- Pharmacological evaluation of imidazole-derived bisphosphonates on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation and function
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Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been commonly used in the treatment of osteolytic bone lesions, such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. However, serious side-effects can occur during the therapy. To search for novel potent BPs with lower side-effects, a series of imidazole-containing BPs (zoledronic acid [ZOL]; ZOL derivatives by substitution of the hydrogen at the 2-position on the imidazole ring with a methyl [MIDP], ethyl [EIDP], n-propyl [PIDP], or n-butyl group [BIDP]) were developed and the effects on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation were investigated using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells at the protein, gene, and morphological and functional levels. Influences of these BPs on the cell growth and proliferation of RAW 264.7 were also studied in order to determine cytotoxicity. The results showed that PIDP significantly inhibited the RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent fashion without inducing cytotoxicity under the concentration of 12.5?μM. It exerted remarkable suppressive effects on the development of actin rings, the bone resorption, and the expressions of osteoclastogenesis-related gene and protein markers. The down-regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase B (Akt), and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IκB) phosphorylation in the early signaling event and subsequent inhibition of the expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFATc1) might be involved in these effects. All these results indicated that PIDP might be a promising drug to treat bone-related disorders.
- Lin, Jianguo,Peng, Ying,Liu, Qingzhu,Li, Ke,Lv, Gaochao,Seimbille, Yann,Huang, Gang,Gao, Feng,Qiu, Ling
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p. 121 - 133
(2020/08/10)
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- One-pot preparation method for imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid
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The invention discloses a one-pot preparation method for imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: 1) dissolving imidazole in a solvent, and then carrying out an N-alkylation reaction on the formed solution and an N-alkylation reagent to obtain methyl imidazol-1-yl-acetate or ethyl imidazol-1-yl-acetate in a reaction intermediate state; and 2) addinghydrous ethanol into a reaction solution obtained in the step 1), continuing heating for a hydrolysis reaction, carrying out cooling for crystallization after the reaction is finished, and carrying out filtering and drying to obtain imidazol-1-yl-acetic acid. According to the method, the starting raw material imidazole is used as an alkali, so the use of a phase transfer catalyst is avoided; theimidazol-1-yl-acetic acid is prepared by the one-pot method, so steps are few, operation is simple, raw material variety is few, post-treatment is simple, reaction yield is high, product purity is high, reaction conditions are mild, cost is low, and safety is good; and the method accords with the trend of green chemical industry and is suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0030-0038
(2020/07/15)
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- Imidazole heterocyclic diphosphonic acid compound as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, and in particular relates to an imidazole heterocyclic diphosphonic acid compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The imidazole heterocyclic diphosphonic acid compound has a larger non-toxic concentration range for an osteoclast precursor, and can significantly inhibit the formation of osteoclasts at the same time; the imidazole heterocyclic diphosphonic acid compound can damage actin ring to the utmost extent, thus having an obvious inhibiting effect on the osteoclasts and further being used as an osteoclast inhibitor; the imidazole heterocyclic diphosphonic acid compound solves the problems that diphosphonate in the prior art is low in inhibiting effect on the osteoclasts, high in toxicity and large in side effects.
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Paragraph 0074; 0075
(2017/07/20)
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- CEPHALOSPORIN HAVING CATECHOL GROUP
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The present invention provides Cephem compounds which have a wide antimicrobial spectrum and have potent antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria as follows: A compound of the formula: wherein, X is N, CH or C-Cl; T is S or the like; A and G are lower alkylene or the like; B is a single bond or the like; D is a single bond, -NR7-, -CO-, -CO-NR7-, -NR7-CO-, -NR7-CO-NR7-, or the like; E is optionally substituted lower alkylene; F is a single bond or optionally substituted phenylene; R3, R4, R5 and R6 each is independently hydrogen, halogene, nitrile, or the like; or an ester, a compound protected at the amino on the ring in the 7-side chain, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a solvate thereof.
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Page/Page column 84-85
(2011/07/30)
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- Process for making zoledronic acid
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The invention relates to a process a process, which comprises: reacting in a solvent/diluent a compound of formula (2) or a salt or ester thereof with a phosphonation agent to form phosphonated intermediates; and subsequently hydrolyzing said intermediates to form a compound of formula (1) or a salt or hydrate thereof wherein said solvent/diluent comprises a mixture of (i) a polyalkylene glycol and (ii) a cyclic carbonate of the formula (3) wherein n is an integer from 2 to 4, and R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group and to the use of intermediates therein.
