- Direct Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of Sulfonamides
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First introduced into medicines in the 1930s, the sulfonamide functional group continues to be present in a wide range of contemporary pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Despite their popularity in the design of modern bioactive molecules, the underpinning methods for sulfonamide synthesis are essentially unchanged since their introduction, and rely on the use of starting materials with preinstalled sulfur-functionality. Herein we report a direct single-step synthesis of sulfonamides that combines two of the largest monomer sets available in discovery chemistry, (hetero)aryl boronic acids and amines, along with sulfur dioxide, using a Cu(II) catalyst, to deliver a broad range of sulfonamides. Sulfur dioxide is provided by the surrogate reagent DABSO. The reaction tolerates broad variation in both coupling partners, including aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl boronic acids, as well as cyclic and acyclic alkyl secondary amines, and primary anilines. We validate the method by showing that a variety of drugs, and drug-fragments, can be incorporated into the process.
- Chen, Yiding,Murray, Philip R. D.,Davies, Alyn T.,Willis, Michael C.
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supporting information
p. 8781 - 8787
(2018/07/29)
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- Titanium(III)-Oxo Clusters in a Metal-Organic Framework Support Single-Site Co(II)-Hydride Catalysts for Arene Hydrogenation
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Titania (TiO2) is widely used in the chemical industry as an efficacious catalyst support, benefiting from its unique strong metal-support interaction. Many proposals have been made to rationalize this effect at the macroscopic level, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is not understood due to the presence of multiple catalytic species on the TiO2 surface. This challenge can be addressed with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring well-defined metal oxo/hydroxo clusters for supporting single-site catalysts. Herein we report that the Ti8(μ2-O)8(μ2-OH)4 node of the Ti-BDC MOF (MIL-125) provides a single-site model of the classical TiO2 support to enable CoII-hydride-catalyzed arene hydrogenation. The catalytic activity of the supported CoII-hydride is strongly dependent on the reduction of the Ti-oxo cluster, definitively proving the pivotal role of TiIII in the performance of the supported catalyst. This work thus provides a molecularly precise model of Ti-oxo clusters for understating the strong metal-support interaction of TiO2-supported heterogeneous catalysts.
- Ji, Pengfei,Song, Yang,Drake, Tasha,Veroneau, Samuel S.,Lin, Zekai,Pan, Xiandao,Lin, Wenbin
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p. 433 - 440
(2018/01/17)
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- Conformational Aspects in the Design of Inhibitors for Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT): Biphenyl, Aryl Sulfonamide, and Aryl Sulfone Motifs
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Malaria remains a major threat to mankind due to the perpetual emergence of resistance against marketed drugs. Twenty-one pyrazolopyran-based inhibitors bearing terminal biphenyl, aryl sulfonamide, or aryl sulfone motifs were synthesized and tested towards serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), a key enzyme of the folate cycle. The best ligands inhibited Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Arabidopsis thaliana (At) SHMT in target, as well as PfNF54 strains in cell-based assays in the low nanomolar range (18–56 nm). Seven co-crystal structures with P. vivax (Pv) SHMT were solved at 2.2–2.6 ? resolution. We observed an unprecedented influence of the torsion angle of ortho-substituted biphenyl moieties on cell-based efficacy. The peculiar lipophilic character of the sulfonyl moiety was highlighted in the complexes with aryl sulfonamide analogues, which bind in their preferred staggered orientation. The results are discussed within the context of conformational preferences in the ligands.
- Schwertz, Geoffrey,Frei, Michelle S.,Witschel, Matthias C.,Rottmann, Matthias,Leartsakulpanich, Ubolsree,Chitnumsub, Penchit,Jaruwat, Aritsara,Ittarat, Wanwipa,Sch?fer, Anja,Aponte, Raphael A.,Trapp, Nils,Mark, Kerstin,Chaiyen, Pimchai,Diederich, Fran?ois
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supporting information
p. 14345 - 14357
(2017/10/09)
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- Amidation of unactivated ester derivatives mediated by trifluoroethanol
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A catalytic amidation protocol mediated by 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol has been developed, facilitating the condensation of unactivated esters and amines, furnishing both secondary and tertiary amides. The complete scope and limitations of the method are described, along with modified conditions for challenging substrates such as acyclic secondary amines and chiral esters with retention of chiral integrity.
- McPherson, Christopher G.,Caldwell, Nicola,Jamieson, Craig,Simpson, Iain,Watson, Allan J. B.
