- A new antiangiogenic C24 oxylipin from the soft coral Sinularia numerosa
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A new oxylipin, 15-hydroxy-tetracosa-6,9,12,16,18-pentaenoic acid (15-HTPE; 1) was isolated as an inhibitor of tube-formation from the soft coral Sinularia numerosa. Its structure was elucidated by means of spectral analysis and chemical degradation. 15-H
- Yamashita, Takahiro,Nakao, Yoichi,Matsunaga, Shigeki,Oikawa, Tsutomu,Imahara, Yukimitsu,Fusetani, Nobuhiro
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Read Online
- METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOL
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The present invention provides a method for selectively producing an alcohol by efficiently hydrogenating a lactone. The present invention is a method for producing an alcohol, the method including hydrogenating a substrate lactone represented by Formula (1), in the presence of a catalyst described below, to produce an alcohol that is represented by Formula (2). In the formulae, R represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a hydroxyl group. The catalyst comprises: metal species including M1 and M2; and a support supporting the metal species, and wherein M1 is rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, or palladium; M2 is tin, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, or rhenium; and the support is hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, hydrotalcite, or ZrO2.
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Paragraph 0104-0106
(2022/02/05)
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- Ru/SiO2 Catalyst for Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Malate to 1,2,4-Butanetriol at Low Temperatures in Aqueous Solvent
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Catalytic selective hydrogenation of esterified malic acid to produce 1,2,4-butanetriol (1,2,4-BT) using H2 as the reducing reagent suffers from the low 1,2,4-BT selectivity. Here, Ru/SiO2 catalyst was employed for selective hydrogenation of dimethyl malate (DM) to produce 1,2,4-BT, which gave abnormal high DM conversion (100%) and 1,2,4-BT selectivity (92.4%) in aqueous solvent at 363?K, especially, the 1,2,4-BT yield even is higher than the optimal catalyst reported (Ru-Re, 79.8%). The reaction pathways for the DM hydrogenation on Ru/SiO2 were also proposed, suggesting that extremely high 1,2,4-BT selectivity require for the much high hydrogenation rates at low temperatures, where side-reaction transesterification rates are relatively low. The extremely high hydrogenation activity and 1,2,4-BT selectivity on Ru/SiO2 in aqueous solvent at low temperatures arise from that H2O may coordinate to Ru2+ and prevent the reduction of Ru2+ to Ru under high H2 pressure. Ru/SiO2 surface presents abundant Ru2+ in aqueous solvent, can activate H2 through heterolytic cleavage mode to form hydride, which can significantly increase hydrogenation rates of C = O groups at low temperatures. In addition, the activity and 1,2,4-BT selectivity on Ru/SiO2 catalyst only reduced by 2.3% and 2.6%, respectively over a period of 550?h. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Chen, Can,Jiang, Junxiang,Li, Guangci,Li, Xuebing,Wang, Da,Wang, Zhong,Yu, Pei
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- Hydrodeoxygenation of C4-C6 sugar alcohols to diols or mono-alcohols with the retention of the carbon chain over a silica-supported tungsten oxide-modified platinum catalyst
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The hydrodeoxygenation of erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol was investigated over a Pt-WOx/SiO2 (4 wt% Pt, W/Pt = 0.25, molar ratio) catalyst. 1,4-Butanediol can be selectively produced with 51% yield (carbon based) by erythritol hydrodeoxygenation at 413 K, based on the selectivity over this catalyst toward the regioselective removal of the C-O bond in the -O-C-CH2OH structure. Because the catalyst is also active in the hydrodeoxygenation of other polyols to some extent but much less active in that of mono-alcohols, at higher temperature (453 K), mono-alcohols can be produced from sugar alcohols. A good total yield (59%) of pentanols can be obtained from xylitol, which is mainly converted to C2 + C3 products in the literature hydrogenolysis systems. It can be applied to the hydrodeoxygenation of other sugar alcohols to mono-alcohols with high yields as well, such as erythritol to butanols (74%) and sorbitol to hexanols (59%) with very small amounts of C-C bond cleavage products. The active site is suggested to be the Pt-WOx interfacial site, which is supported by the reaction and characterization results (TEM and XAFS). WOx/SiO2 selectively catalyzed the dehydration of xylitol to 1,4-anhydroxylitol, whereas Pt-WOx/SiO2 promoted the transformation of xylitol to pentanols with 1,3,5-pentanetriol as the main intermediate. Pre-calcination of the reused catalyst at 573 K is important to prevent coke formation and to improve the reusability.
