- Synthesis and conformational analysis of poly(phenylacetylene)s with serinol-tethered carbohydrate appendages
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We synthesized phenylacetylenes containing β-lactoside, β-cellobioside, or β-maltoside, and polymerized them to produce the corresponding poly (phenylacetylene)s. In these poly (phenylacetylene)s, the pendent carbohydrates were tethered to the mainchains
- Masubuchi, Kana,Maehata, Masakiyo,Suzuki, Chieko,Matsuoka, Ryoji,Sekiguchi, Maki,Chigira, Naoto,Amano, Yoshitsugu,Inokuchi, Mayu,Li, Qintong,Hasegawa, Teruaki
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Read Online
- Chiral α-aminoxy acid/achiral cyclopropane α-aminoxy acid unit as a building block for constructing the α N-O helix
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(Figure Presented) The monomer 1 derived from achiral 1-(aminoxy) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (OAcc) and oligopeptides 2-9 consisting of a chiral α-aminoxy acid and an achiral α-aminoxy acid such as OAcc were synthesized and their structures characterized. The eight-membered-ring intramolecular hydrogen bond, namely the α N-O turn, was formed between adjacent residues independent of their chirality. However, the helix formation was sequence-dependent. Dipeptide 2 bearing chiral α-aminoxy acid (d-OAA) at the N-terminus and achiral OAcc at the C-terminus preferentially adopted a right-handed 1.88 helical structure, but dipeptide 3 (OAcc-d-OAA) did not. Theoretical calculation results, in good agreement with experimental ones, revealed that the biased handedness of α N-O turn found in OAcc residue depends on its preceding chiral residue. It was then found that the helical conformation was destroyed in the case of oligopeptides 6 and 7 [OAA-(OAcc) n, n = 2, 3]. The crystal structure of tripeptide 8 ( iPrCO-d-OVal-OAcc-d-OVal-NHiBu) further disclosed the helical structure formed by three consecutive homochiral α N-O turns. This study has uncovered achiral aminoxy acid residues such as the OAcc unit as a useful building block to be incorporated into chiral aminoxy peptides to mimic chiral helix structure.
- Yang, Dan,Chang, Xiao-Wei,Zhang, Dan-Wei,Jiang, Ze-Feng,Song, Ke-Sheng,Zhang, Yu-Hui,Zhu, Nian-Yong,Weng, Lin-Hong,Chen, Min-Qin
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Read Online
- Alcohol functionality in the fatty acid backbone of sphingomyelin guides the inhibition of blood coagulation
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Cell-surface sphingomyelin (SM) inhibits binary and ternary complex activity of blood coagulation by an unknown mechanism. Here we show the OH functionality of SM contributes in forming the close assembly through intermolecular H-bond and through Ca2+ chelation, which restricts the protein-lipid/protein-protein interactions and thus inhibits the coagulation procedure.
- Mallik,Prasad,Das,Sen
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p. 3390 - 3398
(2021/02/03)
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- N-Pyrazinoyl substituted amino acids as potential antimycobacterial agents-the synthesis and biological evaluation of enantiomers
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Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), each year causing millions of deaths. In this article, we present the synthesis and biological evaluations of new potential antimycobacterial compounds containing a fragment of the first-line antitubercular drug pyrazinamide (PZA), coupled with methyl or ethyl esters of selected amino acids. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated on a variety of (myco)bacterial strains, including Mtb H37Ra, M. smegmatis, M. aurum, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungal strains, including Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus. Emphasis was placed on the comparison of enantiomer activities. None of the synthesized compounds showed any significant activity against fungal strains, and their antibacterial activities were also low, the best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was 31.25 μM. However, several compounds presented high activity against Mtb. Overall, higher activity was seen in derivatives containing l-amino acids. Similarly, the activity seems tied to the more lipophilic compounds. The most active derivative contained phenylglycine moiety (PC-d/l-Pgl-Me, MIC 1.95 μg/mL). All active compounds possessed low cytotoxicity and good selectivity towards Mtb. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the activities of the d- and l-amino acid derivatives of pyrazinamide as potential antimycobacterial compounds.
- Bárta, Pavel,Dole?al, Martin,Horá?ek, Ond?ej,Jand'Ourek, Ond?ej,Janou?ek, Ji?í,Juhás, Martin,Kone?ná, Klára,Ku?era, Radim,Ku?erová, Lucie,Kubí?ek, Vladimír,Kune?, Ji?í,Paterová, Pavla,Zitko, Jan
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- Liposomal FRET Assay Identifies Potent Drug-Like Inhibitors of the Ceramide Transport Protein (CERT)
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Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) mediates non-vesicular transfer of ceramide from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus and thus catalyzes the rate-limiting step of sphingomyelin biosynthesis. Usually, CERT ligands are evaluated in tedious binding assays or non-homogenous transfer assays using radiolabeled ceramides. Herein, a facile and sensitive assay for CERT, based on F?rster resonance energy transfer (FRET), is presented. To this end, we mixed donor and acceptor vesicles, each containing a different fluorescent ceramide species. By CERT-mediated transfer of fluorescent ceramide, a FRET system was established, which allows readout in 96-well plate format, despite the high hydrophobicity of the components. Screening of a 2 000 compound library resulted in two new potent CERT inhibitors. One is approved for use in humans and one is approved for use in animals. Evaluation of cellular activity by quantitative mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy showed inhibition of ceramide trafficking and sphingomyelin biosynthesis.
