- Solid Surface Enhancement Effects on Chemiluminescence. I. Diaryloxalate and Filters as Media Solids
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Solid-surface enhancement effects on chemiluminescence were observed using diaryloxate bis oxalate, fluorophore, hydrogen peroxide and solids (filters) as media.An especially strong emission was observed when glass fiber filters were used.It is suggested that both the chemical composition and the surface physical properties of the solids affect luminescence.The effects of humidity and temperature on chemiluminescence were also examined.A relative humidity of 50percent (at 30 deg C) gave the highest luminescent intensity.A power functional relation of one hundredth lifetime (t1/100) and the temperature(T) was obtained.
- Yoshinaga, Tetsutaro,Morita, Michihiko,Wada, Ken-ichi,Ichimura, Teijiro,Hiratsuka, Hiroshi
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- Process for preparing esters of 3,5,6-trichlorosalicyclic acid
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An improved process for the synthesis of esters of 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylic acid in quantitative yield comprises reacting the acid with an alcohol under distillation conditions in the presence of a titanium ester or chelate catalyst, whereby byproduct ether formation from the alcohol is suppressed. The process is especially applicable to a process by which salicylic acid is chlorinated first in concentrated sulfuric acid and then with iodine catalyst to make the trichlorosalicylic acid which is extracted and then reacted with an alcohol and a titanium catalyst to make the ester.
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- Synthesis and Evaluation of Diaryl Oxalate Esters for Low-Intensity Chemiluminescent Illumination
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Various diaryl oxalate esters have been prepared from oxalyl chloride and substituted salicylates.A number of intermediates and byproducts were obtained from chlorinations of salicylic acid and their mechanistic significance has been discussed.The chemiluminescent emission from the oxalates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide has been examined in the search for low-intensity illumination of at least 10 h duration.Bis(2-alkoxycarbonyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl) oxalates were too unstable while the chemiluminescence of the bis(6-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) oxalates c ould not be adjusted suitably.Some bis(6-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4-dichlorophenyl) oxalates were prepared and, by treatment with various combinations of potassium salicylate and oxalic acid, satisfactory low-intensity light emission could be achieved.
- Dowd, Christopher D.,Paul, D. Brenton
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- Processes for preparing 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylic acid and esters thereof
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An improved single-pot process for synthesis of 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylic acid and esters thereof is described. Salicylic acid is chlorinated first in concentrated sulfuric acid and then with iodine catalyst to make the trichlorosalicylic acid which is extracted and then reacted with an alcohol to make the ester.
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