- Betchaku, Mii,Cao, Ji,Liu, Lujie,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tamura, Masazumi,Tomishige, Keiichi,Yabushita, Mizuho
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supporting information
p. 5665 - 5679
(2021/08/16)
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- Method for preparing 1,2,4-butantriol through reduction of hydrosilane
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The invention discloses a method for preparing 1,2,4-butantriol through reduction of hydrosilane. According to the method, dimethyl malate is selectively reduced into 1,2,4-butantriol under the condition that dioxane is used as a solvent by taking polymethylhydrosiloxane as a reducing agent and potassium tert-butoxide as a catalyst, wherein the reducing agent is low in price, the reaction condition is mild, the selectivity of 1,2,4-butantriol is 100%, and the yield reaches 70%.
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Paragraph 0017-0029
(2020/10/30)
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- Method for preparing 1, 2, 4-butantriol through catalytic hydrogenation
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The invention discloses a method for preparing 1, 2, 4-butantriol by catalytic hydrogenation, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly mixing dimethyl malate and n-propylamine in acertain proportion, reacting at the condensation reflux temperature of the n-propylamine, and cooling to room temperature; removing volatile components through vacuum evaporation; recrystallizing, purifying and the like to obtain corresponding malate diamide; and (2) uniformly mixing the corresponding malate diamide obtained in the step (1) and tetrahydrofuran, carrying out a hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst at a reaction temperature of 120-200 DEG C under an initial reaction pressure of 5-10 MPa for 10-14 h, and collecting the target product 1, 2, 4-butantriol in the reaction product. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, mild conditions, simple processing and no pollution to the environment, the reaction yield can reach 85%or above, and the method is easy for industrial implementation.
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Paragraph 0016-0028
(2020/05/30)
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- One-pot synthesis of 1,3-butanediol by 1,4-anhydroerythritol hydrogenolysis over a tungsten-modified platinum on silica catalyst
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Chemical production of 1,3-butanediol from biomass-derived compounds was first reported by 1,4-anhydroerythritol hydrogenolysis over a Pt-WOx/SiO2 catalyst. The reaction proceeded by ring opening hydrogenolysis of 1,4-anhydroerythritol followed by selective removal of secondary OH groups in 1,2,3-butanetriol, and an overall 1,3-butanediol yield up to 54% was then obtained. The performance of the Pt-WOx/SiO2 catalyst for 1,4-anhydroerythritol hydrogenolysis was closely correlated with that for glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol. The optimized Pt-WOx/SiO2 (Pt: 4 wt% and W: 0.94 wt%) catalyst showed 57% yield of 1,3-propanediol.
- Asano, Takehiro,Liu, Lujie,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tamura, Masazumi,Tomishige, Keiichi
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supporting information
p. 2375 - 2380
(2020/05/14)
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- Method for producing 1,2,4-butanetriol
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The invention provides a method for producing 1,2,4-butanetriol. According to the method, a reaction of 2-butene-1,4-diol and hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by a tungstate and secondary amine to generate 2,3-epoxy-1,4-butanediol; an epoxy reaction solution is treated by using catalase and then the epoxy reaction solution is directly used for a hydrogenation reaction without separation and purification; under action of a Raney nickel catalyst, the hydrogenation reaction is carried out by adopting a feeding method of slowly pressing the epoxy reaction solution into a hydrogenation kettle; and astabilizing agent is added in a rectification process of 1,2,4-butanetriol to inhibit side reactions such as oxidation, intramolecular dehydration and the like. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the 1,2,4-butanetriol provided by the invention has the advantages that the raw materials are easy to obtain, the reaction is stable and is easy to control, purity of the obtained product is high, and the method is very suitable for industrial production. According to the production method provided by the invention, the content of the obtained product 1,2,4-butanetriol is more than99.5%, the content of sensitive impurity 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran is less than 0.05%, and the content of aldehydes and ketones is less than 10 [mu]g/mL.