- Aglar, ?znur,Arenz, Christoph,Banhart, Sebastian,Cong, Xiaojing,Hamdo, Housam H.,Heuer, Dagmar,Kleuser, Burkhard,M?ller, Heiko M.,Saied, Essa M.,Samaha, Doaa,Schumacher, Fabian
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supporting information
p. 16616 - 16621
(2020/11/30)
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- Nascent-HBr-Catalyzed Removal of Orthogonal Protecting Groups in Aqueous Surfactants
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Organic reactions in the aqueous environment have recently emerged as a promising research area. The generation of nascent-HBr from the slow hydrolysis of the dispersed catalyst, benzyl bromide, with the interior water present in the hydrophobic core of the confined micellar medium in aqueous surfactant is described for the first time. The sustained-release nascent-HBr enabled the chemoselective cleavages of acid-sensitive orthogonal functionalities present in carbohydrates, amino alcohols, and hydroxylated acyclic compounds in good to excellent yields.
- Bera, Smritilekha,Gupta, Shilpi,Mondal, Dhananjoy
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- Catalytic Mechanism Study on the 1,2- and 1,4-Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketimines and β-Enamino Esters Catalyzed by Axially Chiral Biscarboline-Based Alcohols
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Axial N-O alcohols, which have two large carboline moieties connected to the axis were synthesized and used in catalytic enantioselective 1,2- and 1,4-transfer hydrogenations of total 26 ketimines and β-enamino esters. Excellent levels of enantioselectivity ranging from 91% to 99% were achieved by using catalyst (aS)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide. Interestingly, a mixture of (aS)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide and (aR)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide was also able to provide high enantioselectivities up to 95% that is the same as that using pure (aS)-(S)-3,3′-bis((S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)-9,9′-dimethyl-9H,9′H-[1,1′-bipyrido[3,4-b]indole] 2-oxide. A plausible catalytic mechanism was suggested and total four kinds of transition states (TS) including almost 60 TS structures were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with different basis sets such as 6-311G(2d,p). The predicted activation energy data are consistent with the experimental results. (Figure presented.).
- Dong, Mengxian,Wang, Jie,Wu, Shijie,Zhao, Yang,Ma, Yangyang,Xing, Yongfei,Cao, Fei,Li, Longfei,Li, Zhenqiu,Zhu, Huajie
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supporting information
p. 4602 - 4610
(2019/08/30)
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- HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ABNORMAL CELLULAR PROLIFERATION
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This invention is in the area of heterocyclic-based compounds for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal cellular proliferation, including but not limited to tumors and cancers.
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Page/Page column 127-128
(2019/07/20)
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- Practical Cleavage of Acetals by Using an Odorless Thiol Immobilized on Silica
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A practical, efficient and general method was developed for the deprotection of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic acetals to their corresponding catechol or diol derivatives using thiol immobilized on silica gel. This is an application for the well-known commercial solid-supported thiol (SiliaMetS Thiol). The procedure is mild and amenable to scale-up. It does not require inert atmosphere and clean conversions were observed. This method is applicable to substituted 1,3-benzodioxole and aliphatic acetals with different functionalities. It offers the advantage of a general route with high yield, which can be undertaken at ambient temperature.
- de Léséleuc, Mylène,Kukor, Andrew,Abbott, Shaun D.,Zacharie, Boulos
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p. 7389 - 7393
(2019/12/03)
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- Glycosylated tris-bipyridine ferrous complexes as molecular mimics of densely packed glycoclusters on cell surfaces: spatial carbohydrate packing of glycoclusters changes on additions of salts
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Tris-bipyridine ferrous complexes having β-lactosides, β-maltosides or α-mannosides with serinol spacers were prepared as molecular mimics of densely packed carbohydrate clusters on cell surfaces. Conformational analysis on these glycosylated complexes we
- Chigira, Naoto,Maeda, Nao,Tachikawa, Kanako,Sekiguchi, Maki,Amano, Yoshitsugu,Inokuchi, Mayu,Li, Qintong,Hasegawa, Teruaki
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p. 246 - 267
(2019/06/25)
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- In situ formation of AuNPs using fatty N-acylamino hydrazide organogelators as templates
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This work reports, for the first time, the synthesis of new fatty N-acylamino hydrazides and demonstrates the activity of these compounds as low-molecular-weight organic gelators and templates for preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Initially, we evaluated the gelation properties of fatty N-acylamino hydrazides in various nonpolar and polar solvents (n-hexane, toluene, benzene, cyclohexane, and ethanol). Fatty N-acylamino hydrazide derived of the glycine and stearic acid (C18:0) did not form gels in any of the tested solvents. All other hydrazides did form gels in at least two of the organic solvents tested. The morphology of each gel was observed via scanning electron microscopy. The organogels derived from alanine, valine, and phenylalanine had translucid properties, while the serine organogels were opaque. Afterwards, the synthesis of AuNPs in the presence of the organogelator using microwave irradiation was realized. Organogelator agents reduced HAuCl4 showing plasmon band peaks between 530 and 543 nm. In addition, the method does not require a reducing agent, which is typically a potential source of contamination and toxicity. Therefore, this work confirms the importance of the hydrazide group of the new fatty N-acylamino hydrazides in gel formation and as organogelator agents for preparation of AuNPs.
- Ongaratto, Renata,Conte, Naiane,Montes D'Oca, Caroline R.,Brinkerhoff, Rafael C.,Ruas, Caroline Pires,Gelesky, Marcos Alexandre,Montes D'Oca, Marcelo G.
