- Pd-catalyzed silicon hydride reductions of aromatic and aliphatic nitro groups
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(Chemical Equation Presented) Room-temperature reduction of aromatic nitro groups to amines can be accomplished in high yield, with wide functional group tolerance and short reaction times (30 min) using a combination of palladium(II) acetate, aqueous potassium fluoride, and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS). Replacing PMHS/KF with triethylsilane allows aliphatic nitro groups to be reduced to their hydroxylamines.
- Rahaim Jr., Ronald J.,Maleczka Jr., Robert E.
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- Selective Reduction of Nitroarenes to Arylamines by the Cooperative Action of Methylhydrazine and a Tris(N-heterocyclic thioamidate) Cobalt(III) Complex
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We report an efficient catalytic protocol that chemoselectively reduces nitroarenes to arylamines, by using methylhydrazine as a reducing agent in combination with the easily synthesized and robust catalyst tris(N-heterocyclic thioamidate) Co(III) complex [Co(κS,N-tfmp2S)3], tfmp2S = 4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine-2-thiolate. A series of arylamines and heterocyclic amines were formed in excellent yields and chemoselectivity. High conversion yields of nitroarenes into the corresponding amines were observed by using polar protic solvents, such as MeOH and iPrOH. Among several hydrogen donors that were examined, methylhydrazine demonstrated the best performance. Preliminary mechanistic investigations, supported by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry, suggest a cooperative action of methylhydrazine and [Co(κS,N-tfmp2S)3] via a coordination activation pathway that leads to the formation of a reduced cobalt species, responsible for the catalytic transformation. In general, the corresponding N-arylhydroxylamines were identified as the sole intermediates. Nevertheless, the corresponding nitrosoarenes can also be formed as intermediates, which, however, are rapidly transformed into the desired arylamines in the presence of methylhydrazine through a noncatalytic path. On the basis of the observed high chemoselectivity and yields, and the fast and clean reaction processes, the present catalytic system [Co(κS,N-tfmp2S)3]/MeNHNH2 shows promise for the efficient synthesis of aromatic amines that could find various industrial applications.
- Ioannou, Dimitris I.,Gioftsidou, Dimitra K.,Tsina, Vasiliki E.,Kallitsakis, Michael G.,Hatzidimitriou, Antonios G.,Terzidis, Michael A.,Angaridis, Panagiotis A.,Lykakis, Ioannis N.
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supporting information
p. 2895 - 2906
(2021/02/27)
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- Selective Photoinduced Reduction of Nitroarenes to N-Arylhydroxylamines
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We report the selective photoinduced reduction of nitroarenes to N-arylhydroxylamines. The present methodology facilitates this transformation in the absence of catalyst or additives and uses only light and methylhydrazine. This noncatalytic photoinduced transformation proceeds with a broad scope, excellent functional-group tolerance, and high yields. The potential of this protocol reflects on the selective and straightforward conversion of two general antibiotics, azomycin and chloramphenicol, to the bioactive hydroxylamine species.
- Kallitsakis, Michael G.,Ioannou, Dimitris I.,Terzidis, Michael A.,Kostakis, George E.,Lykakis, Ioannis N.
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supporting information
p. 4339 - 4343
(2020/06/08)
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- Synthesis of N-aryl and N-heteroaryl hydroxylamines via partial reduction of nitroarenes with soluble nanoparticle catalysts
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Polystyrene-supported ruthenium nanoparticles enable the selective hydrazine-mediated reduction of nitroarenes to hydroxylamine products in high yield and selectivity. Key to obtaining the hydroxylamine product in good yield was the use of organic solvents capable of solubilizing the polystyrene-supported nanoparticle catalyst. N-aryl and N-heteroaryl hydroxylamines are generated under exceptionally mild conditions and in the presence of a various easily reduced functional groups.
- Tyler, Jefferson H.,Nazari, S. Hadi,Patterson, Robert H.,Udumula, Venkatareddy,Smith, Stacey J.,Michaelis, David J.
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supporting information
p. 82 - 86
(2016/12/23)
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- Palladium-catalyzed silane/siloxane reductions in the one-pot conversion of nitro compounds into their amines, hydroxylamines, amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates
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A combination of palladium(II) acetate, aqueous potassium fluoride, and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) facilitates the room-temperature reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to anilines. These reactions tend to be quick (30 min), high-yielding, and tolerate a range of other functional groups. Replacement of PMHS/KF with triethylsilane allows for the reduction of aliphatic nitro compounds to their corresponding hydroxylamines. Depending on the substrate, both conditions can allow for the in situ conversion of the product amines into amides, sulfonamides, and carbamates. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Rahaim Jr., Ronald J.,Maleczka Jr., Robert E.
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p. 3316 - 3340
(2008/09/17)
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- A novel strategy for the preparation of arylhydroxylamines: Chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using bakers' yeast
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Using bakers' yeast as a biocatalyst, the chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds bearing electron-withdrawing groups gave the corresponding hydroxylamines with good to excellent conversion under mild conditions.
- Li, Feng,Cui, Jingnan,Qian, Xuhong,Zhang, Rong
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p. 2338 - 2339
(2007/10/03)
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- Promoting effect of na2SeO3 on the activity of MoO3 catalyst for nitroarenes reduction to amines with sodium borohydride
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Sodium selenite enhances the catalytic activity of molybdenum(VI) oxide during the reduction of nitroarenes (XC6H4NO2, X = 4-CN, 4-CO2Et, H, 4-Cl, 2-Me, 3-Me, 4-Me, 4-OMe) with sodium borohydride to arenamines (86-98 % yields) under mild conditions. X= 4-CN, 4-CO2Et, H, 4-Cl, 2-Me, 3-Me, 4-Me, 4-OMe in 86-98 % yields.
- Yanada, Kazuo,Yanada, Reiko,Meguri, Haruo
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p. 1463 - 1464
(2007/10/02)
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- RUBREDOXIN MODEL COMPLEX (Et4N) AS A CATALYST IN THE REDUCTION OF AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS TO HYDROXYLAMINES
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(Et4N), the analogue of oxidized rubredoxin active sites, can catalyze the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to N-aryl hydroxylamines by o-xylene-α,α'-dithiol.
- Yanada, Kazuo,Nagano, Tetsuo,Hirobe, Masaaki
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p. 5113 - 5116
(2007/10/02)
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