- Porous polymer oil sorbents based on PET fibers with crosslinked copolymer coatings
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Oil sorbents - namely materials that can be used to extract oil after a spill - were fabricated from non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (NWPET) fibers modified by the adherence of crosslinked polymer coatings to the fiber surface. The NWPET fibers, which serve as a structural support for the applied functional coatings, were produced from recycled PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles. The oil absorbing coatings were comprised of crosslinked homopolymers and copolymers based on octadecyl acrylate (ODA), maleic anhydride (MA), and related esters of MA. The crosslinked polymer networks were synthesized by both suspension and bulk polymerization techniques using divinylbenzene (DVB) as the crosslinking agent. Efficacy of the coated NWPET fibers as oil sorbers was determined by oil absorption tests in toluene and in 10% crude oil in toluene. Rigidity, porosity and swelling of the crosslinked polymers were evaluated and correlated to the chemical structures, composition, and reaction media. Suspension polymerization yielded the desired morphology and function, providing higher porosity and in consequence a high absorption capacity.
- Atta, Ayman M.,Brostow, Witold,Hagg Lobland, Haley E.,Hasan, Abdul-Raheim M.,Perez, Jose M.
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p. 25849 - 25857
(2013/12/04)
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- Efficient synthesis of symmetrical phthalate and maleate diesters using phosphinite ionic liquids
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Symmetrical dialkyl phthalates and maleates were synthesized using phosphinite ionic liquid as a catalyst and reaction medium. The results indicated that phosphinite ionic liquid shows better catalytic and reusable performance without using any acid or base catalyst. Under the optimum conditions, using 1-methyl-3-(4-phosphinitebutyl) imidazolium chloride as catalyst, the conversion of phthalic and maleic anhydrides to the corresponding diesters of primary and secondary alcohols was occurred in 72-85% yields. The diesters of tertiary alcohols and phenols could not be prepared by this method. A kind of widely used plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, was prepared in good yield under these conditions. The ionic liquid could be reused three times after easy separation from the products without any disposal. Iranian Chemical Society 2012.
- Valizadeh,Khalili
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p. 529 - 534
(2013/02/22)
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- Role of the succinate skeleton in the disorder-order transition of AOT and its analogous molecules: Detection by infrared absorption spectra of the configurations arising from the difference in torsion angles of the succinate skeleton
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The IR spectra in the 13001450 cm-1 region, which reflect the CH and CH2 deformation vibrational modes of the succinate skeleton, have been investigated in detail for sodium dialkylsulfonates (alkyl groups: Ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, and n-dodecyl) and sodium 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (sodium 1,2-bis(2- ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)ethanesulfonate) (AOT). The results have provided clear evidence that two configurations, arising from the difference in the torsion angles of the succinate skeleton, are preferentially stabilized in aqueous solution as well as in the solid state, depending upon the concentration. Thus, the IR spectra of this region can be used as a powerful tool for elucidation of the mechanism of the disorderorder transition in aggregate systems of AOT or its homologs at the molecular level.
- Okabayashi, Hiro-Fumi,Izawa, Ken-Ichi,Sumiya, Akiko,Eastoe, Julian,O'Connor, Charmian J.
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experimental part
p. 651 - 659
(2010/08/08)
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- Solubility and phase behaviors of AOT analogue surfactants in 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and supercritical carbon dioxide
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A series of AOT (aerosol-OT) analogue surfactants (sodium salt of dibutyl-2-sulfosuccinate, sodium salt of dipentyl-2-sulfosuccinate, sodium salt of dihexyl-2-sulfosuccinate, and sodium salt of dioctyl-2-sulfosuccinate) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and elemental analysis. A static method coupled with gravimetric analysis is developed to measure the solubility of the surfactants in 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) and supercritical CO2 (scCO2). The solubilities of the surfactants in HFC-134a and scCO2 are affected by the temperature, pressure, and carbon atom number of the surfactant. The solubility of the same surfactant in HFC-134a solvent is approximately two times that in the most commonly used supercritical solvent CO2. The pressure-temperature phase diagrams for water/MFC-134a microemulsions stabilized by the surfactants were determined using cloud-point measurements for a concentration range of the surfactant from (1.85 × 10-3 to 5.60 × 10-3) M, temperature up to 338 K, and pressure up to 40 MPa in a high-pressure vessel. At a fixed temperature, the cloud-point pressure increased with increasing water-to-surfactant molar ratio (Wo). At a fixed Wo, the cloudpoint pressure decreased with increasing temperature. The surfactant with the longest hydrocarbon chain has the highest cloud-point pressure even at lower surfactant concentrations.
