- Chemoselective Homologation-Deoxygenation Strategy Enabling the Direct Conversion of Carbonyls into (n+1)-Halomethyl-Alkanes
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The sequential installation of a carbenoid and a hydride into a carbonyl, furnishing halomethyl alkyl derivatives, is reported. Despite the employment of carbenoids as nucleophiles in reactions with carbon-centered electrophiles, sp3-type alkyl halides remain elusive materials for selective one-carbon homologations. Our tactic levers on using carbonyls as starting materials and enables uniformly high yields and chemocontrol. The tactic is flexible and is not limited to carbenoids. Also, diverse carbanion-like species can act as nucleophiles, thus making it of general applicability.
- Citarella, Andrea,Holzer, Wolfgang,Ielo, Laura,Langer, Thierry,Miele, Margherita,Pace, Vittorio,Urban, Ernst,Zehl, Martin
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supporting information
p. 7629 - 7634
(2020/10/12)
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- Ketone-catalyzed photochemical C(sp3)–H chlorination
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Photoexcited arylketones catalyze the direct chlorination of C(sp3)–H groups by N- chlorosuccinimide. Acetophenone is the most effective catalyst for functionalization of unactivated C–H groups while benzophenone provides better yields for benzylic C–H functionalization. Activation of both acetophenone and benzophenone can be achieved by irradiation with a household compact fluorescent lamp. This light-dependent reaction provides a better control of the reaction as compared to the traditional chlorination methods that proceed through a free radical chain propagation mechanism.
- Han, Lei,Xia, Ji-Bao,You, Lin,Chen, Chuo
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p. 3696 - 3701
(2017/06/13)
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- Synthetic method of 2-bromo-4-(2-chloro-ethyl)-aniline
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The invention relates to a synthetic method of 2-bromo-4-(2-chloro-ethyl)-aniline and belongs to the field of chemical synthesis. The method comprises the following steps: using chlorobenzene and anhydrous AlCl2 as raw materials, dropwise adding chloroacetyl chloride, using ice water and hydrochloric acid, stirring and reacting, carrying out suction filtration, washing with sodium hydroxide and deionized water, carrying out vacuum suction filtration and collecting chlorobenzene, carrying out rotary evaporation until collecting 4-chloro-benzeneacetyl chloride, heating a 4-chloro-benzeneacetyl chloride solution, hydrazine hydrate and diglycol and carrying out reflux reaction, collecting 1-chloro-4-(2-chloroethyl)benzene and drying under reduced pressure to prepare light yellow powder, carrying out a bromination reaction and dropwise adding a sodium hypochlorite solution and an ammonium sulfite solution, washing and collecting saffron yellow particles so as to prepare 2-bromo-4-(2-chloro-ethyl)-aniline.
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Paragraph 0007
(2016/11/28)
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- Functionalized acridin-9-yl phenylamines protected neuronal HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cell death by reducing intracellular levels of free radical species
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The in vitro neuronal cell death model based on the HT22 mouse hippocampal cell model is a convenient means of identifying compounds that protect against oxidative glutamate toxicity which plays a role in the development of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Functionalized acridin-9-yl-phenylamines were found to protect HT22 cells from glutamate challenge at submicromolar concentrations. The Aryl1-NHAryl2 scaffold that is embedded in these compounds was the minimal pharmacophore for activity. Mechanistically, protection against the endogenous oxidative stress generated by glutamate did not involve up-regulation of glutathione levels but attenuation of the late stage increases in mitochondrial ROS and intracellular calcium levels. The NH residue in the pharmacophore played a crucial role in this regard as seen from the loss of neuroprotection when it was structurally modified or replaced. That the same NH was essential for radical scavenging in cell-free and cell-based systems pointed to an antioxidant basis for the neuroprotective activities of these compounds.
- Nguyen, Thuy,Yang, Tianming,Go, Mei-Lin
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supporting information
p. 1830 - 1838
(2015/03/14)
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- Functionalized acridin-9-yl phenylamines protected neuronal HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cell death by reducing intracellular levels of free radical species
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The in vitro neuronal cell death model based on the HT22 mouse hippocampal cell model is a convenient means of identifying compounds that protect against oxidative glutamate toxicity which plays a role in the development of certain neurodegenerative diseases. Functionalized acridin-9-yl-phenylamines were found to protect HT22 cells from glutamate challenge at submicromolar concentrations. The Aryl1-NH-Aryl2 scaffold that is embedded in these compounds was the minimal pharmacophore for activity. Mechanistically, protection against the endogenous oxidative stress generated by glutamate did not involve up-regulation of glutathione levels but attenuation of the late stage increases in mitochondrial ROS and intracellular calcium levels. The NH residue in the pharmacophore played a crucial role in this regard as seen from the loss of neuroprotection when it was structurally modified or replaced. That the same NH was essential for radical scavenging in cell-free and cell-based systems pointed to an antioxidant basis for the neuroprotective activities of these compounds.
- Nguyen, Thuy,Yang, Tianming,Go, Mei-Lin
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supporting information
p. 1830 - 1838
(2014/04/17)
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- Gallium-catalyzed reductive chlorination of carboxylic acids with copper(II) chloride
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Described herein is the direct chlorination of carboxylic acids using copper(II) chloride via a gallium(III)-catalyzed reduction in the presence of a hydrosiloxane. During this reductive chlorination, the counteranions of CuCl2 functioned as a chloride source.