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Paragraph 0038; 0041-0052; 0054-0063
(2020/01/12)
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- Biosynthesis of 1,4-butanediol from erythritol using whole-cell catalysis
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1,4-Butanediol (BDO) biosynthesis from renewable resources is of increasing interest because of global energy and environmental problems. We have previously demonstrated the production of BDO from erythritol by whole-cell catalysis. Here, the effects of several variables on BDO production were investigated, including cell density, temperature, substrate concentration and pH. It was found that the maximum BDO production was obtained at cell density (OD600) of 30. Low temperature and weak alkaline environment were beneficial for the biotransformation. Regarding substrate concentration, 80?g/L of erythritol was found to be optimum for the bioconversion. Under the optimal conditions, the highest concentration of BDO reached 34.5?mg/L, resulting in 5.8-fold increment after optimization. These results will provide useful guidance for enhancing the bioconversion of erythritol to BDO.
- Dai, Lu,Tai, Cui,Shen, Yaling,Guo, Yali,Tao, Fei
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- Selective C?O Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol over Supported Rh-ReOx Catalysts in the Aqueous Phase
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Bimetallic Rh-ReOx (Re/Rh molar ratio 0.4–0.5) catalysts supported on TiO2 and ZrO2 were prepared by the successive impregnation of dried and calcined unreduced supported Rh catalysts. Their catalytic performances were evaluated in the hydrogenolysis of erythritol to butanetriols (BTO) and butanediols (BDO) in aqueous solution at 150–240 °C under 30–120 bar H2. The activity depended on the nature of the support, and the highest selectivity to BTO and BDO at 80 % conversion was 37 and 29 %, respectively, in the presence of 3.7 wt %Rh-3.5 wt %ReOx/ZrO2 at 200 °C under 120 bar. The characterization of the catalysts by CO chemisorption, TEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with MS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests a different distribution and reducibility of Re species over the supported Rh nanoparticles, which depends on the support.
- Said, Achraf,Da Silva Perez, Denilson,Perret, Noémie,Pinel, Catherine,Besson, Michèle
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p. 2768 - 2783
(2017/07/28)
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- A method for producing isomaltooligo hydrogenolytic
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a production method for an erythritol hydrogenolysis product, including hydrocracking the erythritol on mild conditions to efficiently obtain butane-mono, di or triol.SOLUTION: The production method for the erythritol hydrogenolysis product comprises supplying to a reactor hydrogen and a material solution containing the erythritol and reacting in the reactor the erythritol with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain the erythritol hydrogenolysis product, wherein, as the catalyst, a catalyst provided by supporting iridium on a carrier is used, and as the reactor, a trickle bed reactor is used. As the catalyst, at least one metal ingredient selected from the group consisting of rhenium, molybdenum, tungsten and manganese is preferably used together with the catalyst carrying the iridium on the carrier.
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Paragraph 0056; 0057; 0058
(2018/11/22)
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- A method for producing isomaltooligo hydrogenolytic
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a hydrogenolysis product of erythritol, with which the erythritol is efficiently subjected to hydrogenolysis in mild conditions to provide butane-mono, di or triol.SOLUTION: The method for producing the hydrogenolysis product of erythritol includes a process of reacting the erythritol and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to prepare at least one of compound selected from butane-mono, di and triol, wherein, as the catalyst, a catalyst prepared by depositing at least one of metal component selected from a group comprising iridium, platinum, rhodium, cobalt, palladium and nickel is used.
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Paragraph 0079-0081
(2017/01/02)
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- Production of biobutanediols by the hydrogenolysis of erythritol
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The hydrogenolysis of erythritol using an Ir-ReOx/SiO 2 catalyst was performed for the production of butanediols, which are widely used as a raw material of polymers. The activity and selectivity to butanediols on Ir-ReOx/SiO2 was much higher than that on conventional hydrogenolysis catalysts. The maximum selectivity to 1,4- and 1,3-butanediols reached 33 and 12 % at 74 % conversion, respectively. The erythritol conversion and selectivity to butanediols was almost maintained during four repeating tests if small amounts of acid were added to the reaction and the catalyst was calcined again. The reaction kinetics, reactivity trends, and characterization results indicate a direct hydrogenolysis mechanism in which the hydride species on the Ir metal surface attacks the alkoxide species on the 3D ReOx clusters. Based on the production of erythritol by the fermentation of glucose and glycerol, erythritol hydrogenolysis may be a promising pathway for the production of biobutanediols. Happy hydrogenolysis: The direct hydrogenolysis of erythritol over an Ir-ReOx/SiO 2 catalyst is very effective for the production of biobutanediols. The selectivity to butanediols reached 48.0 % at 74.2 % conversion. Based on the production of erythritol by the fermentation of glucose and glycerol, erythritol hydrogenolysis will be promising in the production of biobutanediols.