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p. 295 - 303
(2019/01/04)
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- Preparation method of 2,3-diamido methyl propionate
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The invention provides a preparation method of 2,3-diamido methyl propionate. According to the method, serine is used as a raw material, in methyl alcohol, thionyl chloride is used as a catalyst for preparing serine methylester, then the serine methyleste
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Paragraph 0036; 0039; 0040
(2019/02/04)
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- Functionalised bicyclic tetramates derived from cysteine as antibacterial agents
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Routes to bicyclic tetramates derived from cysteine permitting ready incorporation of functionality at two different points around the periphery of a heterocyclic skeleton are reported. This has enabled the identification of systems active against Gram-positive bacteria, some of which show gyrase and RNA polymerase inhibitory activity. In particular, tetramates substituted with glycosyl side chains, chosen to impart polarity and aqueous solubility, show high antibacterial activity coupled with modest gyrase/polymerase activity in two cases. An analysis of physicochemical properties indicates that the antibacterially active tetramates generally occupy physicochemical space with MW of 300-600, clog D7.4 of -2.5 to 4 and rel. PSA of 11-22%. This work demonstrates that biologically active 3D libraries are readily available by manipulation of a tetramate skeleton.
- Panduwawala, Tharindi D.,Iqbal, Sarosh,Thompson, Amber L.,Genov, Miroslav,Pretsch, Alexander,Pretsch, Dagmar,Liu, Shuang,Ebright, Richard H.,Howells, Alison,Maxwell, Anthony,Moloney, Mark G.
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supporting information
p. 5615 - 5632
(2019/06/13)
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- A formal synthesis of (–)-kainic acid by means of SMI2-mediated radical cyclization
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A formal synthesis of (–)-kainic acid (1) starting from the known D-serine derivative 9 has been established in 14 steps. Construction of all the stereogenic centers on the pyrrolidine core of 1 was successfully achieved by application of SmI2-mediated radical cyclization to the α,β-unsaturated ester having an alkyne moiety, followed by hydroxy group directed diastereoselective hydrogenation over Wilkinson’s catalyst.
- Takahashi, Kazunori,Ito, Takumi,Yamada, Wataru,Tsubuki, Masayoshi,Honda, Toshio
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p. 882 - 894
(2018/06/04)
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- Synthesis, insecticidal activities and SAR studies of novel anthranilic diamides containing trifluoroethoxyl substituent and chiral amino acid moieties
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Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) activator has become one class of popular insecticide because of its unique mode of action. In order to find more new RyRs activators as insecticidal agents, a series of 18 novel chiral anthranilic diamides were designed by introducing the D-alanine acid and D-serine acid esters as well as trifluoroethoxyl group into the anthranilic diamide skeleton and synthesized successfully based on anthranilic diamide and FKI-1033 structures. The structures of the title compounds Ia–i and IIa–i were confirmed by melting points, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and specific optical rotation analysis. The preliminary bioassay results indicated that most of the title compounds exhibited considerable larvicidal activities against oriental armyworm at 10 mg/L, especially Ib, Ie and IIh showed remarkable insecticidal activities at 0.5 mg/L. The larvicidal activity against diamondback moth of Ia and IId were 80% and 90% respectively at 0.0001 mg/L, which was similar to that of chlorantraniliprole. The relationship between structure and insecticidal activity was analyzed to reveal a possible co-regulated effect of the chiral amino acid ester, halogen atom or cyano group, and trifluoroethyloxyl group of the skeleton structures of the title compounds, which will provide useful information for guiding the design and discovery of new RyRs activators and insecticidal agrochemicals.
- Zhou, Shaa,Zhou, Sha,Xie, Yongtao,Meng, Xiangde,Wang, Baolei,Xiong, Lixia,Yang, Na,Li, Zhengming
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supporting information
p. 1254 - 1256
(2017/11/24)
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- 1,1-Diacyloxy-1-phenylmethanes as versatile N-acylating agents for amines
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1,1-Diacyloxy-1-phenylmethanes and 1-pivaloxy-1-acyloxy-1-phenylmethanes have been used as bench stable N-acylating reagents for primary and secondary amines and anilines under solvent-free conditions to afford their corresponding amides in good yield.
- Chapman, Robert. S.L.,Tibbetts, Joshua. D.,Bull, Steven. D.
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p. 5330 - 5339
(2018/06/15)
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- Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane and 1,1-diacylals as versatile O-formylating and O-acylating reagents for alcohols
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Formyloxyacetoxyphenylmethane, symmetric 1,1-diacylals and mixed 1-pivaloxy-1-acyloxy-1-phenylmethanes have been used as moisture stable O-formylating and O-acylating reagents for primary and secondary alcohols, allylic alcohols and phenols under solvent/catalyst free conditions to afford their corresponding esters in good yield.
- Chapman, Robert S.L.,Francis, Molly,Lawrence, Ruth,Tibbetts, Joshua D.,Bull, Steven D.
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p. 6442 - 6452
(2018/10/02)
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- Glycosylated α-Azido Amino Acids: Versatile Intermediates in the Synthesis of Neoglycoconjugates
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A series of glycosylated α-azido amino acids was synthesized as precursors for neoglycoconjugates, a class of important biomolecules for drug discovery, and sensor development. The synthetically challenging 1,2- cis α-galactosylated species described here
- O'Flaherty, Róisín,Velasco-Torrijos, Trinidad
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supporting information
p. 904 - 907
(2018/02/16)
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- Serine- and threonine-derived diamine equivalents for site-specific incorporation of platinum centers in peptides, and the anticancer potential of these conjugates
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A modular strategy that allows introduction of one or more reactive platinum units at chosen locations along a peptide sequence is presented. This makes use of diazides generated from serine and threonine as diamine equivalents which can be conjugated to the peptide under standard coupling conditions. Reduction of these diazides using Pd/C and H2 followed by platination affords the final products in good yields. Following this, we prepared a new class of peptide-platinum conjugates and carried out preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation and DNA interaction studies. Inclusion of lysine residues in the sequence was found to improve DNA interaction and anticancer activities compared to analogous conjugates with hydrophobic side chains.
