- Metal ferrite nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and studies on decontamination of sulfur mustard
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Mg, Ca, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn-Zn, and Co-Zn metal ferrite and mixed metal ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption techn
- Praveen Kumar,Prasad,Ramacharyulu,Singh, Beer,Anchal Roy
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p. 833 - 840
(2016/09/28)
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- Enhanced thermal degradation of 2,2′-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (sulfur mustard, HD) with the presence of metal oxides
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Thermal degradation of sulfur mustard (2,2′-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, HD) in the presence of metal oxide adsorbents was investigated by thermal desorption in conjunction with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Zr(OH)4, Al2O3, Al2CoO4, MgO, CeO2, and V2O5were used as metal oxide adsorbents. Neat HD was spiked onto the metal oxides packed in glass tubes, which were kept at room temperature and then heated at moderately elevated temperatures of 100°C by a thermal desorption system. The products of thermal degradation were directly transferred and analyzed by GC-MS. 1,4-Dithiane and 1,4-oxathiane were characterized as the major products of the thermal degradation of HD in the presence of Zr(OH)4, Al2O3, Al2CoO4, and CeO2adsorbents. No effective degradation was observed with MgO and V2O5. Of particular note is Zr(OH)4, which extremely enhanced the thermal degradation of HD.
- Jung, Hyunsook,Lee, Hae Wan,Jeong, Eun Ah
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p. 1137 - 1141
(2016/07/27)
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- Facile hydrolysis-based chemical destruction of the warfare agents VX, GB, and HD by alumina-supported fluoride reagents
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A facile solvent-free hydrolysis (chemical destruction) of the warfare agents VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioate), GB (O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate or sarin), and HD (2,2′-dichloroethyl sulfide or sulfur mustard) upon reaction with various solid-supported fluoride reagents is described. These solid reagents include different alumina-based powders such as KF/Al2O3, AgF/KF/Al2O3, and KF/Al2O3 enriched by so-called coordinatively unsaturated fluoride ions (termed by us as ECUF-KF/Al2O3). When adsorbed on these sorbents, the nerve agent VX quickly hydrolyzed (t1/2 range between 0.1-6.3 h) to the corresponding nontoxic phosphonic acid EMPA as a major product (>90%) and to the relatively toxic desethyl-VX (1/2 range between 2.2-161 h). The reaction rates and the product distribution were found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the fluoride ions in the KF/Al2O 3 matrix and on its water content. All variations of the alumina-supported fluoride reagents studied caused an immediate hydrolysis of the highly toxic GB (t1/2 31P, 13C, and 19F MAS NMR.
- Gershonov,Columbus,Zafrani
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 329 - 338
(2009/04/10)
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