- Sakai, Norio,Nakajima, Takumi,Yoneda, Shinichiro,Konakahara, Takeo,Ogiwara, Yohei
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p. 10619 - 10623
(2015/02/19)
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- PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF 5-HT2C RECEPTOR AGONISTS
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The present invention relates to processes and intermediates useful in the preparation of (R)-8-chloro-l-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (lorcaserin), a serotonin (5-ΗT) receptor modulator that is useful in the treatment of, for example, central nervous system disorders, such as obesity.
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Page/Page column 27
(2010/12/31)
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- Pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidines as antiviral agents
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This invention relates to a novel class of 4,5,6,7-substituted non-nucleoside, non-phosphorylatable pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines which exhibit both significantly lower levels of cytotoxicity and superior antiviral activity than known nucleoside, non-nucleoside, and non-nucleoside, non-phosphorylatable pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives, particularly against human DNA viruses such as cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). These compounds are represented by the following formula: wherein: R4is —NR1R2or oxo; R5is —CN, or —CSNR1R2, or —CONR1R2; R6is —H, or halo, or —NR1R2; wherein R1and R2are independently —H or an aliphatic group; and R7is of the formula R3—Ar, wherein R3is an aliphatic group and Ar is an unsubstituted aryl or an aryl independently substituted with halo, nitro, amino, or aliphatic groups; provided that when R5is a —CN or —CSNH2, and R6is a —H or —NH2, and Ar is a —C6H5or a phenyl substituted with only one aliphatic group, R3is an aliphatic group other than methyl such that —R3— is not a —CH2—; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs and derivatives thereof.
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- Lithiophenylalkyllithiums: New dilithium reagents having both sp2- and sp3-hybridised remote carbanionic centres
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The reaction of chloro-(2-chloroethyl)benzenes (1), 4-chloro-(3-chloropropyl)benzene (3) or 4-chlorophenyl chloromethyl ether (5) with lithium power using naphthalene as the electron shuttle (8 mol%) in the presence of different carbonyl compounds [Busub
- Yus, Miguel,Ramón, Diego J.,Gómez, Inmaculada
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- 1H-4(5)-substituted imidazole derivatives, their preparation and their use as histamine H3 receptor ligands
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A compound of the formula wherein R2is an optionally substituted Czto Cgalkylene or alkylene chain; R3is C2to C15optionally substituted hydrocarbyl; X is a bond or —NR4—, wherein
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- A Convenient Conversion of Primary Amines into the Corresponding Halides Radical Promoted Halodeamination via N-Substituted-N-Tosylhydrazines
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Treatment of 1-substituted-1-tosylhydrazines with 2 equivalents of NCS or NBS in dry THF in presence of light affords the corresponding alkyl halides in good yields.This reaction presumably involves the initial formation of a stabilized hydrazyl radical which is halogenated in a radical chain process.Elimination of p-toluenesulfinic acid and extrusion of nitrogen leads to the corresponding alkyl halide.This route provides an improved method for halodeamination under neutral reaction conditions.
- Collazo, Luis R.,Guziec, Frank S.,Hu, Wei-Xiao Jr.,Pankayatselvan, Ratnadevi
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p. 7911 - 7914
(2007/10/02)
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- Covenient Halodeamination and Hydrodeamination of Primary Amines
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Treatment of p-toluenesulfonamides of primary amines with 2 equiv of chloroamine at room temperature in the presence of base leads to reductive deamination.If excess chloroamine is present, the corresponding alkyl or aryl halides are obtained instead in good yields.Both reactions presumably proceed via tosylhydrazine and diazene intermediates; the course of the reaction is often governed by steric hindrance.Treatment of the isolated tosylhydrazine intermediate with base and chloroamine, bromine, or iodine also leads to the corresponding halides in very good yields.
- Guziec, Frank S.,Wei, Dongchu
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p. 3772 - 3776
(2007/10/02)
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- ALKYL HALIDES FROM ALCOHOLS: AN EFFECTIVE METHOD UNDER MILD CONDITIONS
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Primary alkyl chlorides and bromides are obtained from the carbinol precursors and an organic amine hydrohalide under straightforward Mitsunobu conditions.
- Alpegiani, Marco,Bedeschi, Angelo,Perrone, Ettore
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p. 393 - 394
(2007/10/02)
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- Structure of ω-Arylalkyl Radicals: A 13C CIDNP Investigation
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Thermolysis of a series of ω-arylalkanoyl m-chlorobenzoyl (and acetyl) peroxides at ca. 100 deg C in cyclohexanone and in hexachloroacetone was studied by using 13C chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization.Analysis of the observed 13C polarizations indicate that all the three radicals (β-arylethyl, γ-arylpropyl and δ-arylbutyl) have open-chain structures with no evidence for aryl participation resulting in spirocycloalkylcyclohexadienyl radicals.
- Olah, George A.,Krishnamurthy, V. V.,Singh, Brij P.,Iyer, Pradeep S.
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p. 955 - 963
(2007/10/02)
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- Pharmaceutical compositions and method of inhibiting phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
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Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of inhibiting phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase using substituted carbamimidothioic acid phenylalkyl esters.
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