- Kumbhakonam, Sateeshkumar,Vellaisamy, Kasipandi,Saroj, Soumya,Venkatesan, Nalini,Karunagaran,Manheri, Muraleedharan Kannoth
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p. 2450 - 2458
(2018/02/19)
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- Unlocking the potential of phenacyl protecting groups: CO2-based formation and photocatalytic release of caged amines
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Orthogonal protection and deprotection of amines remain important tools in synthetic design as well as in chemical biology and material research applications. A robust, highly efficient, and sustainable method for the formation of phenacyl-based carbamate esters was developed using CO2 for the in situ preparation of the intermediate carbamates. Our mild and broadly applicable protocol allows for the formation of phenacyl urethanes of anilines, primary amines, including amino acids, and secondary amines in high to excellent yields. Moreover, we demonstrate the utility by a mild and convenient photocatalytic deprotection protocol using visible light. A key feature of the [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2-catalyzed method is the use of ascorbic acid as reductive quencher in a neutral, buffered, two-phase acetonitrile/water mixture, granting fast and highly selective deprotection for all presented examples.
- Speckmeier, Elisabeth,Klimkait, Michael,Zeitler, Kirsten
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p. 3738 - 3745
(2018/04/14)
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- Total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid and (+)-: Allo -kainic acid through SmI2-mediated intramolecular coupling between allyl chloride and an α,β-unsaturated ester
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A 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolidine ring was effectively cyclized through SmI2-mediated reductive coupling between allyl chloride and an α,β-unsaturated ester, although little has been reported about SmI2-promoted C-C bond formation of an allyl chloride with an α,β-unsaturated ester. Selection of either the 3,4-cis- or 3,4-trans-selective cyclization can be accomplished simply by changing the additives from NiI2 to HMPA during reductive cyclization conducted in H2O-THF. Total synthesis of (-)-kainic acid and (+)-allo-kainic acid, which are pyrrolidine alkaloids used in neuroscience and neuropharmacology as useful molecular probes, was successfully achieved by using the stereo-complementary ring closure reactions promoted by SmI2 for the construction of the 2,3,4-trisubsituted pyrrolidine scaffold of kainoids.
- Suzuki, Junya,Miyano, Natsumi,Yashiro, Shunpei,Umezawa, Taiki,Matsuda, Fuyuhiko
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p. 6557 - 6566
(2017/08/16)
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- Amino-acid ester bromide type chiral ionic liquid and preparation method thereof
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The invention provides an amino-acid ester bromide type chiral ionic liquid and a preparation method thereof. The structural formual of the amino-acid ester bromide type chiral ionic liquid is as shown in the specification. In the structural formula, R is
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Paragraph 0060; 0061
(2017/02/28)
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- Naphthalenesulfonamide type compound, preparation method of naphthalenesulfonamide type compound and application of naphthalenesulfonamide type compound to adjustment of plant growth activity
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The invention discloses a naphthalenesulfonamide type compound, a preparation method of the naphthalenesulfonamide type compound and the application of the naphthalenesulfonamide type compound to adjustment of plant growth activity. The structure general formula of the naphthalenesulfonamide type compound is shown as the formula I. Please see the formula I in the specifications. The naphthalenesulfonamide type compound is simple in structure and has the excellent function of adjusting the plant growth activity, the preparation method of the naphthalenesulfonamide type compound is simple and practicable, and mass production is facilitated.
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Paragraph 0060; 0062; 0063; 0064
(2017/08/28)
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- Unveiling and tackling guanidinium peptide coupling reagent side reactions towards the development of peptide-drug conjugates
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Peptide coupling reagents and especially uronium/guanidinium salts have been extensively utilized in solid-phase peptide synthesis. However, the impact of these reagents in solution phase synthesis, normally used in the formation of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), has not been fully explored. Herein, we identified that when guanidinium salts are used in classical peptide coupling conditions, besides leading to the formation of amide bonds, a uronium derivative can also be installed on specific amino acid scaffolds. The formation of this side product depends on the reaction conditions, as also on the nucleophilicity of the susceptible groups. Conditions to avoid this side product formation and a putative reaction mechanism describing its formation are reported.
- Vrettos, Eirinaios I.,Sayyad, Nisar,Mavrogiannaki, Eftychia M.,Stylos, Evgenios,Kostagianni, Androniki D.,Papas, Serafim,Mavromoustakos, Thomas,Theodorou, Vassiliki,Tzakos, Andreas G.
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p. 50519 - 50526
(2017/11/10)
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- 1-HETEROARYL-INDOLINE-4-CARBOXAMIDES AS MODULATORS OF GPR52 USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF DISORDERS RELATED THERETO
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The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (la) and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that modulate the activity of GPR52. Compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are directed to methods useful in the treatment of a GPR52-mediated disorder (e.g., Huntington's disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or Tourette's syndrome); an extrapyramidal or movement disorder; a motor disorder; a hyperkinetic movement disorder; a psychotic disorder; catatonia; a mood disorder; a depressive disorder; an anxiety disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); an autism spectrum disorder; a prolactin-related disorder (e.g., hyperprolactinemia); a neurocognitive disorder; a trauma- or stressor-related disorder (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)); a disruptive, impulse-control, or conduct disorder; a sleep-wake disorder; a substance-related disorder; an addictive disorder; a behavioral disorder; hypofrontality; an abnormality in the tuberoinfundibular, mesolimbic, mesocortical, or nigrostriatal pathway; decreased activity in the striatum; cortical dysfunction; neurocognitive dysfunction; and conditions related thereto.