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Page/Page column 7
(2010/06/17)
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- Process for Making Zoledronic Acid
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Processes for making zoledronic acid can be advantageously carried out in a solvent/diluent that comprises a mixture of (i) a polyalkylene glycol and (ii) a cyclic carbonate of the formula (3) wherein n is an integer from 2 to 4, and R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen or a C1-C4 alkyl group.
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Page/Page column 5
(2010/06/14)
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- PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING BISPHOSPHONIC ACIDS
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A manufacturing process for the preparation of bisphosphonic acids and in particular zoledronic acid is provided wherein diglyme, monoglyme, or a mixture thereof, is utilized to produce a homogenous, water soluble, solid reaction mass that upon cooling, dissolving in water and stripping results in a high purity product and comparatively good yield.
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Page/Page column 4; 6
(2008/06/13)
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- PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PURE ZOLEDRONIC ACID
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The invention relates to processes for the preparation of pure zoledronic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions that include the pure zoledronic acid.
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Page/Page column 7-8
(2008/06/13)
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- N-alkylation of N-trimethylsilylimidazole
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The reaction of N-trimethylsilylimidazole with alkyl chloroacetates is studied. This process yields a mixture of N-alkylation and quarternization products in the ratio dependent on the reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism is discussed. 1H NMR data show that high melting point and low solubility of 1-imidazolylacetic acid in organic solvents are evidently caused by the formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds, whereas in water zwitterionic structures with the protonation of both nitrogen atoms are formed.
- Lebedev,Sheludyakov,Lebedeva,Frolov,Shatunov,Ustinova,Kovaleva
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p. 1086 - 1088
(2008/03/11)
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- A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 2-(IMIDAZOL-1-YL)-1-HYDROXYETHANE-1, 1-DIPHOSPHONIC ACID
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The present invention provides a process for preparation of 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, compound of formula (1), said process comprising (a) reacting imidazole with chloroacetyl chloride and benzyl alcohol in homogenous system in one pot to obtain benzyl 1-imidazolylacetate, compound of formula (3); (b) debenzylating benzyl 1-imidazolylacetate, a compound of formula (3) to imidazole 1-ylacetic acid, compound of formula (2) and (c) converting compound of formula (2) to compound of formula (1).
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Page/Page column 9
(2008/06/13)
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- AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ZOLEDRONIC ACID
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The invention disclosed in this application relates to an improved process for the preparation of zoledronic acid of formula (I) given below which comprises heating at a temperature in the range of 50-80 °C a solution of imidazol-1-ylacetic acid hydrochloride with ortho-phosphoric acid in a solvent medium where boiling point of the solvent used in lesser or close to that of phosphorous trichloride, adding phosphorous trichloride to the reaction mass slowly over a period of 2-3hr at a temperature in the range of 50-80 °C, keeping the resulting reaction mass at a temperature in the range of 50-80 °C for a period of 1-6hr, adding hydrochloric acid to the reaction mass and keeping the reaction mass at a temperature in the range of 60-120 °C, separating the organic solvent from the reaction mass while it is still hot, and diluting the aqueous layer containing zoledronic acid with water miscible solvent. Zoledronic acid is widely used as a bone resorption inhibitor.
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Page/Page column 5
(2008/06/13)
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- Benzoamide piperidine containing compounds and related compounds
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The present invention relates to certain benzoamide piperidine containing compounds and related compounds that exhibit activity as NK-1 receptor antagonists, (e.g., substance P receptor antagonists), to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to their use in the treatment and prevention of central nervous system disorders, inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular disorders, ophthalmic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, disorders caused by helicobacter pylori, disorders of the immune system, urinary incontinence, pain, migraine, emesis, angiogenesis and other disorders.
