- Synthesis of optically active α-(p-Chlorophenyl)pyridylmethanols with plant cell cultures
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We have synthesized optically active α-(p- chlorophenyl)pyridylmethanols by reduction or by hydrolysis with plant cell cultures.
- Takemoto, Masumi,Yamamoto, Yuichi,Achiwa, Kazuo
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- From Pyridine- N-oxides to 2-Functionalized Pyridines through Pyridyl Phosphonium Salts: An Umpolung Strategy
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The reactions of pyridine-N-oxides with Ph3P under the developed conditions provide an unprecedented route to (pyridine-2-yl)phosphonium salts. Upon activation with DABCO, these salts readily serve as functionalized 2-pyridyl nucleophile equivalents. This umpolung strategy allows for the selective C2 functionalization of the pyridine ring with electrophiles, avoiding the generation and use of unstable organometallic reagents. The protocol operates at ambient temperature and tolerates sensitive functional groups, enabling the synthesis of otherwise challenging compounds.
- Bugaenko, Dmitry I.,Yurovskaya, Marina A.,Karchava, Alexander V.
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p. 6099 - 6104
(2021/08/03)
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- Green synthesis method of polyaryl substituted methanol
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The invention relates to a green synthesis method of polyaryl substituted methanol, in particular to a method for efficiently synthesizing polyaryl substituted methanol in a polar aprotic solvent under the condition of an oxidizing agent by taking polyaryl substituted methane as a raw material and alkali as an additive. The method provided by the invention is green and environment-friendly, avoids using expensive metal catalysts, and has the advantages of low cost, few reaction steps, short time, high yield and the like.
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Paragraph 0127-0131
(2021/04/17)
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- Transition-Metal Free Chemoselective Hydroxylation and Hydroxylation-Deuteration of Heterobenzylic Methylenes
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We developed an approach for direct selective hydroxylation of heterobenzylic methylenes to secondary alcohols avoiding overoxidation to ketones by using a KOBu-t/DMSO/air system. Most reactions could reach completion in several minutes to give hydroxylated products in 41-76% yields. Using DMSO-d6, this protocol resulted in difunctionalization of heterobenzylic methylenes to afford α-deuterated secondary alcohols (>93% incorporation). By employing this method, active pharmaceutical ingredients carbinoxamine and doxylamine were synthesized in two steps in moderate yields.
- Fu, Yiwei,Li, Hao,Liu, Yonghai,Mang, Zhiguo,Shi, Lei,Sun, Chengyu,Yu, Yang
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supporting information
p. 8127 - 8131
(2020/11/03)
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- Targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with a novel set of triarylmethanes
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a chemical sensor upregulating the transcription of responsive genes associated with endocrine homeostasis, oxidative balance and diverse metabolic, immunological and inflammatory processes, which have raised the pharmacological interest on its modulation. Herein, a novel set of 32 unsymmetrical triarylmethane (TAM) class of structures has been synthesized, characterized and their AhR transcriptional activity evaluated using a cell-based assay. Eight of the assayed TAM compounds (14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 28) exhibited AhR agonism but none of them showed antagonist effects. TAMs bearing benzotrifluoride, naphthol or heteroaromatic (indole, quinoline or thiophene) rings seem to be prone to AhR activation unlike phenyl substituted or benzotriazole derivatives. A molecular docking analysis with the AhR ligand binding domain (LBD) showed similarities in the binding mode and in the interactions of the most potent TAM identified 4-(pyridin-2-yl (thiophen-2-yl)methyl)phenol (22) compared to the endogenous AhR agonist 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-12-carbaldehyde (FICZ). Finally, in silico predictions of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties for the most potent agonistic compounds were performed and these exhibited acceptable druglikeness and good ADME profiles. To our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the AhR modulatory effects of unsymmetrical TAM class of compounds.