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Page/Page column 90; 91
(2016/11/17)
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- Structural verification via convergent total synthesis of dipeptide–lipids isolated from Porphyromonas gingivalis
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A periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, produces two serine dipeptide lipid classes that we labeled lipid 654 and lipid 430, and both contain L-serine as the terminal amino acid. The lipid 654 and lipid 430 classes are each comprised of three species with differing fatty acid substitutions, but the most abundant species demonstrate unit masses of either 654 or 430, respectively. Recently we observed that the lipid 654 can be hydrolyzed by specific lipases to lipid 430. However, a substantial percentage of the naturally occurring lipid 654 cannot be enzymatically hydrolyzed to lipid 430. The observed partial hydrolysis could be due to the presence of a mixture of stereoisomers. Testing this theory requires structural verification of our so-called 654 and 430 by total synthesis. We present herein details of the convergent synthesis of lipids 430 and 654, which confirm the proposed structure of P. gingivalis lipid 654 to be (3R and 3S)-L-serine-2. The bis(fatty acid) (3R)-L-serine-2 was prepared as well as the synthetic precursor, serine dipeptide mono-fatty acid (3R)-L-serine-1, which is the structure of lipid 430. We also synthesized the (3S)-L-serine-2 diastereomer as well as (3S)-L-serine-1. Using these synthetic standards, we confirmed that PLA2-mediated hydrolysis of lipid 654 is enantioselective in that only the (3R)-L-serine-2, but not (3S)-L-serine 2 is enzymatically hydrolyzed.
- Dietz, Christopher,Hart, Theresa K.,Nemati, Reza,Yao, Xudong,Nichols, Frank C.,Smith, Michael B.
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p. 7557 - 7569
(2016/11/11)
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- Docking model of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and nitromethylene neonicotinoid derivatives with a longer chiral substituent and their biological activities
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In the present study, nitromethylene neonicotinoid derivatives possessing substituents that contain a sulfur atom, oxygen atom or aromatic ring at position 5 on the imidazolidine ring were synthesized to evaluate their affinity for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and their insecticidal activity against adult female houseflies. Comparing the receptor affinity of the alkylated derivative with the receptor affinity of compounds possessing either ether or thioether groups revealed that conversion of the carbon atom to a sulfur atom did not influence the receptor affinity, whereas conversion to an oxygen atom was disadvantageous for the receptor affinity. The receptor affinity of compounds possessing a benzyl or phenyl group was lower than that of the unsubstituted compound. Analysis of the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship using comparative molecular field analysis demonstrated that steric hindrance of the receptor should exist around the C3 of an n-butyl group attached at position 5 on the imidazolidine ring. A docking study of the nAChR-ligand model suggested that the ligand-binding region expands as the length of the substituent increases by brushing against the amino acids that form the binding region. The insecticidal activity of the compounds was positively correlated with the receptor affinity by considering log P and the number of heteroatoms, including sulfur and oxygen atoms, in the substituents, suggesting that the insecticidal activity is influenced by the receptor affinity, hydrophobicity, and metabolic stability of the compounds.
- Nagaoka, Hikaru,Nishiwaki, Hisashi,Kubo, Takuya,Akamatsu, Miki,Yamauchi, Satoshi,Shuto, Yoshihiro
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p. 759 - 769
(2015/02/19)
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- Two rearrangement pathways in the geminal acylation of 2-methoxyoxazolidines leading to substituted 1,4-oxazines
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Lewis acid-mediated geminal acylation of 2-methoxyoxazolidines with five- or six-membered acyloins followed by heterocyclization afforded 1,4-oxazines fused to cyclopentenone or cyclohexenone rings. Overall yields ranged from 30 to 73%. The position of the carbonyl group in the products depended on whether or not water was present during the ringexpanding acyl migration step. The route lacking water during the acyl migration step was best conducted in one pot. The addition of water effected cleavage of a silyloxy group in the intermediate during the initial Mukaiyama aldol reaction prior to the acyl migration.
- Moulins, Jonathan R.,Hughes, Jeremy A.,Doyle, Lauren E.,Cameron, T. Stanley,Burnell, D. Jean
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p. 1325 - 1332
(2015/03/04)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of amide imidazole derivatives as novel metabolic enzyme CYP26A1 inhibitors
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All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) as a physiological metabolite of vitamin A is widely applied in the treatment of cancer, skin, neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. CYP26A1 enzyme, induced by ATRA in liver and target tissues, metabolizes ATRA into 4-hydroxyl-RA. Inhibition of CYP26A1 metabolic enzyme represents a promising strategy for discovery of new specific anticancer agents. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of new amide imidazole derivatives as retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs) toward CYP26A1 enzyme. First, based on the recent theoretical models (Sun et al., J. Mol. Graph. Model., 2015, 56, 10-19) a series of RAMBAs with novel scaffolds were designed using fragment-based drug discovery approach. Subsequently, the new RAMBAs were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities. All the compounds demonstrated appropriate enzyme activities and cell activities. The promising inhibitors 20 and 23 with IC50 value of 0.22 μM and 0.46 μM toward CYP26A1, respectively, were further evaluated for CYP selectivity and the metabolic profile of ATRA. Both compounds 20 and 23 showed higher selectivity for CYP26A1 over other CYPs (CYP2D6, CYP3A4) when compared to liarozole. They also showed better inhibitory activities for the metabolism of ATRA when also compared to liarozole. These studies further validated the pharmacophore and structure-activity relationship models obtained about CYP26A1 inhibitors and highlighted the promising activities of the new series of CYP26A1 inhibitors designed from such models. They also paved the way for future development of those candidates as potential drugs.
