ring optionally containing one other hetero atom, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen; Y is hydroxyl, OR wherein R is lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkanoyl, or STR3 wherein R1 and R2, and R1 and R2 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are as defined above, and n is 1 to 6. These compounds are useful as anti-arrhythmia agents and have been found to be effective in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
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- Hair treating compositions containing cationic surface active agents
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Cationic surface-active agents which are polyhydroxylated tertiary amines or the quaternary ammonium salts thereof and which are usefully employed in cosmetic compositions, are prepared by condensing on a fatty alcohol, glycerol epihalohydrin alone or together with an epoxide to form polyhalogenated polyethers, which in turn are converted to polyhalogenated glycidyl ethers, the latter being reacted with a secondary amine to form polyhalogenated tertiary amines which are then reacted with sodium or potassium acetate in the presence of a diol to form said polyhydroxylated tertiary amines.
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- Glycoside polyethers
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To obtain nonionic surfactants having solubility and stability in relatively strong aqueous solution of caustic, salt or other electrolytes, corn starch or a similar source of glucose units is reacted with an alcohol containing up to about 4 carbon atoms to obtain a glycoside somewhat more lipophilic than the saccharide, and then the resulting glycoside is reacted with a hydrophobic oxirane-containing material such as a C6 to C18 epoxyalkane or a glycidyl ether having about the same number of carbon atoms.
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- Piperazine based polymer and hair treating composition containing the same
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Piperazine-based low molecular weight film-forming cationic polymer is employed in a cosmetic hair-conditioner composition comprising a solution of the polymer in amounts of about 0.1-5 weight percent of the composition in a solvent such as water, acidified water, or aqueous alcohol solution.
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- Process for the manufacture of glycidyl ethers of monohydric or polyhydric phenols, having improved properties
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The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of glycidyl ethers of monohydric or polyhydric phenols with excess epichlorohydrin, wherein the monohydric or polyhydric phenols are reacted with excess epichlorohydrin, based on the phenolic hydroxyl group, in the presence of a catalyst specific for the formation of chlorohydrin ethers from phenols and epichlorohydrin, and of 0.2 to 8 % by weight of water, based on the reaction medium, until the conversion to chlorohydrin ethers is at least 10 %, preferably 50 - 90 %, based on the phenolic hydroxyl groups, and are then reacted by heating with 0.9 to 1.15 equivalents of a solid alkali metal hydroxide per phenolic hydroxyl group to give glycidyl ethers.
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- Cyclic acetals containing epoxide groups
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Cyclic acetals of 2-epoxy-propoxy-pivaldehydes. They can be used by themselves, if they contain two or more epoxy groups, or as reactive diluents in a mixture with other epoxide resins, and they give mouldings of excellent mechanical properties on curing with amines or acid anhydrides.
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