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- 3-D QSAR Investigations of the Inhibition of Leishmania major Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase by Bisphosphonates
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We report the activities of 62 bisphosphonatesas inhibitors of the Leishmania major mevalonate/isoprene biosynthesis pathway enzyme, farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. The compounds investigated exhibit activities (IC 50 values) ranging from ～100 nM to ～80 μM (corresponding to Ki values as low as 10 nM). The most active compounds were found to be zoledronate (whose single-crystal X-ray structure is reported), pyridinyl-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonates or picolyl aminomethylene bisphosphonates. However, N-alicyclic amino-methylene bisphosphonates, such as incadronate (N-cycloheptyl aminomethylene bisphosphonate), as well as aliphatic aminomethylene bisphosphonates containing short (n = 4, 5) alkyl chains, were also active, with 1C50 values in the 200-1700 nM range (corresponding to Ki values of ～20-170 nM). Bisphosphonates containing longer or multiple (N,N-) alkyl substitutions were inactive, as were aromatic species lacking an o- or m-nitrogen atom in the ring, or possessing multiple halogen substitutions or a p-amino group. To put these observations on a more quantitative structural basis, we used three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship techniques: comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA), to investigate which structural features correlated with high activity. Training set results (N = 62 compounds) yielded good correlations with each technique (R2 = 0.87 and 0.88, respectively), and were further validated by using a training/test set approach. Test set results (N = 24 compounds) indicated that IC50 values could be predicted within factors of 2.9 and 2.7 for the CoMFA and CoMSIA methods, respectively. The CoMSIA fields indicated that a positive charge in the bisphosphonate side chain and a hydrophobic feature contributed significantly to activity. Overall, these results are of general interest since they represent the first detailed quantitative structure-activity relationship study of the inhibition of an expressed farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase enzyme by bisphosphonate inhibitors and that the activity of these inhibitors can be predicted within about a factor of 3 by using 3D-QSAR techniques.
- Sanders, John M.,Gómez, Aurora Ortiz,Mao, Junhong,Meints, Gary A.,Van Brussel, Erin M.,Burzynska, Agnieszka,Kafarski, Pawel,González-Pacanowska, Dolores,Oldfield, Eric
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p. 5171 - 5183
(2007/10/03)
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- Phosphate linked oligomers
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Novel ethylene glycol compounds bearing various functional groups are used to prepare oligomeric structures. The ethylene glycol monomers can be joined via standard phosphate linkages including phosphorothioate, phosphodiester, and phosphoramidate linkages. Useful functional groups include nucleobases as well as polar groups, hydrophobic groups, ionic groups, aromatic groups and/or groups that participate in hydrogen-bonding.
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- Synthesis and regioselective hydrolysis of 2-imidazol-1-ylsuccinic esters
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(±)-2-Imidazol-1-ylsuccinic esters were synthesized by thermal addition of imidazole to either fumaric or maleic esters. Acceleration of the reaction was achieved, in some cases, using microwave heating. These esters underwent an easy regioselective hydrolysis, under neutral conditions, to give the corresponding half-esters: (±)-3-(alkoxycarbonyl)-2-imidazol-1-ylpropionic acids, through either BAC3 or BAL1 mechanisms. Kinetic studies in H2O and D2O as well as 18O and 17O labeling experiments supported the proposed mechanism. The results of these hydrolyses, which depended on the nature of the alcohol moiety, were compared with those obtained with some imidazol-1-ylacetate analogues or with (±)-2-pyrazol-1-yl- and benzimidazol-1-ylsuccinic esters. In general, imidazolylsuccinic esters hydrolyzed faster than the homologous derivatives from pyrazole or benzimidazole.
- Zaderenko,Gil,Ballesteros,Cerdan
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p. 6268 - 6273
(2007/10/02)
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- An improved and convenient procedure for the synthesis of 1-substituted imidazoles
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1-Protected imidazoles, such as 1-acetyl- and 1-benzoylimidazoles, react with various halides, such as benzyl, allyl, α-keto, and alkyl halides, to give 1-protected-3-substituted imidazolium salts in high yields. The resultant imidazolium salts are easily deprotected by treatment with water or alcohols to give the corresponding 1-substituted imidazoles in excellent yields. In this reaction the yields of 1-substituted imidazoles vary with the kinds of halides used and/or with the protecting groups, and the yields increase in the following order: benzyl halides≥allyl halides~α-keto halides>alkyl halides, and acetyl≥benzoyl>ethoxycarbonyl>diethoxymethyl>trimethylsilyl>tosyl.
- Kamijo,Yamamoto,Harada,Iizuka
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p. 1213 - 1221
(2007/10/02)
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