- Sun, Bin,Liu, Kai,Han, Jing,Zhao, Li-Yu,Su, Xiao,Lin, Bin,Zhao, Dong-Mei,Cheng, Mao-Sheng
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p. 6763 - 6773
(2015/10/20)
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- Efficient Synthesis of N-Sulfonyl β -Arylmethylalaninates from Serine via Ring Opening of N-Sulfonyl Aziridine-2-carboxylate
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We report the efficient synthesis of N-sulfonyl β-arylalanines methyl ester through regioselective ring opening of N-protected aziridines by variety of heteroaryl C-nucleophiles. We have optimized synthesis of N-protected aziridines with versatile protecting groups to afford 4a-c, 6a, and 6b with moderate to good yields using sulfuryl chloride, triethyl amine, and toluene at -50 °C. The present work reports on the studies related to electronic effect of nitrogen substituent on aziridination from the inexpensive starting material DL-serine. The present investigation also reports the efficient synthesis of N-sulfonyl β-arylmethylalaninates (7a-e and 8a-e) by regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of N-sulfonamido-protected aziridines using various aryl moieties such as C-nucleophiles and Lewis acids (InCl3, FeCl3, Cu(OTf)2) as catalysts and some trials by ring opening using Grignard reagent. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
- Chaudhari, Prashant,Bari, Sanjay
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supporting information
p. 401 - 412
(2015/10/29)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of lanthionine derivatives in aqueous solution and their incorporation into the peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli
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The three diastereoisomers - (R,R), (S,S) and meso - of lanthionine were synthesized in aqueous solution with high diastereoselectivity (>99%). The (S) and (R) enantiomers of two differently protected sulfamidates were opened by nucleophilic attack of (R) or (S)-cysteine. Acidification and controlled heating liberated the free lanthionines. Using the same chemistry, an α-benzyl lanthionine was also prepared. The proposed method, which avoids the need of enrichment by recrystallization, opens the way to the labelling of these compounds with 35S. Furthermore, in vivo bioincorporation into Escherichia coli W7 was studied. No incorporation of α-benzyl lanthionine was observed. In contrast, meso-lanthionine can effectively replace meso-diaminopimelic acid in vivo, while in the presence of (R,R)-lanthionine the initial increase of bacterial growth was followed by cell lysis. In the future, meso-[35S]lanthionine could be used to study the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan and its turnover in relation to cell growth and division.
- Denoel, Thibaut,Zervosen, Astrid,Gerards, Thomas,Lemaire, Christian,Joris, Bernard,Blanot, Didier,Luxen, Andre
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p. 4621 - 4628
(2014/10/16)
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- SPIRO-LACTAM NMDA RECEPTOR MODULATORS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed are compounds having enhanced potency in the modulation of NMD A receptor activity. Such compounds are contemplated for use in the treatment of conditions such as depression and related disorders. Orally available formulations and other pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of the compounds, including intravenous formulations, are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 00151
(2014/08/19)
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- NOVEL 6-BRIDGED HETEROARYLDIHYDROPYRIMIDINES FOR THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
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The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or tautomerism isomers, or enantiomers, or diastereomers thereof. The invention also contains compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.
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Paragraph 1000
(2014/12/09)
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- DIPEPTIDE AND TRIPEPTIDE EPOXY KETONE PROTEASE INHIBITORS
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Provided herein are dipeptide and tripeptide epoxy ketone protease inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula (X): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions including the same. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of proliferative diseases including cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Paragraph 00311; 00312
(2014/10/04)
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- 6-BRIDGED HETEROARYLDIHYDROPYRIMIDINES FOR THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION
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The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, or tautomerism isomers, or enantiomers, or diastereomers thereof. The invention also contains compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds for the treatment or prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus infection.
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Page/Page column 139; 140
(2014/12/12)
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- AMIDINE SUBSTITUTED BETA - LACTAM COMPOUNDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
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The present invention relates to novel β-lactam compounds of formula (I), their preparation and use. In particular, this invention relates to novel β-lactam compounds which are amidine substituted monobactam derivatives useful as antimicrobial agents and their preparation.
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Paragraph 00102; 00103
(2013/08/15)
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- PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF (R)-2-ACETAMIDO-N-BENZYL-3-METHOXYPROPIONAMIDE AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF
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This invention relates to processes for the preparation of (R)-2- acetamido-/V-benzyl-3-methoxypropionamide (I) and intermediates thereof. Formula (I).
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Page/Page column 17
(2013/03/28)
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- C-Glycosyl amino acids through hydroboration-cross-coupling of exo-glycals and their application in automated solid-phase synthesis
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O-Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins. The attachment of carbohydrates to the peptide backbone influences the conformation as well as the solubility of the conjugates and can even be essential for binding to specific ligands in cell-cell interactions or for active transport over membranes. This makes glycopeptides an interesting class of compounds for medical applications. To enhance the long-term availability of these molecules in vivo, the stabilization of the glycosidic bond between the amino acid residue and the carbohydrate is of interest. The described modular approach affords β-linked C-glycosyl amino acids by a sequence of Petasis olefination of glyconolactones, stereoselective hydroboration and a mild B-alkyl-Suzuki coupling reaction. The coupling products were transformed to C-glycosyl amino acid building-blocks suitable for solid-phase synthesis and successfully incorporated into a partial sequence of the tumor-associated MUC1-glycopeptide. The resulting C-glycopeptides are candidates for the development of long-term stable mimics of O-glycopeptide vaccines. Copyright
- Koch, Stefan,Schollmeyer, Dieter,L?we, Holger,Kunz, Horst
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p. 7020 - 7041
(2013/07/05)
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- A new synthesis of chiral oxazolidinones from the amino acid L-serine
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Cyclization of the (4S)-PhCH2OCONHCH(CH2OH)CONHN=CH- aryl, obtained in 4 steps from L-serine, on treatment with MeI and potassium carbonate, generates the chiral oxazolidinones, (4S)-N'-[(E)-(phenyl) methylidene]-Nmethyl- 2-oxo-1,3-o
- Nogueira, Thais C. M.,Pinheiro, Alessandra C.,Kaiser, Carlos R.,Wardell, James L.,Wardell, Solange M. S. V.,De Souza, Marcus V. N.