- Amada, Yasushi,Watanabe, Hideo,Hirai, Yuichirou,Kajikawa, Yasuteru,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tomishige, Keiichi
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p. 1991 - 1999
(2013/01/15)
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- METHODS OF PURIFYING 1,2,4-BUTANETRIOL AND COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING 1,2,4-BUTANETRIOL
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Methods of purifying BT are disclosed. The method comprises adding at least one polyhydroxyl compound to a crude BT mixture comprising BT and at least one boron-containing compound to form a polyhydroxyl compound/BT mixture. In one embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound/BT mixture is then heated to a temperature greater than the boiling point of BT but less than the boiling point of the at least one polyhydroxyl compound. In another embodiment, the polyhydroxyl compound/BT mixture is heated to a temperature greater than the melting point of the polyhydroxyl compound, and then to a temperature greater than the boiling point of BT but less than the boiling point of the at least one polyhydroxyl compound. A composition comprising BT is also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 3-4
(2011/06/10)
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- Synthesis of 1,2,4-butanetriol enantiomers from carbohydrates
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A bioengineered synthesis scheme for the production of L-1,2,4-butanetriol, D-1,2,4-butanetriol and racemic mixtures thereof from a carbon source is provided. Methods of producing L-1,2,4-butanetriol, D-1,2,4-butanetriol and racemic mixtures thereof are also provided. Methods are also provided for converting D-1,2,4-butanetriol and L-1,2,4,-butanetriol to D,L-1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate.
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOL BY HYDROGENATING LACTONE AND CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTER IN LIQUID PHASE
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Disclosed is a method for producing an alcohol from a lactone or a carboxylic acid ester, which enables to produce an alcohol from a lactone or a carboxylic acid ester under relatively mild conditions with high yield and high catalytic efficiency. This method also enables to produce an optically active alcohol from an optically active lactone or an optically active carboxylic acid ester. Specifically disclosed is a method for producing an alcohol by hydrogen reducing a lactone or a carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a catalyst containing ruthenium and a phosphine compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 represents a spacer; R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; and R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 and R13 independently represent an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
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Page/Page column 16
(2010/01/29)
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- BIOOCOMPATIBLE POLYMER COMPOSITIONS
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The present invention provides a biocompatible prepolymer comprising hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, wherein the hydrophobic segments have at least one ethylenically unsaturated functional group and at least 5% of the segments have two or more ethylenically unsaturated functional groups and water. The invention further provides a biocompatible prepolymer composition comprising hydrophilic and hydrophobic prepolymers, wherein at least one of the hydrophobic prepolymers has at least one ethylenically unsaturated functional group and at least 5% of the prepolymers have two or more ethylenically unsaturated functional groups and water. The invention further provides use of the prepolymer or prepolymer compositions of the invention in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, as bone substitutes or scaffolds, and in wound treatment.
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- Thermodynamic equilibria between polyalcohols and cyclic ethers in high-temperature liquid water
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Thermodynamic equilibrium constants between polyalcohols and cyclic ethers in water at 573 K were determined by measuring their concentrations after the long-term reaction in a batch reactor. Intramolecular dehydration reactions of polyalcohols were important for conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates; however, the yields of products were limited by thermodynamic equilibria between polyalcohols and products. All the thermodynamic equilibrium constants were estimated by the long-term dehydration reaction of 1 mol ·dm-3 polyalcohol aqueous solutions at 573 K. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants between butanepolyols or pentanepolyols and five-membered or six-membered cyclic ethers were within a range from (39 to 337) mol ·dm-3.
- Yamaguchi, Aritomo,Hiyoshi, Norihito,Sato, Osamu,Bando, Kyoko K.,Masuda, Yoshio,Shirai, Masayuki
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experimental part
p. 2666 - 2668
(2010/07/08)
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- APPLICATIONS OF BIOBASED GLYCOL COMPOSITIONS
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A biobased replacement for propylene glycol and ethylene glycol derived from petrochemical sources is presented. The product mixture from the hydrogenolysis of certain polyols from biobased renewable resources may replace propylene glycol and ethylene glycol products from petrochemical sources. Applications and methods of the biobased hydrogenolysis product mixture are disclosed. The compositions and methods provide a feedstock for industrial use which has a 13C/12C isotope ratio characteristic of bioderived material.