- Barigye, Stephen J.,Carpio, Laureano E.,Ferroud, Clotilde,Giner, Rosa M.,Goya-Jorge, Elizabeth,Gozalbes, Rafael,Loones, Nicolas,Rampal, Celine,Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía, Maité
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supporting information
(2020/10/02)
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- Ligand-Free Iridium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative ortho C?H Borylation of Benzyl-2-Pyridines at Room Temperature
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A convenient and ligand-free iridium-catalyzed dehydrogenative ortho C?H borylation of benzyl-2-pyridines has been developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly at room temperature using pinacolborane as a borylating reagent in the presence of catalytic amount of [IrOMe(COD)]2. The reaction is compatible with many functional groups, providing a vast array of ortho borylated products in moderate to excellent yields with excellent selectivities. (Figure presented.).
- Yang, Yuhuan,Gao, Qian,Xu, Senmiao
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supporting information
p. 858 - 862
(2019/01/04)
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- IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BEPOTASTINE AND ITS BESILATE SALT
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The present invention discloses a process for preparation of Bepotastine and its Besilate salt of formula I with good yield and purity. The invention also describes a process for recycle and reuse of the Ethyl-4-hydroxy piperidine-1-carboxylate from the aqueous medium after isolating the 2-[(S)-(4-Chlorophenyl)(piperidin-4- yloxy)methyl]pyridine, for subsequent batches in the production of Ethyl 4-[(4- Chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methoxy]piperidine-1-carboxylate. The invention further discloses novel intermediates, viz., 2-[Chloro(4- chlorophenyl)methyl]pyridine hydrochloride and bis{2-[(S)-(4- Chlorophenyl)(piperidin-4-yloxy)methyl]pyridine} Dibenzoyl tartrate, useful in the preparation of Bepotastine and its Besilate salt.
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Page/Page column 10; 14
(2019/05/02)
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- Iridium-Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl N-Heteroaryl Ketones with N-Oxide as a Removable ortho-Substituent
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A highly enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of non-ortho-substituted aryl N-heteroaryl ketones, using readily available chiral diamine-derived iridium complex (S,S)-1f as a catalyst and sodium formate as a hydrogen source in a mixture of H2O/i-PrOH (v/v = 1:1) under ambient conditions, is described. The chiral aryl N-heteroaryl methanols were obtained with up to 98.2% ee by introducing an N-oxide as a removable ortho-substituent. In contrast, no more than 15.1% ee was observed in the absence of an N-oxide moiety. Furthermore, the practical utility of this protocol was also demonstrated by gram-scale asymmetric synthesis of bepotastine besilate in 51% total yield and 99.9% ee.
- Liu, Qixing,Wang, Chunqin,Zhou, Haifeng,Wang, Baigui,Lv, Jinliang,Cao, Lu,Fu, Yigang
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supporting information
p. 971 - 974
(2018/02/23)
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- Method for preparing alpha-(4-chlorphenyl)pyridine-2-methanol
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The invention discloses a method for preparing alpha-(4-chlorphenyl)pyridine-2-methanol, and relates to the technical field of organic synthesizing. The method comprises the following steps of using 2-cyanopyridine as an initial raw material; generating Grignard reaction with a Grignard reagent of para chlorobromobenzene to generate alpha-(4-chlorphenyl)pyridine-2-methanol; generating reduction reaction with sodium borohydride to obtain the alpha-(4-chlorphenyl)pyridine-2-methanol. The synthesizing method has the advantages that the corrosion of raw materials to production equipment is avoided, the used solvent can be recycled and reutilized, the green chemical concept is met, the hazard of pollution to environment is decreased, and the production cost is reduced; the yield rate and purity of the alpha-(4-chlorphenyl)pyridine-2-methanol are higher, and the total molar yield rate is 70% or above.
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Paragraph 0007; 0018-0025
(2017/08/31)
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- DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR LIGANDS
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The present invention relates to novel dopamine D2 receptor ligands. The invention further relates to functionally-biased dopamine D2 receptor ligands and the use of these compounds for treating or preventing central nervous system and systemic disorders associated with dysregulation of dopaminergic activity.
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Page/Page column 115; 116
(2016/07/05)
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- Rhodium Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2-Pyridine Ketones
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Catalyzed by [Rh(COD)Binapine]BF4, the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2-pyridine ketones has been achieved with excellent enantioselectivities (enantiomeric excesses up to 99%) under mild conditions. This method is suitable for various kinds of 2-pyridine ketones and their derivatives. A number of enantiomerically pure chiral 2-pyridine-aryl/alkyl alcohols were prepared through hydrogenation, which can be used directly in organic synthesis.