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p. 626 - 631
(2013/12/04)
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- CONFORMATIONALLY CONSTRAINED, FULLY SYNTHETIC MACROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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The conformationally restricted, spatially defined macrocyclic ring system of formula (I) is constituted by three distinct molecular parts: Template A, conformation Modulator B and Bridge C. Macrocycles described by this ring system I are readily manufactured by parallel synthesis or combinatorial chemistry in solution or on solid phase. They are designed to interact with a variety of specific biological target classes, examples being agonistic or antagonistic activity on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), inhibitory activity on enzymes or antimicrobial activity. In particular, these macrocycles show inhibitory activity on endothelin converting enzyme of subtype 1 (ECE-1 ) and/or the cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS), and/or act as antagonists of the oxytocin (OT) receptor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor and/or leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor, and/or as agonists of the bombesin 3 (BB3) receptor, and/or show antimicrobial activity against at least one bacterial strain. Thus they are showing great potential as medicaments for a variety of diseases.
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Page/Page column 130
(2013/10/08)
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- HR-MALDI-MS imaging assisted screening of β-Carboline alkaloids discovered from mycena metata
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Fruiting bodies of Mycena metata were screened for the presence of new secondary metabolites by means of HPLC-UV, LC-HR-ESIMS, and high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (HRMALDI- MS imaging). Thus, a new β-carboline alkaloid, 6-hydroxymetatacarboline D (1d), was isolated from fruiting bodies of M. metata. 6-Hydroxymetatacarboline D consists of a highly substituted β-carboline skeleton, which is likely to be derived biosynthetically from L-tryptophan, 2-oxoglutaric acid, L-threonine, and L-proline. The structure of the alkaloid was established by 2D NMR spectroscopic methods and HR-ESIMS. Moreover, by extensive application of LC-HR-ESIMS, LC-HR-ESIMS/MS, and LC-HR-ESIMS3 techniques we were able to elucidate the structures of a number of accompanying β-carboline alkaloids, 1a- 1c, 1e-1i, and 2a-2g, structurally closely related to 6-hydroxymetatacarboline D, which are present in M. metata in minor amounts. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic centers of the β-carboline alkaloids was determined by GC-MS comparison with authentic synthetic samples after hydrolytic cleavage and derivatization of the resulting amino acids.
- Jaeger, Robert J. R.,Lamshoeft, Marc,Gottfried, Sebastian,Spiteller, Michael,Spiteller, Peter
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p. 127 - 134
(2013/06/27)
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- Nature-inspired total synthesis of (-)-fusarisetin A
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A concise, protecting group-free total synthesis of (-)-fusarisetin A (1) was efficiently achieved in nine steps from commercially available (S)-(-)-citronellal. The synthetic approach was inspired by our proposed biosynthesis of 1. Key transformations of our strategy include a facile construction of the decalin moiety that is produced via a stereoselective IMDA reaction and a one-pot TEMPO-induced radical cyclization/aminolysis that forms the C ring of 1. Our route is amenable to analogue synthesis for biological evaluation.
- Xu, Jing,Caro-Diaz, Eduardo J. E.,Trzoss, Lynnie,Theodorakis, Emmanuel A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5072 - 5075
(2012/05/07)
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- BORON CONTAINING POLYBASIC BACTERIAL EFFLUX PUMP INHIBITORS AND THERAPEUTICS USES THEREOF
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Disclosed herein are polybasic bacterial efflux pump inhibitors containing boronic acid functionality and theft methods of synthesis, methods of use, and pharmaceutical compositions. Some embodiments include methods of treating or preventing a bacterial infection by co-administering to a subject infected with bacteria or at risk of infection with bacteria the efflux pump inhibitor with another anti-bacterial agent
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Page/Page column 59-60
(2012/08/28)
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- Transformation of d-serine to highly functionalized cyclohexenecarboxylates in study of oseltamivir synthesis
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In an attempted synthesis of oseltamivir, D-serine was used to prepare (R)-Garner aldehyde, which reacted with vinylzinc reagent to give an alcohol product predominating in the (1′R,4S)-isomer. After the alcohol was protected as p-methoxybenzyl ether, the N,O-acetal was hydrolyzed and oxidized to an aldehyde, which underwent Reformatsky-type reaction with ethyl α-(bromomethyl)acrylate by promotion of indium to give an addition product readily for ring-closure metathesis to afford 3-alkoxy-4-amido-5-hydroxy-1- cyclohexenecarboxylates. After activation of the 5-hydroxy group as methanesulfonate, an attempted substitution reaction with sodium azide gave unexpectedly a cyclic carbamate via an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the 4-tert-butoxycarbamate group.
- Lai, Joshua,Fang, Jim-Min
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scheme or table
p. 426 - 435
(2012/08/07)
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- Catalytic asymmetric [4+2] annulation initiated by an aza-rauhut-currier reaction: Facile entry to highly functionalized tetrahydropyridines
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Under control: The first example of chiral amino phosphine catalysts for the title reaction between vinyl ketones and N-sulfonyl-1-aza-1,3-dienes has been developed. Under ambient conditions, this protocol provides straightforward access to densely functionalized, enantioenriched tetrahydropyridines with high levels of sterecontrol in good to excellent yields. Copyright
- Shi, Zugui,Yu, Peiyuan,Loh, Teck-Peng,Zhong, Guofu
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 7825 - 7829
(2012/09/08)
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- One-pot and microwave-assisted synthesis of N-sulfonylaziridines
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A novel and efficient microwave-assisted one-step reaction was developed to synthesize chiral N-sulfonylaziridines by the reaction of different chiral amino alcohols and sulfonic chlorides. The newly developed microwave synthetic method has the advantage of reducing the reaction time from 24 to 0.5 h with improved yields (84-93%) and minimizing by-products.