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p. 3507 - 3518
(2017/04/26)
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- Heterogeneous CeO2 catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of organic carbamates from amines, CO2 and alcohols
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Heterogeneous CeO2 catalyst can catalyze the one-pot synthesis of methyl benzylcarbamate from benzylamine, CO2 and methanol. The yield of methyl benzylcarbamate reached 92% at >99% benzylamine conversion and 92% benzylamine-based selectivity even in the absence of the dehydrating agents. The catalyst is reusable after the calcination at 873 K for 3 h. Various carbamates can be synthesized with good yield and high selectivity by the reaction of amines + CO2 + alcohols over CeO2. The main formation route of methyl benzylcarbamate is suggested to be the reaction of dimethyl carbonate or the precursor of dimethyl carbonate formation with benzylamine.
- Honda, Masayoshi,Sonehara, Satoru,Yasuda, Hiroshi,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tomishige, Keiichi
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scheme or table
p. 3406 - 3413
(2012/01/15)
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- CALCIUM ION CHANNEL MODULATORS and USES THEREOF
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Compounds of formula (I), wherein R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl or aralkyl; R2 is an optionally substituted alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl (said substituents are selected from hydroxyl, alkoxyl, haloalkoxyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylsulphonyl, alkylsulphinyl, alkylsulphonylamino, acylamino, saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic groups and groups of formula COY); W is selected from oxygen, sulphur, groups of formula NR7, wherein R7 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and groups of formula CR8R9, wherein R8 and R9 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl; and X is selected from nitrogen and groups of formula CR10, wherein R10 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen or haloalkyl, inhibit the interaction between Cavx channels and Cavβ proteins and are of use in the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and conditions including pain and lower urinary tract disorders.
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Page/Page column 120
(2010/04/27)
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- Selective hydrogenation of amides using Rh/Mo catalysts
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Rh/Mo catalysts formed in situ from Rh6(CO)16 and Mo(CO)6 are effective for the liquid phase hydrogenation of CyCONH2 to CyCH2NH2 in up to 87% selectivity, without the requirement for ammonia to inhibit secondary amine formation. Use of in situ HP-FTIR spectroscopy has shown that decomposition of metal carbonyl precursors occurs during an extended induction period, with the generation of recyclable, heterogeneous, bimetallic catalysts. Variations in Mo:Rh content have revealed significant synergistic effects on catalysis, with optimum performance at values of ca. 0.6, and substantially reduced selectivities at ≥1. Good amide conversions are noted within the reaction condition regimes 50-100 bar H2 and 130-160 °C. Ex situ characterization of the catalysts, using XRD, XPS and EDX-STEM, has provided evidence for intimately mixed (ca. 2-4 nm) particles that contain metallic Rh and reduced Mo oxides, together with MoO3. Silica-supported Rh/Mo analogues, although active, perform poorly at 150 °C and deactivate during recycle.
- Beamson, Graham,Papworth, Adam J.,Philipps, Charles,Smith, Andrew M.,Whyman, Robin
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body text
p. 93 - 102
(2010/09/16)
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- New synthesis of tic-hydantoins sigma-1 ligands and pharmacological evaluation on cocaine-induced stimulant effects
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Activation of the newly identified σ1 chaperone protein is involved in several aspects of the psychostimulant and addictive effects of cocaine. The development of ligands that selectively target the σ1 protein may lead to putative potent anti-cocaine agen
- Toussaint,Debreu-Fontaine,Maurice,Melnyk
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p. 355 - 373
(2011/09/13)
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- Selective hydrogenation of amides using ruthenium/ molybdenum catalysts
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Recyclable, heterogeneous bimetallic ruthenium/molybdenum catalysts, formed in situ from triruthenium dodecacarbonyl [Ru3(CO)12] and molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6], are effective for the selective liquid phase hydrogenation of cyclohexylcarboxamide (CyCONH2) to cyclohexanemethylamine (CyCH2NH2), with no secondary or tertiary amine by-product formation. Variation of Mo:Ru composition reveals both synergistic and poisoning effects, with the optimum combination of conversion and selectivity at ca. 0.5, and total inhibition of catalysis evident at ≥1. Good amide conversions are noted within the reaction condition regimes 20100 bar hydrogen and 145-160°C. The order of reactivity of these catalysts towards reduction of different amide functional groups is primary > tertiary ? secondary. In situ HP-FT-IR spectroscopy confirms that catalyst genesis occurs during an induction period associated with decomposition of the organometallic precursors. Ex situ characterisation, using XRD, XPS and EDX-STEM, for active Mo:Ru compositions, has provided evidence for intimately mixed ca. 2.5-4 nm particles that contain metallic ruthenium, and molybdenum (in several oxidation states, including zero).
