- NMR Relaxation in Isotropic Surfactant Systems. A 2H, 13C, and 14N NMR Study of the Micellar (L1) and Cubic (I1) Phases in the Dodecyltrimethylammonium Chloride/Water System
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A 2H, 13C, 14N NMR spin relaxation study of micellar solutions and cubic liquid-crystalline phases formed in the two-component system dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DOTAC)1/water is presented.In particular, based on multifield 2H NMR relaxation data, covering the frequency range 1.8-55.2 MHz, it is concluded that the NMR spin relaxation in ordinary micelles is determined by the fast local motion (trans-gauche isomerization) of the CD2 segment of the hydrocarbon chains of the monomers and the rotational tumbling of the micelles and diffusion of monomers over the (curved) micellar surface.There is no need to invoke other motions to explain the spin relaxation over a wide frequency range for he micellar case.For the cubic phase at high water content, the relaxation data are interpreted in favor of a novel structure, recently presented for this phase.The data also indicate that the interior or the amphiphilic aggregates is liquidlike and that the orientational order imposed by the hydrophobic-hydrophylic interface depends only weakly on the geometry of aggregates.
- Soderman, Olle,Walderhaug, Harald,Henriksson, Ulf,Stilbs, Peter
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- POCl3 promoted metal-free synthesis of tertiary amides by coupling of carboxylic acids and N,N-disubstituted formamides
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Herein we report a robust and synthetically useful catalyst-free amination methodology by the coupling of carboxylic acids and N-substituted formamides using POCl3 as a promoter. Versatile amides with a wide array of substituent groups were prepared within only 1 h in good to excellent yields. And even multi-substituted aromatic carboxylic acids could give the desired products with satisfactory results.
- Bi, Xiaojing,Li, Junchen,Shi, Enxue,Li, Yu,Liu, Ying,Wang, Hongmei,Xiao, Junhua
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supporting information
p. 236 - 240
(2019/04/25)
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- Ni-Catalyzed Α-Alkylation of Unactivated Amides and Esters with Alcohols by Hydrogen Auto-Transfer Strategy
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A transition-metal-catalyzed borrowing hydrogen/hydrogen auto-transfer strategy allows the utilization of feedstock alcohols as an alkylating partner, which avoids the formation of stoichiometric salt waste and enables a direct and benign approach for the construction of C-N and C?C bonds. In this study, a nickel-catalyzed α-alkylation of unactivated amides and ester (tert-butyl acetate) is carried out by using primary alcohols under mild conditions. This C?C bond-forming reaction is catalyzed by a new, molecularly defined nickel(II) NNN-pincer complex (0.1–1 mol %) and proceeds through hydrogen auto-transfer, thereby releasing water as the sole byproduct. In addition, N-alkylation of cyclic amides under Ni-catalytic conditions is demonstrated.
- Midya, Siba P.,Rana, Jagannath,Pitchaimani, Jayaraman,Nandakumar, Avanashiappan,Madhu, Vedichi,Balaraman, Ekambaram
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p. 3911 - 3916
(2018/11/23)
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- FeCl3 catalyzed amide compound synthesis method
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The invention relates to an FeCl3 catalyzed amide compound synthesis method. According to the synthesis method, carboxylic acid and N-substituted formamide are employed to synthesize an amide compound under the catalysis of FeCl3. The synthesis method provided by the invention has the characteristics of mild conditions, high reaction efficiency, and wide applicability to substrates of different functional groups. The amide compound efficiently constructed by the invention is an important skeleton of many organic molecules, drugs, proteins and bioactive molecules. The synthesis method provided by the invention provides a widely applicable preparation method for synthesis of the compounds.
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Paragraph 0075; 0076; 0077; 0078; 0079
(2018/03/28)
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- Pd(PPh3)4 catalyzed amide compound synthesis method
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The invention relates to a Pd(PPh3)4 catalyzed amide compound synthesis method. The synthesis method takes carboxylic acid as the substrate, and adopts N-substituted formamide as the amine source to synthesize an amide compound under the catalysis of Pd(PPh3)4. The method is widely applicable to substrates with different functional groups. The amide compound efficiently constructed by the invention is an important skeleton of many organic molecules, drugs, peptides, bioactive molecules and natural products. The synthesis method provided by the invention provides a widely applicable preparation method for synthesis of the compounds.
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Paragraph 0086; 0087; 0088; 0089; 0090
(2017/12/27)
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- Aliphatic carboxylic acid amide preparation method
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The invention relates to a preparation method of aliphatic carboxylic acid amide. The method comprises the following step: carrying out a reaction on aliphatic carboxylic acid and monoalkylamine or dialkylamine with 1-4 carbon atoms in the presence of ceric oxide. By using the method, aliphatic carboxylic acid amide can be prepared with high yield, and a catalyst shows an excellent catalytic efficiency and reusing stability.