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Page/Page column 14
(2008/06/13)
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING 3-AMINOMETHYLTETRAHYDROFURAN DERIVATIVE
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An object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative in a high yield from inexpensive industrial materials. According to the present invention, a 3-aminomethyltetrahydrofuran derivative is produced by preparing a 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative in a high yield from an inexpensive and industrially easily available malic acid derivative, and reducing the cyano group of the 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative.
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- METHOD FOR PRODUCING 3-AMINOMETHYLTETRAHYDROFURAN DERIVATIVE
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Disclosed is a method for highly efficiently producing a 3-aminomethyltetrahydrofuran derivative from a low-cost industrial raw material. Specifically, a 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative is produced at high yield from a low-cost, industrially easily-available malic acid derivative, and then a 3-aminomethyltetrahydrofuran derivative is produced by reducing the cyano group of the 3-cyanotetrahydrofuran derivative.
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Page/Page column 33
(2008/06/13)
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- NaIO4/LiBr-mediated diastereoselective dihydroxylation of olefins: A catalytic approach to the prevost-woodward reaction
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(Chemical Equation Presented) LiBr catalyzes efficiently the dihydroxylation of alkenes to afford syn and anti diols with excellent diastereoselectivity depending upon the use of NaIO4 (30 mol %) or PhI(OAc)2 (1 equiv), respectively, as the oxidants. The oxidation of non-benzylic halides has been achieved for the first time to afford the corresponding diols in excellent yields.
- Emmanuvel, Lourdusamy,Ali Shaikh, Tanveer Mahammad,Sudalai, Arumugam
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p. 5071 - 5074
(2007/10/03)
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- PROCESS FOR RECOVERING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS STREAMS CONTAINING SAME
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A method for a liquid-liquid extraction of hydrophilic organic compounds from aqueous solutions thereof is described. The method generally includes intermixing a sufficient quantity of a specified glycol ether with the aqueous liquor at a first temperature to form a suspension comprising an aqueous raffinate phase and a glycol ether extract phase; separating the glycol ether extract phase from the aqueous raffinate phase; heating the glycol ether extract phase to a second, higher temperature to form a suspension comprising an aqueous extract phase containing a portion of the hydrophilic organic compound and a glycol ether raffinate phase; and separating this glycol ether raffinate phase from the aqueous extract phase. The selected glycol ether has an inverse solubility in water and the partition ratio, value K, for the hydrophilic organic compound is greater than 0.1. This method is useful for recovering valuable hydrophilic organic acids produced via fermentation or produced or used in various manufacturing processes.
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Page/Page column 15; 17
(2008/06/13)
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- CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION METHOD OF 1,2,4-BUTANETRIOL
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Disclosed is a method of continuously producing 1,2,4-butanetriol. The method comprises feeding a liquid mixture of 2,3-epoxy-1,4-butanediol and a solvent into a continuous fixed-bed reaction system in which a nickel-based catalyst having a metal surface area of at least 3 m2/g is packed, and continuously hydrogenating the liquid mixture in a hydrogen atmosphere under conditions in which a reaction temperature is 10-250 °C, a reaction pressure is 5-300 atm, and a weight space velocity (LHSV) is 0.1-30 hr-1. Compared to the conventional technology, the present invention is advantageous in that it is possible to produce 1,2,4-butanetriol at high productivity through an environmentally friendly and economical method.
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Page/Page column 7-8; 10
(2008/06/13)
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- PROCESS FOR THE HYDROGENATION OF ESTERS OF ALPHA-SUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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There is provided a process for the hydrogenation of esters of alpha-substituted carboxylic acids which comprises reacting an ester of an alpha-substituted carboxylic acid with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst under substantially homogeneous supercritical conditions. Preferably, the ester of an alpha-substituted carboxylic acids is an ester of formula (1): wherein: R1 and R2are each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; and Y is a heteroatom or an optionally substituted heteroatom group. More preferably, the ester of an alpha-substituted is carboxylic acids is an ester of formula (2): wherein: R3 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; R4and R5 are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; Y is a heteroatom or an optionally substituted heteroatom group; Q is a functional group; and n 1. Most preferably, the ester of an alpha-substituted carboxylic acids is an ester of formula (3): wherein: R3 and R6 are each independently an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; Y is a heteroatom or an optionally substituted heteroatom group; and n 1.