- Beamson, Graham,Papworth, Adam J.,Philipps, Charles,Smith, Andrew M.,Whyman, Robin
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experimental part
p. 869 - 883
(2010/07/05)
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- INDOLE- 3 -GLYOXYLAMIDE DERIVATIVES FOR USE AS CALCIUM ION CHANNEL MODULATORS
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Compounds of formula (I) are of use in treating a range of conditions, including pain.
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Page/Page column 93
(2009/12/05)
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- The ruthenium-catalyzed reduction and reductive N-alkylation of secondary amides with hydrosilanes: Practical synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines by judicious choice of hydrosilanes
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A triruthenium cluster, (μ3, η2,η3,η5-acenaphthylene)Ru 3(CO)7 (1) catalyzes the reaction of secondary amides with hydrosilanes, yielding a mixture of secondary amines, tertiary amines, and silyl enamines. Production of secondary amines with complete selectivity is achieved by the use of higher concentration of the catalyst (3 mol %) and the use of bifunctional hydrosilanes such as 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane. Acidic workup of the reaction mixture affords the corresponding ammonium salts, which can be treated with a base, providing a facile method for isolation of secondary amines with high purity. In contrast, tertiary amines are formed with high selectivity by using lower concentration of the catalyst (1 mol %) and polymeric hydrosiloxanes (PMHS) as reducing agent. Reduction with PMHS encapsulates the ruthenium catalyst and organic byproducts to the insoluble silicone resin. The two reaction manifolds are applicable to various secondary amides and are practical in that the procedures provide the desired secondary or tertiary amine as a single product. The product contaminated with only minimal amounts of ruthenium and silicon residues. On the basis of the products and observed side products as well as NMR studies a mechanistic scenario for the reaction is also described.
- Hanada, Shiori,Ishida, Toshiki,Motoyama, Yukihiro,Nagashima, Hideo
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p. 7551 - 7559
(2008/02/12)
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- 3, 4-SUBSTITUTED PYRROLIDINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION
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The invention relates to the use of (3,4-di-, 3,3,4-tri, 3,4,4-tri- or 3,3,4,4-tetra-)substituted pyrrolidine compounds for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of a disease that depends on activity of renin; the use of a compound of that class in the treatment of a disease that depends on activity of renin; compounds that are part of a subclass of these substituted pyrrolidine compounds for use in the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of a warm-blooded animal, especially for the treatment of a disease (= disorder) that depends on activity of renin; new compounds that are part of a subclass of these substituted pyrrolidine compounds; pharmaceutical formulations comprising said substituted pyrrolidine compounds, and/or a method of treatment comprising administering said substituted pyrrolidine compounds, a method for the manufacture especially of said new substituted pyrrolidine compounds, as well as novel intermediates, starting materials and/or partial steps for their synthesis. The substituted pyrrolidine compounds are of the formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and T are defined as in the specification.
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Page/Page column 208
(2010/11/24)
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- PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS CB2 MODULATORS
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This relates to novel pyrimidine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and their use in the treatment of diseases, particularly pain, which diseases are caused directly or indirectly by an increase or decrease in activity of
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- Practical and efficient synthesis of C2 symmetrical diamines with Zn / Me3SiCl
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C2 symmetrical diamines are efficiently obtained by reductive coupling of imines with the couple Zn/Me3SiCl. This high yielding method is very practical and cheap for large scale preparation.
- Alexakis, Alexandre,Aujard, Isabelle,Mangeney, Pierre
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p. 873 - 874
(2007/10/03)
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- ALKYLAMINOMETHYLATION D'ORGANOMAGNESIENS.
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The organomagnesium compound RMgX is converted, in two steps, into the secondary amine R-CH2-NH-R1 (R1=CH3 or alkyl).
- Yankep, Emmanuel,Kapnang, Henriette,Charles, Georges
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p. 7383 - 7384
(2007/10/02)
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- Titanium Induced Coupling of Imines to Symmetrical Vicinal (R*,R*)-Diamines
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Symmetrical vicinal (R*,R*) -d,l-diamines were prepared from the corresponding imines and low valent titanium species generated by the action of titanium tetrachloride on amalgamated magnesium.
- Mangeney, P.,Tejero, T.,Alexakis, A.,Grosjean, F.,Normant, J.
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p. 255 - 257
(2007/10/02)
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