- Yang, Hailong,Huo, Ningning,Yang, Ping,Pei, Hao,Lv, Hui,Zhang, Xumu
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supporting information
p. 4144 - 4147
(2015/09/15)
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- Synthesis, characterization and in vitro evaluation of novel enantiomerically-pure sulphonamide antimalarials
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Malaria parasites are currently gaining drug-resistance rapidly, across countries and continents. Hence, the discovery and development of novel chemical scaffolds, with superior antimalarial activity remain an important priority, for the developing world. Our report describes the development, characterization and evaluation of novel bepotastine-based sulphonamide antimalarials inhibiting asexual stage development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro. The screening results showed potent inhibitory activity of a number of novel sulphonamides against P. falciparum at low micromolar concentrations, in particular in late-stage parasite development. Based on computational studies we hypothesize N-myristoyltransferase as the target of the compounds developed here. Our results demonstrate the value of novel bepotastine-based sulphonamide compounds for targeting the asexual developmental stages of P. falciparum.
- Anusha, Sebastian,Sinha, Ameya,Babu Rajeev,Chu, Trang T. T.,Mathai, Jessin,Ximei, Huang,Fuchs, Julian E.,Shivananju, Nanjundaswamy,Bender, Andreas,Preiser, Peter Rainer,Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.,Basappa,Chandramohanadas, Rajesh
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p. 10681 - 10690
(2015/11/17)
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- Facile one-pot synthesis of [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines from 2-acylpyridines by copper(II)-catalyzed oxidative N-N bond formation
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An efficient and simple method for the synthesis of various [1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridines has been established. The method involves a copper(II)-catalyzed oxidative N-N bond formation that uses atmospheric oxygen as the terminal oxidant following hydrazonation in one pot. The use of ethyl acetate as the solvent dramatically promotes the oxidative N-N bond-formation reaction and enables the application of oxidative cyclization in the efficient one-pot reaction. A mechanism for the reaction was proposed on the basis of the results of a spectroscopic study. In the same pot: [1,2,3]Triazolo[1,5-a] pyridines are synthesized from the corresponding 2-acylpyridines by a one-pot method, consisting of hydrazonation followed by oxidative cyclization through copper(II)-catalyzed N-N bond formation (see scheme).
- Hirayama, Tasuku,Ueda, Satoshi,Okada, Takahiro,Tsurue, Norihiko,Okuda, Kensuke,Nagasawa, Hideko
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supporting information
p. 4156 - 4162
(2014/04/17)
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- Effective dehydrogenation of 2-pyridylmethanol derivatives catalyzed by an iron complex
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An unprecedented iron complex-catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols was achieved using CpFe(CO)2Cl with a base or CpFe(CO)(Py)(Ph) as a catalyst without sacrificing the hydrogen acceptors. This reaction effectively (up to TON 67000) converted 2-pyridylmethanol derivatives to the corresponding ketones or aldehydes. The mechanistic study is also discussed. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Kamitani, Masahiro,Ito, Masaki,Itazaki, Masumi,Nakazawa, Hiroshi
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supporting information
p. 7941 - 7944
(2014/07/08)
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- Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation through activation of a carbonyl group using AlBr3: An easy access to pyridyl aryl/heteroaryl carbinols
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Aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic/electron rich heteroaromatic compounds with AlBr3 activated aldehydes/ketone to afford pyridyl aryl/heteroaryl or diaryl carbinols is described. The strong electron donating group dictates the regiochemical outcome of the product.
- Harikrishnan, Adhikesavan,Selvakumar, Jayaraman,Gnanamani, Elumalai,Bhattacharya, Suman,Ramanathan, Chinnasamy Ramaraj
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supporting information
p. 563 - 567
(2013/04/10)
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- Metalated N-heterocyclic reagents prepared by the frustrated Lewis pair TMPMgCl·BF3 and their addition to aromatic aldehydes and activated ketones
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Treatment of pyridines, quinoline and methylthiopyrazine with the frustrated Lewis pair TMPMgCl·BF3 (1) leads to organotrifluoro borates which react readily with a variety of aromatic aldehydes in the absence of a transition metal catalyst.