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Page/Page column 10-12
(2008/06/13)
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- Nucleic acid derivatives
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A compound which comprises a backbone having a plurality of chiral carbon atoms, the backbone bearing a plurality of ligands each being individually bound to a chiral carbon atom of the plurality of chiral carbon atoms, the ligands including one or more pair(s) of adjacent ligands each containing a moiety selected from the group consisting of a naturally occurring nucleobase and a nucleobase binding group, wherein moieties of the one or more pair(s) are directly linked to one another via a linker chain; building blocks for synthesizing the compound; and rises of the compound, particularly in antisense therapy.
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- Microbial Synthesis of the Energetic Material Precursor 1,2,4-Butanetriol
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The lack of a route to precursor 1,2,4-butanetriol that is amenable to large-scale synthesis has impeded substitution of 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate for nitroglycerin. To identify an alternative to the current commercial synthesis of racemic D,L-1,2,4-butanetriol involving NaBH4 reduction of esterified D,L-malic acid, microbial syntheses of D- and L-1,2,4-butanetriol have been established. These microbial syntheses rely on the creation of biosynthetic pathways that do not exist in nature. Oxidation of D-xylose by Pseudomonas fragi provides D-xylonic acid in 70% yield. Escherichia coli DH5α/pWN6.186A then catalyzes the conversion of D-xylonic acid into D-1,2,4-butanetriol in 25% yield. P. fragi is also used to oxidize L-arabinose to a mixture of L-arabino-1,4-lactone and L-arabinonic acid in 54% overall yield. After hydrolysis of the lactone, L-arabinonic acid is converted to L-1,2,4-butanetriol in 35% yield using E. coli BL21(DE3)/pWN6.222A. As a catalytic route to 1,2,4-butanetriol, microbial synthesis avoids the high H2 pressures and elevated temperatures required by catalytic hydrogenation of malic acid. Copyright
- Niu, Wei,Molefe, Mapitso N.,Frost
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p. 12998 - 12999
(2007/10/03)
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- Process for the preparation of butane triols
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A process for the preparation of butane triols is provided. In the process, a malic acid diester is reduced with sodium borohydride in the presence of an ether and an alcohol. Preferably, the malic acid diester is an ethyl or methyl ester, the ether is tetrahydrofuran or bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether (diglyme), and the alcohol comprises ethanol. Advantageously, the reaction is carried out at ambient temperature.
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- Method for producing catalysts containing ruthenium and the use thereof for hydrogenation
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The invention relates to catalysts containing ruthenium and at least one other metal having an atomic number in the range of from 23 to 82 prepared by (a) mixing a suspension of a ruthenium compound having a specific surface area in the range of from 50 to 300 m2/g with a solution of at least one metal compound in which at least one such metal compound contains a metal different from ruthenium and has an atomic number in the range of from 23 to 82, and (b) treating the mixture of the suspension and the solution with a reducing agent.
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- DERMATOLOGICAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS
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Disclosed are methods and compositions for regulating the melanin content of mammalian melanocytes; regulating pigmentation in mammalian skin, hair, wool or fur; treating or preventing various skin and proliferative disorders; by administration of various compounds, including alcohols, diols and/or triols and their analogues.
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- Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
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Disclosed are methods for increasing the differentiation of mammalian neuronal cells for purposes of treating neurodegenerative diseases or nerve damage by administration of various compounds including alcohols, diols and/or triols and their analogues.
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- Treatment of diseases mediated by the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G pathway
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Disclosed are methods and compositions for stimulating cellular nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (cGMP), and protein kinase G (PKG) activity for purposes of treating diseases mediated by deficiencies in the NO/cGMP/PKG signal transduction pathway, by administration of various compounds including alcohols, diols and/or triols and their analogues.
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- Highly efficient and regioselective cyclization catalyzed by titanium silicate-1
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Highly regioselective cyclization of 3,4, 4,5 and 5,6 unsaturated alcohols to tetrahydrofuranols and tetrahydropyranols is reported using the TS-1-H2O2 system for the first time.