- Liu, Zhao-Tie,Liu, Ling,Wu, Jin,Song, Liping,Gao, Ziwei,Dong, Wensheng,Lu, Jian
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p. 2045 - 2050
(2007/10/03)
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- Solubilities of AOT analogues surfactants in supercritical CO2 and HFC-134a fluids
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A series of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) analogue surfactants [sodium dibutyl sulfosuccinate (DBSS), sodium dipentyl sulfosuccinate (DPSS), sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (DHSS), and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS)] were synthesized and characterized with 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The solubilities of surfactants in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) fluids at a temperature range from (308 to 338) K and under pressures of (10 to 30) MPa were measured using a static method coupled with gravimetric analysis. The solubilities of these surfactants are much higher in HFC-134a fluid as compared with that in scCO2. The solubilities increased with increasing temperature and pressure for both scCO2 and HFC-134a fluids. The solubilities in scCO2 increased with increasing carbon atom number of surfactant, whereas they decreased with increasing carbon atom number of surfactant in HFC-134a. The density of scCO2 was simulated with the Peng-Robinson (P-R) equation. The experimental data were used to validate the accuracy of the P-R equation.
- Liu, Zhao-Tie,Wu, Jin,Liu, Ling,Sun, Changan,Song, Liping,Gao, Ziwei,Dong, Wensheng,Lu, Jian
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p. 1761 - 1768
(2007/10/03)
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- Raman and IR spectroscopic studies of the interaction between counterion and polar group in self-assembled systems of AOT-homologous 'sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinates'
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Headgroup-counterion interactions have been studied for a homologous series of sodium dialkyl sulfosuccinates (SDAS) with propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl chains as Aerosol-OT analogues. Raman scattering and IR absorption spectra were recorded and compared with those for dimethyl sulfosuccinate monohydrate, diethyl sulfosuccinate trihydrate and diheptyl sulfosuccinate dihydrate, whose crystal structures are known. The spectral features of the C=O and SO3- stretch modes directly reflect the interaction between the polar group and the Na+ ion and depend strongly upon the environment of hydration. The results may be summarized as follows. For the SDAS monohydrates in the solid state, there exists a strong interaction between the β C=O group and the Na+ ion, as a consequence of coordination of the β C=O to the Na+ ion, resulting in splitting of the C=O stretch modes. In particular, the common Raman (IR) bands observed at 1705- 1707 (1706-1708) and 1730-1732 (1732-1733) cm-1 may be assigned to the β C=O group coordinated to the Na+ counterion and the hydrated α C=O group, respectively. The extent of splitting of these bands is a measure of the strength of this C=O···Na+ interaction. Coordination of the β C=O to the Na+ ion also affects the C=O deformation modes of the O-C=O linkage. An increased hydration number and longer hydrocarbon chains induce a weak interaction between the C=O group and the Na+ ion. The SO3-···Na6+ interaction reflects the SO3- stretch modes, depending upon the extent of hydration. Furthermore, for the SDAS samples in the organic and aqueous microphases, Raman (IR) bands characteristic of the C=O and SO3-1 groups have been used successfully to account for the interaction between the polar group and the Na+ ion.
- Nagasoe, Yasuyuki,Ichiyanagi, Naoki,Okabayashi, Hirofumi,Nave, Sandrine,Eastoe, Julian,O'Connor, Charmian J.
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p. 4395 - 4407
(2007/10/03)
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- Montmorillonite clay catalysis. Part 10. K-10 and KSF-catalysed acylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines: Scope and limitation
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Montmorillonite K-10 and KSF are highly efficient catalysts for the acetylation of a variety of alcohols, thiols, phenols and amines with acetic anhydride. Amino groups can be selectively acetylated in the presence of hydroxy groups, while the hydroxy groups can be preferentially acetylated in the presence of thiol groups. No selectivity is observed between primary and secondary hydroxy groups in the presence of K-10 and KSF. The catalysts are found not to be efficient for acetylation of tertiary alcohols. This method is simple and convenient with minimum environmental impact. The catalysts are also effective for the acylation of alcohols, thiols, phenols and amines with acetyl chloride and benzoyl chloride. Cyclic anhydrides such as succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride and p-toluene sulfonyl chloride show less reactivity than acetic anhydride and acyl chlorides.
- Li, Tong-Shuang,Li, Ai-Xiao
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p. 1913 - 1917
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of novel amphiphilic compounds containing AZA-12-crown-4 or D-glucosamine and their ion permeability
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New amphiphilic compounds (Types 1, 2, and 3) composed of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, octanol, and aza-12-crown-4 or D-glucosamine were synthesized. Aza-12-crown-4 was connected to an amphiphlic alkyl chain by the -CO-N- linkage in Type 1 and by -C-N- in Type 2, and D-glucosamine was connected to it by -CO-N- in Type 3. The ion permeability of these compounds was elucidated by means of the black lipid membrane method with an alternating current (a,c.). Only Type 2 compound showed significant transmembrane currents when incorporated into the lipid bilayer membrane in aqueous NaCl, KC1, and RbCl solutions.
- Katoh, Akira,Ishida, Shin-Ichi,Ohkanda, Junko,Washizu, Masao
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p. 589 - 599
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel sulphosuccinates and detergent compositions containing them
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The invention provides novel dialkyl sulphosuccinates in which one alkyl group is C6 and the other is C8, both alkyl groups preferably being straight chain. The soluble salts of these materials are useful detergents, exhibiting outstandingly good foaming performance, and may be used, for example, in shampoos, fabric washing compositions and, in particular, manual dishwashing compositions.
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