- Manolikakes, Sophia M.,Jaric, Milica,Karaghiosoff, Konstantin,Knochel, Paul
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supporting information
p. 2124 - 2126
(2013/03/28)
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- Reaction of Grignard reagents with carbonyl compounds under continuous flow conditions
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This contribution details how a continuous flow reactor was used to react carbonyl compounds with Grignard reagents at room temperature in an efficient and safe manner. Flow rate, residence time and temperature were optimized for the preparation of a small collection of secondary and tertiary alcohols. Excellent yields and general applicability were observed using the set-up protocol. The procedure was also applied for the preparation of Tramadol, an analgesic drug belonging to the opioid group. The developed conditions allowed the selective addition of Grignard reagents to aldehydes and ketones in the presence of a nitrile function.
- Riva,Gagliardi,Martinelli,Passarella,Vigo,Rencurosi
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experimental part
p. 3242 - 3247
(2010/05/19)
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- [1,2]-Anionic rearrangement of 2-benzyloxypyridine and related pyridyl ethers
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(Chemical Equation Presented) An anionic rearrangement of 2-benzyloxypyridine is described. Pyridine-directed metalation of the benzylic carbon leads to 1,2-migration of pyridine via a postulated associative mechanism (addition/elimination). Several aryl pyridyl carbinols were obtained in high yields. A formal synthesis of carbinoxamine, an antihistamine drug used for the treatment of seasonal allergies and hay fever, emerges from this methodology.
- Yang, Jingyue,Dudley, Gregory B.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7998 - 8000
(2010/03/01)
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- Slow-onset, long-duration, alkyl analogues of methylphenidate with enhanced selectivity for the dopamine transporter
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Methylphenidate analogues, in which the carbomethoxy has been replaced by an alkyl group and with different phenyl substituents, have been synthesized and tested in monoamine transporter assays. As predicted from a pharmacophore model, most of the RR/SS diastereomers showed high potency as dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Analogues with a 4-chlorophenyl group and an unbranched initial alkyl atom had consistently enhanced selectivity for the dopamine transporter. The most potent compounds were those with a three- or four-carbon chain. The "inactive" RS/SR diastereomers showed substantial activity when the phenyl substituent was 3,4-dichloro. On a locomotor assay, one compound was found to have a slow onset and a long duration of action. The activity of these compounds provides additional evidence for a conformational/superposition model of methylphenidate with cocaine-like structures. A ketone analogue, obtained by hydrogenating a previously described vinylogous amide, had activity similar to that of methylphenidate.
- Froimowitz, Mark,Gu, Yonghong,Dakin, Les A.,Nagafuji, Pamela M.,Kelley, Charles J.,Parrish, Damon,Deschamps, Jeffrey R.,Janowsky, Aaron
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p. 219 - 232
(2007/10/03)
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- Methylphenidate analogs and methods of use thereof
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Provided are analogs of methylphenidate (“MPH”) that are useful for the treatment of drug addiction, attention deficit disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and depression. The MPH analogs are extended duration compounds that bind to the dopamine transporter and the reuptake of dopamine in the afflicted individual's brain. Because of the extended duration of the MPH analogs, administration of the compounds is only required on a once or twice daily schedule.
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Page/Page column 7; sheet 1
(2010/11/08)
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- Vinylogous amide analogs of methylphenidate
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In an effort to produce compounds with longer durations of action, we attempted to synthesize ketone analogs of methylphenidate which, however, appear to be highly unstable due to a highly acidic proton alpha to the ketone and phenyl groups. Nevertheless, vinylogous amide by products have been synthesized and tested for activity at dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters. The compounds were found to be weak inhibitors of monoamine reuptake despite rigid three dimensional structures that are quite similar to the global minimum of threo-(R,R)-methylphenidate. The structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
- Froimowitz, Mark,Gu, Yonghong,Dakin, Les A.,Kelley, Charles J.,Parrish, Damon,Deschamps, Jeffrey R.
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p. 3044 - 3047
(2007/10/03)
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