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Paragraph 0058; 0059; 0067; 0068
(2017/01/09)
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- Method for synthesizing phosphorus-oxychloride-promoted amide compound
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The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a phosphorus-oxychloride-promoted amide compound. The synthesizing method includes the steps that carboxylic acid serves as one reactant, another reactant (N,N-dialkyl methanamide) serves as a solvent, one equivalent of phosphorus oxychloride is added, and the amide compound is prepared. The reaction substrates are low in price and easy to get, the nature is stable, toxicity is small, the reaction speed is high, conditions are moderate, and the reaction substrates can be widely applied to substrates with different functional groups. The efficiently-constructed amide compound is an important molecular skeleton for many medicines, bioactive molecules and natural products, and the synthesizing method is a widely-applicable preparing method for synthesizing the compound.
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Paragraph 0110; 0111; 0112; 0113; 0114
(2017/01/26)
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- Metal-Free Amidation of Acids with Formamides and T3P
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A new, simple and metal-free method for the direct formation of dialkylamides from carboxylic acids employing N,N-dialkylformamides as amine source is described. The one-pot reaction is promoted by propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P) in the presence of 0.5 equivalents of HCl.
- Bannwart, Linda,Abele, Stefan,Tortoioli, Simone
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p. 2069 - 2078
(2016/07/06)
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- Ru-catalyzed direct amidation of carboxylic acids with N-substituted formamides
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The direct amidation of carboxylic acids with N-substituted formamides has been accomplished via ruthenium catalysis. In the presence of ruthenium catalyst, a versatile range of carboxylic acids and N-substituted formamides undergoes amidation reaction to produce synthetically useful amides in good yields. C[dbnd]O in amide product came from benzoic acid but not N-substituted formamides, and which was confirmed by Isotope experiment.
- Bi, Xiaojing,Li, Junchen,Shi, Enxue,Wang, Hongmei,Gao, Runli,Xiao, Junhua
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p. 8210 - 8214
(2016/11/23)
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- Chemoselective intermolecular α-arylation of amides
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A new approach for the fully chemoselective α-arylation of amides is presented. By means of electrophilic amide activation, aryl groups can be regioselectively introduced α- to amides, even in the presence of esters and alkyl ketones. Mechanistic studies reveal key reaction intermediates and emphasize a remarkably subtle base effect in this transformation. Arylating me softly: A new approach for the fully chemoselective α-arylation of amides has been developed. When electrophilic amide activation is employed, aryl groups can be regioselectively introduced in the position α to the amide, and that even in the presence of esters or alkyl ketones. Mechanistic studies emphasize a remarkably subtle base effect in this transformation.
- Peng, Bo,Geerdink, Danny,Fares, Christophe,Maulide, Nuno
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supporting information
p. 5462 - 5466
(2014/06/09)
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- Nanoporous metal oxides with tunable and nanocrystalline frameworks via conversion of metal-organic frameworks
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Nanoporous metal oxide materials are ubiquitous in the material sciences because of their numerous potential applications in various areas, including adsorption, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, optoelectronics, and drug delivery. While synthetic
- Kim, Tae Kyung,Lee, Kyung Joo,Cheon, Jae Yeong,Lee, Jae Hwa,Joo, Sang Hoon,Moon, Hoi Ri
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supporting information
p. 8940 - 8946
(2013/07/26)
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- Copper-catalyzed oxidative coupling of carboxylic acids with N,N-dialkylformamides: An approach to the synthesis of amides
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A new synthetic approach for amide bond formation through the oxidative coupling of N,N-dialkylformamides with carboxylic acids was achieved by using a copper catalyst. Furthermore, this method was applied in the coupling of chiral amino acids in which the stereochemistry was retained in the resulting amide products. A new synthetic approach to amide bond formation through the oxidative coupling of N,N-dialkylformamides with carboxylic acids was achieved by using a copper catalyst and aqueous tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a sacrificial oxidant. Furthermore, this method was applied in the coupling of chiral amino acids in which the stereochemistry was retained in the resulting amide products. Copyright
- Kumar, P. Santhosh,Kumar, G. Sathish,Kumar, R. Arun,Reddy, N. Veera,Rajender Reddy
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supporting information
p. 1218 - 1222
(2013/04/10)
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- Synthesis of amides
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Alkyl amides have been synthesized from cyclic anhydrides, carboxyl acids and their esters by contacting them with an amine carbamic acid salt.
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- A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CARBOXAMIDES AND PEPTIDES BY THE USE OF TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM SALTS
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Various carboxamides and peptides are prepared in good yields by treatment of free acids and amines in H2O-dichloromethane or aqueous THF with bis(o-nitrophenyl) phenylphosphonate in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate or bromide.Carboxylic esters are also successfully converted to amides via carboxylate salts in one-pot.
- Watanabe, Yutaka,Mukaiyama, Teruaki
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p. 285 - 288
(2007/10/02)
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