- Bhaumik, Asim,Tatsumi, Takashi
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p. 463 - 464
(2007/10/03)
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- rac-3,4-DIHYDROXYBUTYLARSONIC ACID: A KEY INTERMEDIATE FOR ISOSTERIC ARSONOLIPIDS
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Synthetic routes starting from 4-bromobut-1-ene and leading to rac-dihydroxybutylarsonic acid and diphenyl rac-3,4-dihydroxybutyldithioarsonite were explored.All of them gave overall yields 5-16percent.Some properties of the free acid and its dilithium salt are described. Key words: Arsonic acids, (diethylamino)chlorarsine, the Mayer reaction,salts of arsonic acids, cyclization of arsonic acids.
- Serves, Spyros V.,Sotiropoulos, Demetrios N.,Ioannou, Panayiotis V.,Mutenda, Esther K.,Sparkes, Michael J.,Dixon, Henry B.F.
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- Optically active phenoxypropionic esters
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Optically active compounds of the formula I STR1 where R is C1 -C12 -alkyl or -perfluoroalkyl in which one or two non-adjacent CH2 or CF2 groups can also be replaced by --O-- and/or --CO-- and/or --CO--O-- and/or --CH=CH-- and/or --CH-halogen-- and/or --CHCN-- and/or --0--CO--CH-halogen-- and/or --O--CO--CHCN--, or is C1 -C12 -alkyl which can have a terminal chemically reactive group and in which a CH2 group can be replaced by --O--, A1 and A2 are each, independently of one another, 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl and/or Br atoms and/or CH3 groups and/or CN groups and in which one or two CH groups can also be replaced by N, 1,4-cyclohexylene in which one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups can also be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, 1,4-piperidinediyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, 2,6-naphthalenediyl, decahydro-2,6-naphthalenediyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,6-naphthalenediyl, A3 is unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH2 CH2 --, --OCH2 --, --CH2 O--, --C C-- or a single bond and m is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
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- Synthetic lubricating oil
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A synthetic lubricating oil contains an esterification product obtained from a hydroxycarboxylic acid polyol ester (A) and at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (B), and optionally either an aliphatic carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups (C) or a combination of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having two or more carboxyl groups (C) and an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol (D).
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- Derivatives of purine
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Antivirally active compounds of the formula STR1 wherein R1 is hydrogen or hydroxymethyl; R2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or hydroxymethyl; R3 is hydrogen; or R1 and R3 together constitute an additional carbon-carbon bond; with the proviso that when R1 is hydrogen then R2 is hydroxy or hydroxymethyl, that when R1 is hydroxymethyl then R2 is hydrogen and that when R2 is hydroxy then R1 is hydrogen; and physiologically acceptable salts; geometric or optical isomers thereof; processes for preparation of said compounds, pharmaceutical preparations containing the compounds, methods for treatment of virus infections and medical use of the compounds.
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- ANCHIMERICALLY ASSISTED LEWIS ACID CLEAVAGE OF TETRAHYDROFURANS TO FURNISH 1,4-DIOLS
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Treatment of 3-aroyloxy- and 2-(aroyloxymethyl)tetrahydrofurans with TiCl4 results in cleavage of the heterocyclic ring with intervention by the appropriately situated ester group to form intermediates which, on work-up and hydrolysis, furnish 1,4-diols.
- Harwood, Laurence M.,Jackson, Brian,Prout, Keith,Witt, Fiona J.
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p. 1885 - 1888
(2007/10/02)
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- Decarbonylation of Sugars by Chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium
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Unprotected aldose sugars are smoothly decarbonylated by 1 equiv. of chlorotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium in N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one at 130 deg C to give he next lower alditol and carbonylchloribis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium; ketose sugars undergo more complex dehydration-decarbonylation reactions.
- Andrews, Mark A.,Klaeren, Stephen A.
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p. 1266 - 1267
(2007/10/02)
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- DERIVATIVES OF GUANINE FOR COMBATING HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS
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Novel antiviral compounds of formula wherein each of Ri and R2, which are the same or dif- ferent is hydrogen, hydroxy or fluoro; provided that Ri or R2 is hydrogen when Ri and R2 are different, and provided that Ri and R2 are hydroxy or fluoro when Ri and R2 are the same; or a physiologically acceptable salt or an optical isomer thereof, methods for their prepara- tion, pharmaceutical preparations containing the com- pounds, and methods for the treatment of virus infec- tions and other diseases caused by viruses.
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- Making 1,2,4-butanetriol by hydroformylation of glycidol
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1,2,4-Butanetriol is produced by hydroformylation of a solution of glycidol and reduction of the hydroformylation reaction products.
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