- Xu, Hao,Tian, Hua,Zheng, Liangyu,Liu, Qingwen,Wang, Li,Zhang, Suoqin
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body text
p. 2873 - 2875
(2011/06/21)
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- Evaluation of α-pyrones and pyrimidones as photoaffinity probes for affinity-based protein profiling
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α-Pyrones and pyrimidones are common structural motifs in natural products and bioactive compounds. They also display photochemistry that generates high-energy intermediates that may be capable of protein reactivity. A library of pyrones and pyrimidones was synthesized, and their potential to act as photoaffinity probes for nondirected affinity-based protein profiling in several crude cell lysates was evaluated. Further "proof-of-principle" experiments demonstrate that a pyrimidone tag on an appropriate scaffold is equally capable of proteome labeling as a benzophenone.
- Battenberg, Oliver A.,Nodwell, Matthew B.,Sieber, Stephan A.
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experimental part
p. 6075 - 6087
(2011/10/09)
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- Simultaneous determination of serine enantiomers in plasma using Mosher's reagent and stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
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D-Serine is a co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in glutamate neurotransmission and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent for schizophrenia. However, D-serine also acts as a nephrotoxic substance in rats at high doses. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of D-serine, a method for the stereoselective determination of serine enantiomers in rat plasma was developed using GC-MS with selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM). DL-[2H3]Serine was used as an internal standard to account for losses associated with the extraction, derivatization and chromatography. Serine enantiomers were purified by cation-exchange chromatography using BondElut SCX cartridge and derivatized with HCl in methanol to form methyl ester followed by subsequent N,O-diacylation with optically active (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride to form epimeric amide. Quantitation was performed by SIM of the molecular-related ions of the epimers in the chemical ionization mode. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the assay was less than 5% for D-serine and 3% for L-serine. The method was successively applied to study the pharmacokinetics of D-serine in rats. Copyright
- Hasegawa, Hiroshi,Shinohara, Yoshihiko,Masuda, Nami,Hashimoto, Takao,Ichida, Kimiyoshi
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scheme or table
p. 502 - 507
(2012/04/23)
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- Comparison of liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS) and gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) for the determination of collagen amino acid δ13C values for palaeodietary and palaeoecological reconstruction
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Results are presented of a comparison of the amino acid (AA) δ13C values obtained by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) and liquid chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC/IRMS). Although the primary focus was the compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of bone collagen AAs, because of its growing application for palaeodietary and palaeoecological reconstruction, the results are relevant to any field where AA δ13C values are required. We compare LC/IRMS with the most up-to-date GC/C/IRMS method using N-acetyl methyl ester (NACME) AA derivatives. This comparison involves the analysis of standard AAs and hydrolysates of archaeological human bone collagen, which have been previously investigated as N-trifluoroacetyl isopropyl esters (TFA/IP). It was observed that, although GC/C/IRMS analyses required less sample, LC/IRMS permitted the analysis of a wider range of AAs, particularly those not amenable to GC analysis (e.g. arginine). Accordingly, reconstructed bulk δ13C values based on LC/IRMS-derived δ13C values were closer to the EA/IRMS-derived δ13C values than those based on GC/C/IRMS values. The analytical errors for LC/IRMS AA δ13C values were lower than GC/C/IRMS determinations. Inconsistencies in the δ13C values of the TFA/IP derivatives compared with the NACME- and LC/IRMS-derived δ13C values suggest inherent problems with the use of TFA/IP derivatives, resulting from: (i) inefficient sample combustion, and/or (ii) differences in the intra-molecular distribution of δ13C values between AAs, which are manifested by incomplete combustion. Close similarities between the NACME AA δ13C values and the LC/IRMS-derived δ13C values suggest that the TFA/IP derivatives should be abandoned for the natural abundance determinations of AA δ13C values.
- Dunn, Philip J. H.,Honch, Noah V.,Evershed, Richard P.
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experimental part
p. 2995 - 3011
(2012/05/20)
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- Discovery of DA-1229: A potent, long acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
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A series of β-amino amide containing substituted piperazine-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl pepdidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. As results of intensive SAR study of the series, (R)-4-[(R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)- butanoyl]-3-(t-butoxymethyl)-piperazin-2-one (DA-1229) displayed potent DPP-4 inhibition pattern in several animal models, was selected for clinical development.
- Kim, Heung Jae,Kwak, Woo Young,Min, Jong Pil,Lee, Jae Young,Yoon, Tae Hyun,Kim, Ha Dong,Shin, Chang Yell,Kim, Mi Kyung,Choi, Song Hyen,Kim, Hae Sun,Yang, Eun Kyoung,Cheong, Ye Hwang,Chae, Yu Na,Park, Kyung Jin,Jang, Ji Myun,Choi, Soo Jung,Son, Moon Ho,Kim, Soon Hoe,Yoo, Moohi,Lee, Bong Jin
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scheme or table
p. 3809 - 3812
(2011/07/31)
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- N-benzyl-protection of amino acid derivatives by reductive alkylation with α-picoline-borane
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A convenient method for N-protection of amino acid derivatives with a benzyl group by reductive alkylation of amino acid derivatives with α-picoline-borane is described. Amino acid esters or amino alcohols were treated with aryl aldehydes in methanol/acetic acid in the presence of -picoline-borane to give N-benzyl-protected amino acid derivatives in good yields. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart - New York.
- Kawase, Yasushi,Yamagishi, Takehiro,Kutsuma, Teruo,Kataoka, Tadashi,Ueda, Kimio,Iwakuma, Takeo,Nakata, Tadashi,Yokomatsu, Tsutomu
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experimental part
p. 1673 - 1677
(2010/06/22)
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